• 임상간호연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.309-320
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify relationships among circadian types, sleep quality, and adaptation to night shifts among nurses working on two or three day night duties. Methods: The participants were 199 ward nurses from two university hospitals in Gyeongnam province. Each nurse worked on two or three day night duties. Data were collected between September 24 and October 14, 2012 and analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\grave{e}}$ test, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 14.0 program. Results: Mean scores for sleep quality and adaptation to night shifts was $4.92{\pm}1.46$ on a 10-point scale and $2.66{\pm}0.47$ on a 5-point scale respectively. There were no significant differences in sleep quality and adaptation to night shifts according to circadian types of nurses. There were significant correlation between sleep quality and adaptation to night shifts (r=.25, p<.001). Factors affecting adaptation to night shifts were preference for night shifts, and subjective health status, which together explained about 35% of the total variance. Conclusions: Nurses working on two or three day night duties had low level of sleep quality and adaptation to night shifts. It is necessary to improve preference for night shifts and subjective health status for improving adaptation to night shifts of nurse.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2012

Purpose: To investigate the effects of anterior guidance (AG) change on the working (WCP) and non-working condylar paths (NWCP), and lower incisor path (LIP) using a splint with flat (FAG) or steep AG (SAG). Materials and Methods: The samples consisted of six young adult women (mean age=$23.5{\pm}3.3$ years). Inclusion criteria were skeletal Class I and normodivergent pattern, normal overbite/overjet, minimal slide from retruded cuspal position to intercuspal position, no temporomandibular disorder signs and symptoms, mutually protected occlusion, and minimal tooth wear. After the values of natural AG (NAG) were obtained as a reference for each patient, two types of splints ($15^{\circ}$ flatter and steeper than NAG) were made. After insertion of the splints with FAG or SAG, the WCP, NWCP, and LIP were recorded five times for each patient using an ultrasonic AQR (SAM, Munich, Germany) and statistical analysis was subsequently performed. Result: NAG exhibited postero-superior movement in the WCP and did not show a noticeable immediate side shift (ISS) or difference between the eccentric (EP) and returning paths (RP) in the NWCP. FAG was associated with an irregular and excessive WCP, an increase in ISS, and a difference between EP and RP in the NWCP. SAG showed minimal WCP movement and a decrease in the extent of difference between EP and RP in the NWCP. LIP showed significant differences in EP and in RP (P<0.001, all; FAG

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

Background : This study verified a correlation between gross motor performance measure (GMPM) and pediatric balance scale (PBS) for children, which are most widely used for assessment of children with cerebral palsy. Methods : The study subjects are 20 children aged between five and 13 who were diagnosed with cerebral palsy. Their mean age was $8.15{\pm}2.96years$ and consists of 15 males and 5 females. The subjects were divided into three groups according to muscle tone and motility disorders and then GMPM and PBS were assessed. In the assessment items in the GMPM, alignment, coordination, dissociated movement, stability, and weight shift were measured. The PBS consists of sitting to standing, standing to sitting, moving between chairs, standing without using hands, standing with one foot, turning 360 degrees, turning to look behind, retrieving object from floor, and reaching forward with outstretched arm while standing. A correlation of the collected data was analyzed using SPSS 18.0 for windows. Results : From Significant correlations were shown between items of GMPM and PBS as well as total scores of GMPM and PBS. Among them, coordination and weight transfer in the GMPM items had a high correlation with the PBS. In addition, the higher the GMPM total score was, the higher the PBS score was. Conclusion : This study result showed a significant correlation between GMPM and PBS, and this relation can be used to pediatric physical examination.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.54-67
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• 2005

This paper provides an evaluation of an optimization-based, multiple-input double-output (MIDO) run-to-run (R2R) control scheme for general semiconductor manufacturing processes. The controller in this research, termed adaptive dual response optimizing controller (ADROC), can serve as a process optimizer as well as a recipe regulator between consecutive runs of wafer fabrication. In evaluation, it is assumed that the equipment model could be appropriately described by a pair of second-order polynomial functions in terms of a set of controllable variables. Of practical relevance is to consider a drifting effect in the equipment model since in common semiconductor practice the process tends to drift due to machine aging and tool wearing. We select a typical application of R2R control to chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) in semiconductor manufacturing in this evaluation, and there are five different CMP process scenarios demonstrated, including mean shift, variance increase, and IMA disturbances. For the controller, ADROC, an on-line estimation technique is implemented in a self-tuning (ST) control manner for the adaptation purpose. Subsequently, an ad hoc global optimization algorithm based on the dual response approach, arising from the response surface methodology (RSM) literature, is used to seek the optimum recipe within the acceptability region for the execution of next run. The main components of ADROC are described and its control performance is assessed. It reveals from the evaluation that ADROC can provide excellent control actions for the MIDO R2R situations even though the process exhibits complicated, nonlinear interaction effects between control variables, and the drifting disturbances.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제15B권3호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 잡음에 의해 손상된 텍스트 영상으로부터 복원 및 분할을 위한 새로운 접근 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 손상된 영역의 복원을 위하여 색상 및 비색상 성분을 2차 대칭 스틱 텐서로 표현하고 보팅 기반의 손상된 영역을 복원하였으며, 마지막으로 클러스터링 방법에 의해 분할을 수행한다. 먼저 우리는 제안된 색상 선택함수에 의해 잡음에 강건한 색상과 비색상 성분을 선택한다. 두 번째 단계에서는 각각의 선택된 특징 벡터들은 스틱 텐서로 표현하였으며 제한된 보팅 커널의 필드내에서 이웃하는 보터들과 통신을 통하여 새롭게 정의된다. 따라서 2차 보팅 후 각각의 스틱 텐서는 이웃하는 텐서와 같은 특성을 가지며 손상된 영역들을 복원할 수 있다. 마지막으로 복원된 영상의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 적응적 평균 이동 알고리즘과 클러스터링 알고리즘을 이용하여 영상 분할을 수행하였다. 실험에서 제안된 방법은 전체적인 처리과정을 자동적으로 수행 가능하였으며 배경 및 객체의 영역에서 효율적인 복원 및 분할을 수행할 수 있었다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.479-486
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• 2005

The final goal of shift alignment design is that the bearing reaction forces or mean pressures are within design boundaries for various service conditions of a ship. However, it is found that calculated bearing load can be substantially variable according to the locations of the effective support points of after sterntube bearing which are determined by simple calculation or assumption suggested by classification societies. A new analysis method for shaft alignment calculation is introduced in order to resolve these problems. Key concept of the new method is featured by adopting both nonlinear elastic and multi-support elements to simulate a bearing support Hertz contact theory is basically applied for nonlinear elastic stiffness calculation instead of the projected area method suggested by most of classification societies. Three loading conditions according to the bearing offset and the hydrodynamic moment and twelve models according to the locations of the effective support points of sterntube bearings are prepared to carry out quantitative verifications for an actual shafting system of 8000 TEU class container vessel. It is found that there is relatively large difference between assumed and calculated effective support points.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 기타 타브 악보에서 추출한 프렛 번호를 대상으로 학습 알고리즘의 분류 성능을 비교한다. 타브 악보로부터 세그먼트를 통해 추출된 타브 숫자 데이터는 타브 선과 악보 기호가 포함하기 때문에 레이블링 기법과 비선형 필터를 이용하여 프렛 숫자를 추출한다. 추가적인 데이터 확보를 위해 전처리가 수행된 데이터에 대해 4 방향으로 이동 연산을 수행한다. 선택된 학습 모델은 베이지안 분류기, 지지벡터기기, 프로토타입 기반 학습, 다층 신경망 그리고 합성곱 신경망 모델 등이다. 실험 결과 베이지안 분류기는 85.0% 평균 정확도를 보였고 나머지 분류기는 99.0% 이상의 평균 정확도를 보였다. 일반화 성능과 전처리 단계를 고려 시 합성곱 신경망이 다른 학습 모델들보다 우수하다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2019

Background: This study was designed to provide logical backgrounds for the revision of biological exposure indices (BEIs) for styrene exposure in Korea. In order to investigate the correlation between airborne styrene and biological exposure indices, we measured urinary mandelic acid (MA) and phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA) in workers exposed to styrene occupationally, as well as airborne styrene at workplaces. Methods: Surveys were conducted for 56 subjects. The concentrations of airborne styrene and urinary metabolites of styrene were measured in 36 workers who were occupationally exposed to styrene, and in 20 controls. Air samples were collected using personal air samplers and analyzed by gas chromatography. Urine samples were collected at the end of the shift and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Results: The geometric mean concentration of airborne styrene was 9.6 ppm. The concentrations of urinary MA, PGA, and MA+PGA in the exposure group were 267.7, 143.3, and 416.8 mg/g creatinine, respectively. The correlation coefficients for correlation between airborne styrene and MA, PGA, and MA+PGA were 0.714, 0.604, and 0.769, respectively. The sum of urinary MA and PGA corresponding to an exposure of 20 ppm styrene was 603 mg/g creatinine. Conclusion: The correlation of the sum of urinary MA and PGA with airborne styrene was better than the correlation of each individual urinary determinant. It is considered appropriate to amend the concentration of urinary MA+PGA to 600 mg/g creatinine as a BEI, which corresponds to an airborne styrene concentration of 20 ppm in Korea.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.441-450
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• 2021

Background and objective: The purpose of study is to analyze the three-dimensional (3D) structure by creating a 3D model for green spaces in a park using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images. Methods: After producing a digital surface model (DSM) and a digital terrain model (DTM) using UAV images taken in Mureung Park in Chuncheon-si, we generated a digital tree height model (DHM). In addition, we used the mean shift algorithm to test the classification accuracy, and obtain accurate tree height and volume measures through field survey. Results: Most of the tree species planted in Mureung Park were Pinus koraiensis, followed by Pinus densiflora, and Zelkova serrata, and most of the shrubs planted were Rhododendron yedoense, followed by Buxus microphylla, and Spiraea prunifolia. The average height of trees measured at the site was 7.8 m, and the average height estimated by the model was 7.5 m, showing a difference of about 0.3 m. As a result of the t-test, there was no significant difference between height values of the field survey data and the model. The estimated green coverage and volume of the study site using the UAV were 5,019 m² and 14,897 m³, respectively, and the green coverage and volume measured through the field survey were 6,339 m² and 17,167 m³. It was analyzed that the green coverage showed a difference of about 21% and the volume showed a difference of about 13%. Conclusion: The UAV equipped with RTK (Real-Time Kinematic) and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) modules used in this study could collect information on tree height, green coverage, and volume with relatively high accuracy within a short period of time. This could serve as an alternative to overcome the limitations of time and cost in previous field surveys using remote sensing techniques.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.408-408
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• 2023

하천공간은 하도, 사주, 식생, 하천구조물 등에 대한 특성을 지니고 있으며, 현장조사를 통해 하천공간에 대한 자료를 분석하여 기초자료를 생산한다. 기존에는 현장에서 육안조사나 지상에서 사진촬영, 스케치방법으로 하천공간특성에 대한 조사를 수행하였으나, 지상에서 조사한 자료은 하천특성에 대한 물리적·공간적 특성을 파악하기 어렵고 자료의 활용성이 낮은 한계점이 존재한다. 이와 같은 한계를 극복하기 위해 GIS 및 RS 기술을 활용한 고도화된 첨단조사 기술 및 장비가 도입되어 활용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 하천공간특성을 GIS 기반으로 객체지향 분류 적용 연구와 분류 항목에 따른 공간분석 연구를 수행하였다. 연구를 위한 대상지역은 섬진강권역의 지석천 유역 하류부에 위치하고 있는 지석천 친수공원을 대상으로 선정하였다. 대상지역의 고해상도 항공영상을 수집 및 정합한 후 QGIS에서 제공하는 Orfeo ToolBox(OTB)의 LSMS(Large Scale Mean-Shift) 기법으로 정합한 항공영상의 객체지향 영상분할을 실시하여 벡터 레이어를 생성하였고, 하천공간특성에 따른 항목을 선정하여 각 항목의 영역에 대한 선별을 통해 훈련데이터를 생성하였다. 훈련데이터는 랜덤 포레스트를 이용하여 각 항목에 대한 자동 분류를 확인하였으며, 하천공간특성의 정량적 평가를 위해 분류된 각 항목별 공간분석을 통해 면적, 위치정보(위도, 경도, 표고)를 산정하였다. 분석 결과, 하천공간특성을 GIS 기반의 벡터 레이어와 각 항목에 대한 정량적 분석을 통해 하천공간의 DB를 구축하였다. 이와 같이 하천공간 DB 구축을 통해 전국 하천관리체계를 위한 기초자료를 구축하고자 하였다.