• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2023

In the machine vision inspection equipment, diameter measurement is important process in inspection of cylindrical object. However, machine vision inspection equipment requires complex algorithm processing such as camera distortion correction and perspective distortion correction, and the increase in processing time and cost required for precise diameter measurement. In this paper, we proposed the algorithm for diameter measurement of cylindrical object using the laser displacement sensor. In order to fit circle for given four input outer points, grid search algorithms using root-mean-square error and mean-absolute error are applied and compared. To solve the limitations of the grid search algorithm, we finally apply the singular-value-decomposition based circle fitting algorithm. In order to compare the performance of the algorithms, we generated the pseudo data of the outer points of the cylindrical object and applied each algorithm. As a result of the experiment, the grid search using root-mean-square error confirmed stable measurement results, but it was confirmed that real-time processing was difficult as the execution time was 10.8059 second. The execution time of mean-absolute error algorithm was greatly improved as 0.3639 second, but there was no weight according to the distance, so the result of algorithm is abnormal. On the other hand, the singular-value-decomposition method was not affected by the grid and could not only obtain precise detection results, but also confirmed a very good execution time of 0.6 millisecond.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.14-16
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• 1983

1981년 5월부터 11월까지 군산에서 채집된 범게 1049개체를 재료로 난소중양, 포난수 및 난경을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 난소중양은 미숙난군은 0.5g 이하, 성숙말포난군은 $3.0{\sim}15.9\;g$, 포난군은 $0.2{\sim}1.5\;g$였다. 포난수의 범위는 $240{\times}10^2{\sim}1073{\times}10^2$입, 평균포난수는 $542{\times}10^2$입이고 갑폭이 큰 개체는 많았다. 난경의 범위는 $543{\sim}913{\mu}m$, 평균난경은 $712{\mu}m$였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제61권7호
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• pp.226-230
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• 2018

Purpose: This pilot study assessed changes in the growth plate and growth rates in children during a 6-month period. Methods: The study included 31 healthy children (17 boys, 14 girls) under evaluation for growth retardation. Height, weight, bone age, insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and insulin like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGF-BP3) were measured at baseline and after 6 months. In addition, the diameter, thickness, and volume of the femoral and tibial growth plates were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Results: The mean bone age in boys and girls was 11.7 and 10.7 years, respectively. In boys, height (z score) (-0.2 vs. 0.0), weight (z score) (0.8 vs. 1.1), body mass index (BMI) (z score) (1.27 vs. 1.5), IGF-1 (ng/mL) (343.6 vs. 501.8), and IGF-BP3 (ng/mL) (5,088.5 vs. 5,620.0) were significantly higher after 6 months. In girls, height (z score) (-1.0 vs. -0.7), weight (z score) (-0.5 vs. 0.1), BMI (z score) (-0.02 vs. 0.3), IGF-1 (ng/mL) (329.3 vs. 524.6), and IGF-BP3 (ng/mL) (4,644.4 vs. 5,593.6) were also significantly higher after 6 months. In both sexes, the mean diameter and volume of the femoral and tibial growth plates were significantly increased 6 months later. Conclusion: No significant correlation was found between changes in the growth plate and clinical parameters in children with growth retardation in this study, other than correlations of change in femoral diameter with weight and BMI. A larger, long-term study is needed to precisely evaluate the correlation between change in the growth plate and growth.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

농촌진흥청 국립농업유전자원센터로부터 국내외에서 수집된 해바라기 328종을 분양받아 바이오디젤 가능 작물로서 특성을 조사한 바 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 해바라기 수집종의 출아소요일수는 7~12일이었으며, 개화 소요일수는 55~86일로 폭넓게 분포하였다. 수집종 해바라기의 경장은 평균이 259 cm로 그 분포는 131~345 cm의 변이를 보였고, 성숙일수는 평균 35일이었다. 주당 두화수(頭花數)는 1개~23개로 큰 변이를 보였으며, 두화의 크기는 평균 17.6 cm 로 14.7~21.3 cm가 72.8%로 가장 높게 분포하였다. 두화당 종자수는 평균 1,430개 정도, 종실중은 평균 91.4 g로 28~379 g로 넓은 분포를 보였다. 종실길이는 평균 11.7 mm, 범위는 9.0~21.5 mm 이었으며, 종실 폭은 평균 6.4 mm, $1\;{\ell}$ 무게는 평균 322.5 g이었으며, 천립중은 평균 63.3 g, 주당 종실중은 평균 204 g이었다. 생육 및 종실 특성 중에서 두화 당 종자수의 변이가 가장 컸고, 다음으로 주당종실 중의 변이가 컸다. 수집종들의 형질 간 상관분석 결과, 경장이 클수록 종실폭은 커지고 개화일수도 길어졌으나, 성숙일수와 생육일수는 짧았다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2009

본 연구는 밭토양 내수성입단의 계절별 특성을 밝히고 파쇄프랙탈차원을 이용하여 대공극률과의 관계를 구명코자 수행하였다. 대상 토양은 토성이 다른 세 지점으로 고평통 (Fine, Typic Hapludalfs), 규암통 (Fine silty over coarse silty, Fluvaquentic Eutrudepts), 중동통(Coarse loamy, Typic Udifluvents)으로 경기도에 위치하였다. 봄, 여름, 가을에 불교란 시료를 채취하고 내수성입단과 대공극률, 토양이화학성을 측정하였다. 내수성입단은 파쇄프랙탈차원($D_f$), 기하평균지름(GMD), 중량평균지름(MWD)의 세 가지로 계수화하였다. $D_f$는 MWD보다 GMD와 상관이 높게 나타났고, 무차원의 입단파쇄과정에 근거하여서 실험에 사용한 입단크기와 전처리과정의 영향을 덜 받아 내수성입단의 계수화에 적절하다고 판단할 수 있었다. 계절적으로 내수성입단은 여름>봄>가을순으로 나타났고 생물활성과 토양수분의 영향으로 파악할 수 있었다. $D_f$ 3.1이하의 토양에서 $D_f$와 대공극률과역의 상관관계를 나타냈으며 특히 $99{\mu}m$ 이상의 공극률과 상관이 높았으며 $D_f$ 3.1이상의 토양에서는 상관이 나타나지 않았다. 또한 $D_f$ 3.1이하의 토양에서는 대공극률과 포화수리전도도의 누승함수 적합도가 높게 나타났다. 따라서 내수성입단의 파쇄프랙탈차원은 입단화에 의한 대공극형성과 해석에 유용하다고 판단할 수 있었다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.198-207
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• 1996

It is well known that drag reduction in single phase liquid flow is affected by polymer material, molecular weight, polymer concentration, pipe diameter, and flow velocity. Drag reduction in two phase flow can be applied to the transport of crude oil, phase change system such as chemical reactor, pool and boiling flow, and to present cavitation which occurs in pump impellers. But the research of drag reduction in two phase flow is not sufficient. The purpose of the present work is to evaluate the drag reduction by measuring pressure drop, void fraction, mean liquid velocity, and turbulent intensity whether polymer is added in the horizontal two phase system or not. Experiment has been conducted in a test section with the inner diameter of 24mm and the length of 1,500mm. The polymer materials used are two kinds of polyacrylamide[PAAM] and co-polymer[A611P]. The polymer concentration was varied with 50, 100 and 200 ppm under the same experimental conditions. Experimental results showed that the drag reduction of co-polymer is higher than that of polyacrylamide. Mean liquid velocities increased as polymer was added, and turbulent intensity decreased inversely near the pipe wall.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.428-433
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• 2004

The aim of this study was to investigate the histochemical parameters of muscle fibers, and to estimate the correlation between these histological parameters and carcass traits in pigs. A total of 230 crossbred Duroc$\times$(Yorkshire$\times$Landrace) pigs (149 gilts and 81 castrated male pigs) was evaluated. Carcass traits (carcass weight, backfat thickness, and loin eye area), muscle fiber size (crosssectional area, diameter, and perimeter), muscle fiber number (density of fibers/$mm^2$ and total number of fibers), and fiber type composition (percentages of myofibers and relative areas of each fiber type) were evaluated. Mean cross-sectional area (CSA) and type IIB fiber CSA were positively correlated to carcass weight, backfat thickness and loin eye area. Mean fiber CSA was mostly related to type IIB CSA (r=0.98) as a result of the high percentage of type IIB fibers in the longissimus muscle. Correlations between fiber diameters and perimeters were also high, and showed similar results with CSA. Mean fiber density was negatively correlated to carcass weight (r=-0.24), backfat thickness (r=-0.18) and loin eye area (r=-0.27). To the contrary, total fiber number was positively correlated with carcass weight (r=0.27) and loin eye area (r=0.53). Carcass weight and loin eyZe area were not significantly related to muscle fiber composition. For backfat thickness, there was an opposition between type IIA percentage, which was positively related and type IIB percentage, which was negatively related. Fiber type composition of type I and IIA fibers were negatively correlated to that of type IIB fibers (r=-0.67 to -0.74). In the present study, carcass weight and loin eye area were positively correlated to CSA and negatively correlated to fiber density. But, these relationships were generally low. The fiber density was strongly affected by muscle fiber size and the total fiber number was affected either by CSA of muscle fiber and loin eye area. Fiber type composition was much more related to their numerical abundance than their CSA.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.124-128
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• 2003

Dark brown Alpaca fiber was reduced in shade via selective bleaching with peroxide. Two selective oxidative bleaching methods were tested on alpaca top to assess their effectiveness for color removal and fiber quality properties. Color change, bundle strength, weight loss, fiber diameter, surface modification, dye-ability and dye wash fastness were assessed for both methods and compared with the original brown top. Bleach method 1 (BL-I) showed little surface modification, 5.8% weight loss and 2.4% strength loss. D1925 yellowness index was reduced to 74.3 from 83.1 and provided a good base for the dyeing of medium to deep shades. Bleach method 2 (BL-II) displayed considerable surface modification, 7.8% weight loss and 18% strength loss. BL-II also resulted in a mean diameter reduction of 1.9 micron during bleaching. Yellowness was reduced to 64.5 from 83.1 and provided a very good base for the dyeing of medium to deep shades. BL-I showed better exhaustion of the premetallised dye Lanaset Violet B than BL-II. Wash fastness for BL-II was 1 grey scale unit poorer than BL-I. BL-II showed far better color clarity at pale depths however the wash fastness of the finished product was not good enough to maintain the depth or clarity of the color. BL-I showed poorer clarity of color but exhibited better wash fastness results.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1761-1769
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• 2007

This experiment was conducted to determine the extent to which susceptibility to cortisol-induced follicle shutdown is influenced by fleece phentotype. Twenty Finewool (10 sheep low fibre diameter, low coefficient of fibre diameter-LL and 10 low fibre diameter, high coefficient of variation of fibre diameter-LH) and twenty Strongwool (10 low fibre diameter, low coefficient of variation of fibre diameter-HL and 10 high fibre diameter and high coefficient of variation of fibre diameter-HH) sheep of 9 months of age were individually penned in an animal house and were injected intramuscularly with an aqueous suspension of hydrocortisone acetate at a rate of 1.42 mg/kg body weight for a period of two weeks. Fibre diameter was measured from clipped tattooed patch wool samples. Follicle activity was measured by histological changes in skin biopsies taken weekly. Blood samples were collected at two-week intervals and plasma cortisol measured. Increased plasma cortisol concentration significantly (p<0.05) reduced clean wool production and mean fibre diameter dropped to its lowest level four weeks after commencement and two weeks after the cessation of cortisol injection. Elevation of plasma cortisol concentration significantly (p<0.0001) increased the percentage of inactive follicles two weeks after injection started. High fibre diameter groups (Strongwool sheep; i.e. HL+HH) had significantly (p<0.0001) higher percentage of follicle shutdown than low fibre diameter groups (Finewool sheep; i.e. LL+LH). Average percentage of shutdown follicles for Finewool (LL+LH) and Strongwool (HL+HH) Merino sheep was $9.8{\pm}0.9$ and $13.5{\pm}0.9$ respectively. Shutdown of primary follicles was more pronounced in Finewool than Strongwool sheep. There was no significant effect of coefficient of variation of fibre diameter on propensity to follicle shutdown induced by exogenous cortisol. It is concluded that elevation in plasma cortisol concentration is inhibitory to the normal activity of follicles in Strongwool sheep but that variation in fibre diameter has little or no effect.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제87권2호
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• pp.173-178
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• 1998

야생 차나무집단의 임분구조와 현존량의 관계를 파악하기 위하여 지역, 위도 등을 고려하여 12개 야생 차나무 집단을 선정하여 임분구조와 현존량을 조사하였다. 차나무 집단별 평균 근원직경은 집단별 평균 수령과 유의적인 상관관계가 있었으나 집단별 평균 수고, 밀도, 근원단면적은 집단별 평균수령과 유의적인 상관관계가 없었다. 관목층인 차나무 집단의 밀도와 근원단면적은 교목층의 흉고단면적과 유의적인 상관관계가 없었다. 차나무의 표본목 측정 결과 근원직경이 증가함에 따라 줄기와 가지, 뿌리의 건중량은 지수함수적으로 증가하였으며, 1년생 잎과 소지의 건중량은 직선적으로 증가하였다. 2년생 이상 잎 건중량의 경우 근원직경과 상관관계가 없었다. 근원직경이 증가함에 따라 줄기와 가지, 뿌리의 건중량이 증가하는 것은 근주당 줄기의 수가 증가하기 보다는 좋기의 평균 직경과 수고가 증가하기 때문이었다. 차나무 집단의 임목 전체 현존량은 1,162~11,474kg/ha, 주 이용 대상인 1년생 잎의 현존량은 165~1,341kg/ha로서 집단간 큰 차이가 있었으며, T/R율은 1.5~2.8의 범위를 보였다. 축적기관인 줄기와 가지, 뿌리의 현존량은 평균 수령, 평균 근원직경, 밀도와는 독립적이었으나 근원단면적과 유의적인 상관관계가 있었다. 생산기관인 1년생 잎과 소지의 현존량은 평균수령, 평균 근원직경과는 독립적이었으나, 근원단면적, 밀도와 유의적인 상관관계가 있었다.