• 태양에너지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 1991

본 연구는 장방형 발열체 주위에서의 열전달 특성을 고려하기 위하여 주위유체가 공기인 정상, 층류 상태하에서 수평단열판에 등온 사각비임이 부착된 경우 발열체 주위에서의 자연대류 열전달현상을 단열판의 경사각과 Rayleigh수를 변수로 하여 실험적으로 고찰하였다. 단열판의 경사각 ${\theta}$를 변화시킴으로써 비임의 수평 및 수직표면에 의해 형성되는 열상승류의 영향에 따라 서로 다른 온도장과 유동장이 형성되었고 ${\theta}=45^{\circ}$인 경우의 직각모서리를 제외한 나머지 직각모서리에서 가열된 상승류의 상호작용에 의해 국소 Nusselt수가 증가하였다. Rayleigh수가 증가함에 따라 ${\theta}=90^{\circ}$인 경우 $X_2$표면에서의 Thermal depression 현상이 가장 현저하였으며, ${\theta}=-45^{\circ}$인 경우 $X_1$ 표면에서의 유동 정체현상이 가장 심하였다. 단열판의 경사각을 변화시켜 실험 고찰한 결과 전평균 Nusselt수는 ${\theta}=45^{\circ}$인 경우 최대, ${\theta}=-45^{\circ}$인 경우 최소였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.217-225
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• 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality management systems of domestic asbestos survey and monitoring service providers and the relationships with the number of licenses or designations and sales performances. Methods: Data on quality management systems were collected by assessors who were assigned by the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency(KOSHA) during a pilot evaluation program for designated asbestos survey and monitoring service providers in 2016 using evaluation criteria developed by KOSHA. Basic characteristics, evaluated scores, and sales performance were gathered and statistically analyzed. Results: The median and arithmetic mean of the total scores were 0.64 and 0.66. Evaluation fields that scored highly with the highest percentages were sales performance, installation and availability of equipment, compliance with the mandatory minimum number of airborne samples, laboratory independence, and results of proficiency analytical testing, in that order. Evaluation fields that received low marks with the highest percentages were the training of personnel, blank field samples, calibration of flow rates, preliminary check and visual inspection of the work area prior to the clearance test, and review and approval of final reports, in that order. Comparison of normalized scores between service providers registered for asbestos and other tasks and those designated for only asbestos showed significant differences in their evaluated scores. Sales performance did not show a positive correlation with evaluated scores. Conclusions: The quality management systems of domestic asbestos survey and monitoring service providers were poor. High scores were recorded mostly in evaluation fields related to regulatory requirements. Low scores were recorded mostly in evaluation fields related to documentation and recordkeeping. Considering the low influence of quality on sales performance, the government needs to evaluate the quality management of asbestos survey and monitoring service providers and provide the results to public in order to address their low levels of quality management.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2022

본 연구는 대한해협 인근 입자추적 예측 기법의 정확도 개선을 위해서 해수유동 수치모델 결과를 이용하여 만든 입자추적 모델과 현장 관측 자료를 이용한 기계학습 기반 입자 추적 모델을 비교 및 분석하였다. 세부 연구 방법으로는 대한해협에서 관측된 표층 뜰개 이동 궤적 자료, 3개 관측소(가거도, 거제도, 교본초 관측소)의 조위 및 바람자료를 학습시켜 만든 기계 학습(선형 회귀, 의사결정나무) 기반 예측자료, 수치모델 예측자료(ROMS, MOHID)를 3가지 오차평가방법(CC, RMSE, NCLS)을 통해 비교하였다. 최종 결과로서 CC와 RMSE에서는 의사결정나무 모델의 예측 정확도가 가장 우수하였고 NCLS에서는 MOHID 모델의 예측 결과가 가장 우수하였다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2020년도 학술발표회
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• pp.85-85
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• 2020

South Korea experiences few large scale erosion and sedimentation problems, however, there are numerous local sedimentation problems. A reliable and consistent approach to modelling and management for sediment processes are desirable in the country. In this study, field measurements of sediment concentration from 34 alluvial river basins in South Korea were used with the Modified Einstein Procedure (MEP) to determine the total sediment load at the sampling locations. And then the Flow Duration-Sediment Rating Curve (FD-SRC) method was used to estimate the specific degradation for all gauging stations. The specific degradation of most rivers were found to be typically 50-300 tons/㎢·yr. A model tree data mining technique was applied to develop a model for the specific degradation based on various watershed characteristics of each watershed from GIS analysis. The meaningful parameters are: 1) elevation at the middle relative area of the hypsometric curve [m], 2) percentage of wetland and water [%], 3) percentage of urbanized area [%], and 4) Main stream length [km]. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of existing models is in excess of 1,250 tons/㎢·yr and the RMSE of the proposed model with 6 additional validations decreased to 65 tons/㎢·yr. Erosion loss maps from the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), satellite images, and aerial photographs were used to delineate the geospatial features affecting erosion and sedimentation. The results of the geospatial analysis clearly shows that the high risk erosion area (hill slopes and construction sites at urbanized area) and sedimentation features (wetlands and agricultural reservoirs). The result of physiographical analysis also indicates that the watershed morphometric characteristic well explain the sediment transport. Sustainable management with the data mining methodologies and geospatial analysis could be helpful to solve various erosion and sedimentation problems under different conditions.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.29-39
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• 1999

본 연구는 우리나라의 고속도로 기본구간에서 기상조건에 따른 도시고속도로 교통류의 특성을 분석한 것이다. 본 연구의 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 비가 올 경우 속도-교통류율간의 관계는 길어깨쪽 차로를 제외하고 차로별로 큰 차이가 없이 유사한 패턴을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째 교통류율-점유율간의 관계식은 비가 올 경우 그 관계성은 더 분명해지지만, 서비스교통류율이 약 200대/시/차로 정도 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 비가 올 경우 도로의 관측된 서비스교통류율은 맑은 날에 비해 약 10-20% 정도 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 결과는 1998 HCM에서 제시한 결과 및 교통류율-점유율 관계식의 기울기 감소 패턴과 일치한다. 넷째, 비가 올 경우 전체 차로의 소통능력은 맑은 날에 비해 감소하고 전반적으로 중앙분리대쪽 차로의 소통 능력이 길어깨쪽 차로에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났으나, 기상변화에 따른 차로별 임계속도와 임계점유율은 큰 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 도시고속도로 기본구간의 1개 지점에서 나타난 특성으로서 공간적 분포 특성을 고려하기 위해서는 향후 연구에서 다양한 조건을 갖는 도로지점에 대해 분석해야 할 것이다. 또한 비 뿐만 아니라 안개나 눈에 의 한 영향을 고려한 상세한 분석이 필요하다. 본 연구의 결과는 그간 일반적으로 알려졌던 내용과 큰 차이는 없지만 실제로 고속도로를 설계하거나 운영하는데 근거자료로 활용할 수 있는 자료를 제공하는 측면에서 의미가 있다고 판단되며, 도로용량편람을 개정 및 수정하는 과정에서 명확히 명시해야할 기초자료를 제공하고 있다.Bayesian pooling technique for estimating the dynamic link travel time of networks. The proposed algorithm has been validated using the field experiment data out of GPS probes and detectors over the roadways and the estimated link travel time from the algorithm is proved to be more useful than the mere arithmetic mean from each traffic source. the whole sentence(preceeding sentence and the accompanying sentence). The conjunctive endings are '-고₂, -으며₂, -다가₂, -어서, -고서, 을수록, -은데₂, -으면₂, -어야₂, -어도₂, -으니까₂, -거든₁,'etc. Type C can be interpreted as the neutralized tense of the preceeding sentence and the absolute tense of the accompanying sentence. The conjunctive endings are '-으러, -으려고, -고자, -도록, -게,'etc. Type D can be described as the relative tense of the part of the preceeding sentence and the

• 지질공학
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.245-255
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• 2005

균일한 지하수 유속을 가진 불균질한 등방성 대수층 내에서 정류상태로 흐르는 지하수의 흐름과 함께 이동해가는 비반응성 오염물질에 대한 삼차원 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션이 시행되었다. 로그-정규적으로 분포되어 있는 수리 전도도 K(x)가 임의 장으로 설정되었으며 시뮬레이션 동안에 발생 할 수 있는 불확실성을 감소하기 위해 여러 가지 방법들이 시도되었다. 3,200개 오염 운들에 대한 이차공간적률의 집합적평균 $$lt;S_{ij}'(t',l')$gt;$, 그리고 오염 운중심분산 $$lt;R_{ij}'(t',l')$gt;$이 각기 다른세가지 불균질도 $\omega^2_y1.0,$ 2.5 및 5.0에 대해서 시뮬레이션 되었으며 또한 각기 다른 크기의 평균속도에 수직방향인 선형초기오염원( l=1.5 및 10)에 대해서 입자추적이 행하여 졌다 시뮬레이션된 무차원 종적률들은 일차 근사법에 의한 비에르고딕 이론적 결과와 비교적 잘 일치 하나 시뮬레이션된 무차원 횡적률들은 일차근사법에 의한 이론적 결과들과 잘 일치하지 않으며 특히 불균질도가 큰 대수층에 대해서 그리고 초기 선형오염운의 크기가 작은 무차원 횡이차공간적률에 대해서 뚜렷하게 저평가 했다. 시뮬레이션된 집합적 평균이차적률은 에르고딕 상태에 도달하지 못했으며 일차근사법에 의한 에르고딕 용질 이동에 관한 횡이차공간적률은 시뮬레이션 결과를 저평가 했음을 보인다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.295-306
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• 2001

Objectives : The management of massive brain swelling remains an unsolved problem in neurosurgical field. Despite newly developed medical and pharmacological therapy, the mortality and morbidity due to massive brain swelling remains high. According to many recent reports, surgical decompression with dura expansion is superior to medical management in patients with massive brain swelling. We performed surgical treatment on the first line of treatment, and followed medical management in case with refractory increased intracranial pressure(ICP). To show the quantitative effect of decompressive surgery on the intracranial pressure, we performed ventricular puncture and checked the ventricular ICP continuously during the decompressive surgery and postoperative period. Materials and Methods : Fifty-one patients with massive brain swelling, undergoing bilateral decompressive craniectomy with dura expansion, were studied in this study. In all patients, ventricular puncture was performed at Kocher's point on the opposite side of massive brain swelling. The ventricular pressure was monitored continuously, during the bilateral decompression procedures and postoperative period. Results : The initial ventricular ICP were varied from 13mmHg to 112mmHg. Immediately after the bilateral craniectomy, mean ventricular ICP decreased to $53.1{\pm}15.8%$ of the initial ICP(ranges from 5mmHg to 87mmHg). Dura opening decreased mean ICP by additional 36.7% and made the ventricular pressure $16.4{\pm}10.5%$ of the initial pressure (ranges from 0mmHg to 28mmHg). Postoperatively, ventricular pressure was lowered to $20.2{\pm}22.6%$(ranged from 0mmHg to 62.3mmHg) of the initial ICP. The ventricular ICP value during the first 24 hours after decompressive surgery was found to be an important prognostic factor. If ICP was over 35mmHg, the mortality was 100% instead of additional medical(barbiturate coma therapy and hypothermia) treatments. Conclusion : Bilateral decompression with dura expansion is considered an effective therapeutic modality in ICP control. To obtain favorable clinical outcome in patients with massive brain swelling, early decision making on surgical management and proper patient selection are mandatory.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.406-414
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• 2017

An experimental study in a recirculating water channel was carried out to investigate the effect of large coherent structures to the skin friction on a flat plate. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique was used to quantify characteristic features of coherent structures growing to the boundary layer. In the PIV measurement, it is difficult to calculate the friction velocity near the wall region due to laser deflection and uncertainty so that Clauser fitting method at the logarithmic region was adopted to compute the friction velocity and compared with the one directly measured by the dynamometer. With changing the free-stream velocity from 0.5 m/s to 1.0 m/s, the activity of coherent structures in the logarithmic region was increased over three times in terms of Reynolds stress. The flow field was separated by Variable Interval Time Averaging (VITA) technique into the weak and the strong structure case depending on the existence large coherent structures in order to validate its effectiveness. The stream-wise velocity fluctuation was scanned through at the boundary thickness whether it had a large deviation from background flow. With coherent structures connected from near-wall to the boundary layer, mean wall shear stress was higher than that of weak structure case. Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) analysis was also applied to compare the energy budget between them at each free-stream velocity.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2016

A front-end loader (FEL) mounted on an agricultural tractor is one of the most commonly used implements to mechanize routine agricultural tasks. When the FEL is used with a loaded bucket, careful operation is required to maintain safety and avoid spillage when the tractor passes a bump because a change in the gravity center of the tractor due to varied loadings can affect the stability of the tractor. Use of a boom suspension system consisting of accumulators and orifice dampers can be instrumental in reducing pitching vibrations while increasing the handling performance of the FEL-mounted tractor. The objective of this research was to reduce bump shocks by adding an orifice and a flow control valve to the original hydraulic circuit composed solely of accumulators. A simulation study was performed using the SimulationX program to investigate the effects of an accumulator and an orifice-throttle damper on bump shocks. Results showed that the peak pressure on a boom cylinder and the vertical acceleration of a bucket were significantly affected by use of both an accumulator and an orifice damper. In a field test conducted with a 75-kW tractor, the peak pressure of the boom cylinder, and the root mean square (RMS) vertical acceleration of the bucket and seat were reduced by on average, 23.0, 42.2, and 44.9% respectively, as compared to those measured with the original accumulator system, showing that an improved design for the accumulator hydraulic circuit can reduce bump shocks. Further studies are needed to design a tractor suspension system that includes the effects of cabin suspension and tires as well as dynamic analysis.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.356-363
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• 2014

몇가지 LED 광질이 고구마 바이러스 무병묘의 생장과 포장생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. '신황미', '연황미', '맛나미' 등 3품종의 바이러스 무병묘를 20일간 담액수경 재배하여, 자연광하에서 10일간 순화시켜 30cm 크기의 삽수를 $75{\times}25cm$로 6월 10일 정식하여 흑색비닐로 멀칭재배하였다. LED 광질은 형광등(40W)을 대조구로 하여 적색(660nm), 청색(460nm), 적+청 8:2 및 적+청 7:3 혼합광을 사용하였다. 묘소질은 적+청(7:3) 혼합 LED에서 줄기신장, 줄기두께, 잎수 및 뿌리발달 등이 양호하여 건묘육성에 가장 효과적이었다. 정식 30일후, 포장 생존율은 적:청(7:3) 혼합 LED에서 형광등과 적색 LED보다 유의하게 높았으며, 품종간 차이는 없었다. 줄기길이, 줄기두께, 마디수 등의 지상부 생육특성도 LED 광질 및 품종간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 정식 120일후 지상부 생육특성에서도 줄기길이, 줄기두께, 마디수, 곁가지수, 생체중 등에서 LED 광질에 따른 유의성은 인정되지 않았으며, 줄기길이, 마디수, 줄기두께, 생체중 등에서 품종간에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 주당평균중, 평균괴근중 및 수량 등은 LED 광질에 따른 차이가 없었으며, 품종간에는 유의한 차이를 보였다. 품종간 수량은 '맛나미'와 '연황미'에서 '신황미'보다 유의하게 높았다.