• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.1365-1371
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• 2011

The intensity and duration of sexual behavior in Bos indicus was assessed through the continuous observation of sexual receptivity. Two groups of cows were formed: only synchronized (n = 50) and other group further superovulated (n = 20). An intravaginal implant that released progesterone over 9 d was used. After removing the implant, 25 mg of $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ was administered. In the superovulated group, the administration of 280 mg (Follicle stimulant hormone) FSH-P1 per cow with a decreasing dosage over 4 d was utilized. In both groups, behavioral observations began at the moment of implant removal. Sexual behavior was analyzed using a Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the mean of hours in estrus, effective mountings and number of mounts/hour during estrus. A nonparametric survival analysis was performed using the time in two ways: i) when an event happened it was placed in a 24 h timeframe and, ii) the time of observation in continuous form (96 h) assessing the difference between curves by the log rank test Chi-square. The only significant difference was the number of mounts/h during receptivity (p<0.05). In the superovulated group three periods of sexual activity during the day were identified, with these events being of greater frequency and duration than the synchronized group (p = 0.02); besides, the superovulated group began estrus before the synchronized group (p = 0.0035) when using the total period. In a simulation study, when the number of observations went from two (06:00-18:00) to three periods (06:00, 12:00 and 18:00) cows detected accurately (<6 h after the onset) increased more than 20%. The results show that superovulated cows presented greater intensity and duration of sexual activity in contrast with only synchronized animals.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.185-190
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• 2014

Influence of loneliness on human survival has been established epidemiologically, but genomic research remains undeveloped. We identified 34 loneliness-associated genes which were statistically significant for high-lonely and low-lonely individuals. With the univariate Cox proportional hazards regression model, we obtained corresponding regression coefficients for loneliness-associated genes fo individual cancer patients. Furthermore, risk scores could be generated with the combination of gene expression level multiplied by corresponding regression coefficients of loneliness-associated genes. We verified that high-risk score cancer patients had shorter mean survival time than their low-risk score counterparts. Then we validated the loneliness-associated gene signature in three independent brain cancer cohorts with Kaplan-Meier survival curves (n=77, 85 and 191), significantly separable by log-rank test with hazard ratios (HR) >1 and p-values <0.0001 (HR=2.94, 3.82, and 1.78). Moreover, we validated the loneliness-associated gene signature in bone cancer (HR=5.10, p-value=4.69e-3), lung cancer (HR=2.86, p-value=4.71e-5), ovarian cancer (HR=1.97, p-value=3.11e-5), and leukemia (HR=2.06, p-value=1.79e-4) cohorts. The last lymphoma cohort proved to have an HR=3.50, p-value=1.15e-7. Loneliness-associated genes had good survival prediction for cancer patients, especially bone cancer patients. Our study provided the first indication that expression of loneliness-associated genes are related to survival time of cancer patients.

• 아동학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1987

The purpose of the present research was to study the self-regulation of the child during mother child interaction. That is. this study focused on how mothers regulated children's problem solving efforts before children began to function as independent agents capable of self-regulation. The emphasis was on the "regulation-by-others" that preceded "self-regulation". The subjects of this study were 30 mother-child dyads. The dyads were divided into 3 groups of 10 dyads each on the basis of the child's age (2, 3, and 4 years of age). The instrument used for this study was the "truck puzzle" devised by Wertsch, McNamee, Mclane and Budwig (1980). The problem solving task in this study required the dyad to make a puzzle in accordance with the model puzzle. The interaction of 30 mother-child dyads was observed and analyzed flH verbal and non-verbal behavior used by the mother to regulate the child's behavior. One-way ANOVA, Scheffe post hoc comparision and Spearman's rank-difference correlation were used for the statistical analysis of the data. The results revealed that there were significant age trends in regulation-by-others and self regulation in joint cognitive activity; that is, there were developmental transitions from regulation by-others to self-regulation in connection with crucial strategic behavior (looking at the model). Significant differences were found in mothers' interventions after children's gaze at the model in joint cognitive activity; that is, the mean proportion of mothers' intervention for the 2-year-old group was the highest and that of the 4-year-old group was the lowest. There were no significant age-related differences in mothers' use of referential perspectives in joint cognitive activity. Children's regulation- by-others increased and children's self-regulation decreased in proportion to mothers' use of referential perspectives.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권21호
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• pp.9199-9202
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• 2014

Background: Kurdish women with breast cancer have more unfavorable prognostic factors than their Turkish and Arab counterparts. However, the effects of these factors on breast cancer survival among these ethnic groups remain unclear. We therefore investigated the impact of ethnicity on survival in breast cancer patients in Turkey. Materials and Methods: Ethnicity, age, stage at diagnosis, tumor characteristics, treatments given (surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormone therapy), and survival times were recorded. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate the overall survival times and survival plots. Log-rank test was used to compare the survival curves.Results: Of the 723 breast cancer patients included in the study, 496 (68.7%) were Turkish, 189 (26.2%) were Kurdish, 37 (5.1%) were Arabic and 1 was Armenian. Kurdish women with breast cancer had larger tumor sizes and higher rates of hormone receptor negative tumors than Turkish and Arab patients. Mean follow-up time was 118.4 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 95.4-141.3] months, and it was 129.9 (95% CI: 93.7-166.2), 124.2 (95% CI: 108.4-140.1) and 103.1 (95% CI: 85.9-120.4) months for Turkish, Arabic and Kurdish patients, respectively. Conclusions: Kurdish ethnicity is associated with higher rates of hormone receptor negative and triple-negative tumors and with worse survival. Clinical and epidemiological research is warranted to elucidate reasons underlying overall survival, variations in tumor biology, differences in treatment responsiveness, and effects of social factors among ethnic groups in Turkey.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.137-148
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• 1999

The study was attempted to survey the pay and job satisfaction of clinical nurses in some hospitals. The period was Jan 6th through Jan 27th. 1997 and the subjects were 277 nurses working in 5 hospitals in Pusan city. This study was based on questionnaires which focused on the pay and job satis faction of the nurses. The following instruments were used for collecting the data: PSQ. JDI and MSQ on the scale of 1 being lowest to 5 being highest satisfaction. The analysis of collected data was executed by using SPSS/PC+. The results were as follows: 1. The main age level was 26-30 and the portion was 44.4%. The Mean of the monyhly pay was 930 ${\pm}$130 thousand won. 2. The average point of pay satisfaction was 2.17${\pm}$.61. 3. The average point of job satisfaction was 2.87 ${\pm}$.66. 4. The factors which affect the pay satisfaction were 'the size of hospital'. 'the joining of labor unions' and 'the amount of pay' . 5. The factors which affect the job satisfaction were 'the size of hospital'. 'the job rank' and 'the amount of In conclusion, nurses are not satisfied with their job and pay levels because of the size of the hospital and the amount of pay, In order to solve the problem of turnover. medium-sized hospitals need to standardize and modify the levels of pay, the structure and the system according to standards well established by large-sized hospitals.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.123-131
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• 2003

This study was to compare the functional status. complication and readmission rates. and client satisfaction with nursing care of home-based care and hospital-based care for clients with Coronary Artery Bypass Graft. Raw data were collected by interviewing and reviewing charts of 41 clients with Coronary Artery Bypass Graft between June 2001 and July 2002 at an university hospital located in Seoul. Korea. Out of 41 clients. 15 were in home care group and 26 were in hospitalization group. The baseline characteristics of the groups were almost identical. Mean age was 61.7 and 75.6% of clients being male. For home care group. the data collection was made at discharge and at termination of home care. and for hospitalization group. at discharge and at the first visit of outpatient department. Complication and readmission rates were investigated at one month after operation. Collected data were then analysed by conducting Chi-square test. Wilcoxon rank sum test. and Wilcoxon signed ranks test with SPSS program. The level of significance was .05. The results of the study are summarized as follows: 1. Postoperative length of stay of the home care group was shorter than that of hospitalization group by 1. 14 days(8.45 days vs. 9.59 days). On average. 1.8 home visits per client were observed. 2. The functional status (Barthel Index) at the termination of home care was significantly increased from that at discharge. For hospitalization group. a significant increase was observed between the functional status at the discharge and that at the first visit of outpatient department. The differencies in incremental of the scores. between the groups. were however not significant. 3. Complication and readmission rates; no statistically significant difference between the groups was observed. 4. The client satisfaction with nursing care (CSS) at termination of home care was significantly higher than that at hospital discharge. In conclusion. the outcomes of the analysis suggest that the home care benefits clients with Coronary Artery Bypass Graft. Client satisfaction with nursing care rises at termination of home care as compare to that measured at hospital discharge. Meanwhile. there was no significant differences in functional status. and complication and readmission rates. Further. home care reduced the length of stay in hospital.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.270-274
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• 2010

Introduction: Limited mouth opening is a representative clinical symptom of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) with anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDWOR). Various treatment methods have been proposed for patients with ADDWOR. This study examined the clinical effectiveness of template therapy for patients with mouth opening difficulty due to the ADDWOR. Material and Methods: A total of 14 patients (female 12, male 2, average age: $29.1{\pm}14.4$), who had been treated in the template clinic, Sooncheonhyang University Bucheon Hospital, from January of 2006 to December of 2008, were enrolled in this study. The subjects were selected according to the following criteria: more than 2 weeks after the onset of locking, mouth opening range <35 mm, and confirmed ADDWOR without a synovial pathology by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All patients were treated with the template appliance, instructed to wear it while sleeping and exercise for at least 10 hours per day. The maximum mouth opening (MMO) range and pain recognition scores before and after template therapy were recorded and compared. A paired t-test and Wilcoxon's signed rank test were used for statistical analysis. Results: After the periodical follow up, significant improvement in the opening range was observed in the template treatment group. The average MMO range before treatment was $30.2{\pm}3.5mm$ and the average MMO after treatment and follow up was $47.1{\pm}4.7mm$. The mean amount of mouth opening increment was $16.9{\pm}5.4mm$ (P<0.01) and the pain recognition scores before and after treatment was also improved.(P=0.001) Conclusion: The template appliance proved to be efficient for the treatment of TMD with a closed lock and painful joint due to ADDWOR.

• 복식
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.61-78
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• 2008

Comedy costumes worn on the comedians/gag men express the information of the performances such as character's era, place, social rank, present environment, age, sex, occupation, emotion, relationships between the characters, importance and mood in visual language. The comic is found when these informations are reversed, revealed, exaggerated or distorted. To analyse the TV comedy costumes, 5 subordinate concepts of the comic which are Body, Gender, Age, T.P.O.(Time, Place, Occasion) and Role could be identified, and the results from the analysis focused on (10 shows were selected from each of the first and second half of the years from 2003 to 2007) are as follows: Distorted and ugly body implies the resistance against the ideal body. Reversed or confused sex are usually expressed as men dressed in women, and these mean breaking the dichotomy between male and female, and coexistence of the masculinity and feminity, and satirizing the social custom restricting women by moral rules. It could be recognized that the way of men's dressing in women have been changing keeping pace with the times. The discord between age and costume was often expressed with children's wear and childish props. This implies the liberation from the age role. The comic expressed from the inadequate costume for T.P.O. usually appeared with the costumes 20-30years behind the times. When there were discordance with the acts and acts expected from the outfit(appearance) also made an ironical laugh. The comics acquired by vulgarization and exaggeration of the characteristics of role(figures/occupation) were from the imitation and deformation of the objects in stereotypes, and through this dissolving the custom was under way.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.3697-3701
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• 2015

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CHCA) is serious public health problem in Thailand, especially in the northeastern and northern regions. CHCA is known as one of the most aggressive malignant tumors associated with local invasion and a high rate of metastasis. A crucial step in the invasion process is the proteolytic degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and basal membranes, for which several studies have shown a critical role played by matrix metalloproteinase-11 (MMP-11). Objective: This study aim to detect MMP-11 expression in CHCA specimens and any correlation with survival time. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 30 patients with CHCA in Rajvithi hospital, who had undergone immunohistochemical staining of MMP-11. Relationships between clinicopathological data and MMP-11 expression in CHCA specimens were analyzed by the ${\chi}^2$ test or Fisher's exact test. The estimated survival and the survival differences were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test, respectively. Results: MMP-11 expression was found in 15 specimens (50%). The overall mean survival time is 237.0 days (95% CI 135.4-338.5, SD 271.9). Specimens with a positive MMP-11 had an average survival time of 136.7 days (95%CI 50.3-223.1, SD 156.0). Survival differences was signficant for the positive and negative MMP-11(p=0.022), but not well differentiated tumor and moderate to poor differentiated tumor (p=0.755), CA19-9 level of >1,000 and <1,000 (p=0.488), and between advanced and non-advanced staging (p=0.388). Conclusions: The positive MMP-11 expression indicates poor prognosis in CHCA specimens.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.3923-3926
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• 2015

Background: Lung cancer is a fatal malignancy with high mortality and short survival time. The aim of this study was to estimate survival rates of Iranian patients with lung cancer and its associate predictive factors. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 355 patients admitted to hospitals of West Azerbaijan in the year 2007. The patients were followed up by phone calls until the end of June 2014. The survival rate was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test for comparison. The Cox's proportional hazard model was used to investigate the effect of various variables on patient survival time, including age, sex, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance, smoking status, tumor type, tumor stage, treatment, metastasis, and blood hemoglobin concentration. Results: Of the 355 patients under study, 240 died and 115 were censored. The mean and median survival time of patients was 13 and 4.8 months, respectively. According to the results of Kaplan-Meier method, 1, 2, and 3 years survival rates were 39%, 18%, and 0.07%, respectively. Based on Cox regression analysis, the risk of death was associated with ECOG group V (1.83, 95% CI: 1 Conclusions: The survival time of the patients with lung cancer is very short. While early diagnosis may improve the life expectancy effective treatment is not available.