• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 1975

In orthodontic field, the study on gnathostatic model is very important to the diagnosis and analysis of malocclusion. The purpose of this study is to observe that relation of orbital plane and upper canine in Koreans. We selected 230 cases with normal occlusion, 124 male and 106 female cases aged from 12 years to 25 years, to prepare 230 gnathostatic models, and measured the distance from midpoint of mesio-distal distance of upper canine to orbital plane in gnathostatic model. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The mean value of the distance from upper canine to orbital plane showed no significant change with age. 2) The mean value of the distance from the upper canine to orbital plane was -3.11mm in male and -3.84mm in female. 3) The orbital plane passed through the upper canine in normal occlusion of Koreans.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.137-143
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• 1999

GPS 관측에 의해서 획득된 경사거리나. WGS84 타원체상에서의 거리를 현행측량 성과로 사용하기 위해서 는 이 거리를 지오이드면으로 보정해 주어야 하며, 보정에 고려되는 요인으로는 지오이드고와 타원체의 평균 곡률반경이 있다. 본 연구에서는 이 요인들이 거리에 미치는 영향을 분석하였으며 기준타원체상에서의 거리를 현행측량 성과로 보정하기 위하여 단위거리당 평균지오이드고의 $1.6\times{10}^{-7}$배의 거리보정의 필요성을 보여주었다. 동일한 거리를 베셀타원체에 투영하였을 때와 지오이드면에 투영하였을 때, 우리나라에서 베셀타원체의 지오이드고가 남동부에서 -45 m, 중서부에서 -75 m임을 고려하면 km당 약 7-12 mm 정도의 차이를 보였다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.139-145
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• 1996

This study was carried out to investigate the scapular rhythm of normal persons. 16 persons was no disease, injury and after-effect in period for July 1, 1996 to July 14, 1996. The statistical measures were performed by SPSS/PC t-test for classification. The result of this study were as follow : 1. There was a significant difference between the body median line and scapular superior angle from the mean distance in 83.4 mm of male and 86.0 mm of female to shoulder neutral position(p<0.05). 2. The mean distance of body median line between scapular inferior angle was 97.9 mm of male and 92.0 mm of female to shoulder neutral position. 3. There was a significant difference between the body median line and scapular inferior angle from the mean distance with male and female to shoulder abduction $90^{\circ}$ position(p<0.05). 4. The mean angle of body median line between scapular angle was $6.4^{\circ}$ of male and $4.4^{\circ}$ of female with shoulder neutral position. 5. The mean ratio of scapular rhythm was 5.6 : 1 in shoulder abduction of $90^{\circ}$ and 5.1 : 1 in shoulder abduction of 180.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제66권2호
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• pp.439-446
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• 2017

Portable low-cost Kinect sensor was used to analyze standing balance ability of the elderly. Eighty subjects who can walk alone and have a normal cognitive level participated in this experiment. Based on Berg Balance scale (BBS) test with 52 points, subjects were divided into Healthy older (HO: 46 persons, BBS: $53.80{\pm}1.19$) and Impaired older (IO: 34 persons, BBS: $49.06{\pm}2.03$) group. Each subject performed 30 seconds four different standing balance tests (EO: Eyes Open, EC: Eyes Close, EOf: Eyes Open on foam, ECf: Eyes Close on foam). Five variables (Mean distance, Range of distance, Root mean square, Mean velocity, 95% ellipse area) were calculated from the hip joint center movement of Kinect sensor. Results showed that there were significant differences between groups for four different standing tests. Calculated variables from kinect sensor showed significant correlation with BBS score. Especially, mediolateral mean distance, mediolateral root mean square, mediolateral range of distance and 95% ellipse area showed discriminative ability for all tests. Mean values of variables of IO were higher than those of HO, which means the decreased balance ability in IO compared with HO. Therefore, it was possible to estimate simple balance assessment of the elderly using portable low-cost Kinect sensor.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2007

In this paper, laser vision sensor is used to detect some defects any $co_{2}$ welded specimen in hardware. But, as the best expression of defects of welded specimen, the concept of segment splitting method and mean distance are introduced in software. The developed GUI software is used for deriding whether any welded specimen makes as proper shape or detects in real time. The criteria are based upon ISO 5817 as limits of imperfections in metallic fusion welds.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.321-331
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• 2015

The K-means clustering algorithm is a popular and widely used method for clustering. For covariance matrices, we consider a geodesic clustering algorithm based on the K-means clustering framework in consideration of symmetric positive definite matrices as a Riemannian (non-Euclidean) manifold. This paper considers a geodesic clustering algorithm for data consisting of symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrices, utilizing the Riemannian geometric structure for SPD matrices and the idea of a K-means clustering algorithm. A K-means clustering algorithm is divided into two main steps for which we need a dissimilarity measure between two matrix data points and a way of computing centroids for observations in clusters. In order to use the Riemannian structure, we adopt the geodesic distance and the intrinsic mean for symmetric positive definite matrices. We demonstrate our proposed method through simulations as well as application to real financial data.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2017

Purpose: This study measured return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in relation to dispatch distance in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Methods: Of 2,347 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients transported by emergency medical technicians in J Province between January 1 and December 31, 2015, those under age 18, those with reserved resuscitation, and those with traumatic cardiac arrest, leaving 855 patients in the study sample. ROSC was compared between those with dispatch distance ${\leq}4km$ (short dispatch distance, 465 patients) and those with dispatch distance >4 km (long dispatch distance, 390 patients). Results: The mean was 2.17 km in the short dispatch group and 9.87 km in the long dispatch group (p=.000). Mean distance from was 6.49 km and 13.39 km in the two groups, respectively (p=.000). ROSC differed significantly between the short and long dispatch distance groups (7.1% for short dispatch distance, 3.6% for long dispatch distance, p=.025). The length of time from to cardiopulmonary resuscitation also differed significantly between the short and long dispatch distance groups (8.77 minutes and 14.63 minutes, respectively, p=.000). Conclusion: ROSC was lower in areas of long dispatch distance compared to those of short dispatch distance. We expect this was most likely due to differences in response time by age and dispatch distance to the scene of cardiac arrest. However, no significant differences were found between the groups in the factors affecting ROSC.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.101-105
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• 2008

목적: 본 연구는 Carl Zeiss사의 Pola Test E-II를 이용하여 성인 대상자의 평균 원거리 입체시를 측정하였으며, 사위 교정에 따른 원거리 입체시의 변화를 평가하였다. 방법: 성인(19~46세) 50명(남 29명, 여 21명)을 대상으로 Pola Test E-II의 D6 Circle 시표와 D8 Line 시표를 이용하여 원거리 입체시를 조사하였다. 결과: 원거리 평균 입체시는 D6 Circle 검사의 경우에 159.6초, D8 Line 검사의 경우에 149.4초를 각각 나타냈다. 사위성분과 사위량에 따른 사위교정 전 후 원거리 입체시의 변화는 D6 Circle 검사의 경우에 외사위는 평균 43.2초 증가하였으며, 내사위는 평균 51초 증가하였다. D8 Line 검사의 경우에 외사위는 평균 42초 증가하였으며, 내사위는 평균 70.2초 증가하였다. 결론: 입체시 검사 결과로부터 내사위인 경우에 외사위인 경우보다 사위교정 후 입체시가 더 크게 향상됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2001

This paper presents the atomization characteristics of single hole injector in the direct injection type diesel engine. The spray characteristics of fuel injector such as the droplet size and velocity were measured by phase Doppler particle analyzer. In this paper, the atomization characteristics of fuel spray are investigated for the experimental analysis of the measuring data by the results of mean diameter and mean velocity of droplet. The effect of fuel injection pressure on the droplet size shows that the higher injection pressure results in the decrease of mean droplet diameter in the fuel spray. The minimum size of fuel spray droplet appears on the location of 40mm axial distance from nozzle exit of diesel injector. Based on the experimental results, the correlation between the droplet diameter and mean velocity of the diesel spray due to the change of axial and radial distance from the nozzle tip were investigated.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제26권5_6호
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• pp.1169-1183
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• 2008

In this paper, a method to find the weighted possibilistic variance and moments about the mean value of fuzzy numbers via applying a difuzzification using minimizer of the weighted distance between two fuzzy numbers is introduced. In this way, we obtain the nearest weighted point with respect to a fuzzy number, this main result is a new and interesting alternative justification to define of weighted mean of a fuzzy number. Considering this point and the weighted distance quantity, we introduce the weighted possibilistic mean (WPM) value and the weighted possibilistic variance(WPV) of fuzzy numbers. This paper shows that WPM is the nearest weighted point to fuzzy number and the WPV of fuzzy number is preserved more properties of variance in probability theory so that it can simply introduce the possibilistic moments about the mean of fuzzy numbers without problem. The moments of fuzzy numbers play an important role to estimate of parameters, skewness, kurtosis in many of fuzzy times series models.