• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.8-17
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• 2017

Purpose: Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an indicator of arterial stiffness, and is considered a marker of vascular damage. However, a genome-wide association study analyzing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) has not been conducted in healthy populations. We performed this study to identify SNPs associated with baPWV in healthy populations in Korea. Materials and Methods: Genomic SNPs data for 2,407 individuals from three sites were analyzed as part of the Korean Genomic Epidemiologic Study. Without replication samples, we performed multivariable analysis as a post hoc analysis to verify the findings in site adjusted analysis. Healthy subjects aged between 40 and 70 years without self-reported history or diagnosis of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and cancer were included. We excluded subjects with a creatinine level >1.4 mg/dL (men) and 1.2 mg/dL (women). Results: In the site-adjusted association analysis, significant associations (P<$5{\times}10^{-8}$) with baPWV were detected for only 5 SNPs with low minor allele frequency. In multivariable analysis adjusted by age, sex, height, body mass index, mean arterial pressure, site, smoking, alcohol, and exercise, 11 SNPs were found to be associated (P<$5{\times}10^{-8}$) with baPWV. The 5 SNPs (P<$5{\times}10^{-8}$) linked to three genes (OPCML, PRR35 and RAB40C) were common between site-adjusted analysis and multivariable analysis. However, meta-analysis of the result from three sites for the 11 SNPs showed no significant associations. Conclusion: Using the recent standard for genome-wide association study, we did not find any evidence of significant association signals with baPWV.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.61 no.6
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• pp.187-193
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• 2018

Purpose: The efficacy of percutaneous stent implantation for congenital heart disease (CHD) in Korea, where stent availability is limited, has not been determined. This study evaluated the acute and midterm results of stent implantation in different CHD subgroups. Methods: Stents were implanted in 75 patients with 81 lesions: (1) pulmonary artery stenosis (PAS) group, 56 lesions in 51 patients; (2) coarctation of the aorta (CoA) group, 5 lesions in 5 patients; (3) Fontan group, 13 lesions in 12 patients; (4) ductal stent group, 3 lesions in 3 patients; and (5) other CHD group, 4 lesions in 4 patients. Mean follow-up duration was 2.1 years (0.1-4 years). Medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Results: The minimum lumen diameter (MLD) in PAS and CoA increased from $5.0{\pm}1.9mm$ and $8.4{\pm}1.6mm$ to $10.1{\pm}3.6mm$ and $12.3{\pm}2.5mm$, respectively (P<0.01). In the PAS group, pressure gradient decreased from $25.7{\pm}15.6mmHg$ to $10.4{\pm}10.1mmHg$, and right ventricular to aortic pressure ratio from $0.56{\pm}0.21$ to $0.46{\pm}0.19$. In the CoA group, the pressure gradient decreased from $50{\pm}33mmHg$ to $17{\pm}8mmHg$. In the ductal stent group, the MLD of the ductus increased from 2.3 mm to 4.3 mm and arterial oxygen saturation from 40%-70% to 90%. No deaths were associated with stent implantation. Stent migration occurred in 3 patients, but repositioning was successful in all. Stent redilation was performed successfully in 26 cases after $29{\pm}12months$. Conclusion: Percutaneous stent implantation was safe and effective, with acceptable short and mid-term outcomes in Korean CHD patients.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.44.1-44.15
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• 2021

Background: Intraoperative fluids are still poorly studied in veterinary medicine. In humans the dosage is associated with significant differences in postoperative outcomes. Objectives: The aim of this study is to verify the influence of three different fluid therapy rates in dogs undergoing video-assisted ovariohysterectomy. Methods: Twenty-four female dogs were distributed into three groups: G5, G10, and G20. Each group was given 5, 10, and 20 mL·kg^-1·h^-1 of Lactate Ringer, respectively. This study evaluated the following parameters: central venous pressure, arterial blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, acid-base balance, and serum lactate levels. Additionally, this study evaluated the following urinary variables: urea, creatinine, protein to creatinine ratio, urine output, and urine specific gravity. The dogs were evaluated up to 26 h after the procedure. Results: All animals presented respiratory acidosis during the intraoperative period. The G5 group evidenced intraoperative oliguria (0.80 ± 0.38 mL·kg^-1·h^-1), differing from the G20 group (2.17 ± 0.52 mL·kg^-1·h^-1) (p = 0.001). Serum lactate was different between groups during extubation (p = 0.036), with higher values being recorded in the G5 group (2.19 ± 1.65 mmol/L). Animals from the G20 group presented more severe hypothermia at the end of the procedure (35.93 ± 0.61℃) (p = 0.032). Only the members of the G20 group presented mean potassium values below the reference for the species. Anion gap values were lower in the G20 group when compared to the G5 and G10 groups (p = 0.017). Conclusions: The use of lactated Ringer's solution at the rate of 10 mL·kg^-1·h^-1 seems to be beneficial in the elective laparoscopic procedures over the 5 or 20 mL·kg^-1·h^-1 rates of infusion.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the effects of Gleditsiae spina(GS) on changes in cerebral blood flow in rats. Methods : The present study was investigated regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure(MABP) in rats. In addtion, the present study also investigated action mechanisms of GS on changes in rCBF and MABP by Pre-treatment with indomethacin(IDM) and methylene blue(MTB), an inhibitor of a vasodepressor material. Results : Treatment with GS elevated rCBF in dose-dependent manner, but MABP levels were not affected by treatment with GS. Pre-treatment with indomethacin(IDM), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, inhibited increase of rCBF effectively. And pre-treatment with methylene blue(MTB), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, inhibited increase of rCBF induced by GS too. In addition, Pre-treatment with MTB inhibited increase of MABP too. But, pre-treatment with IDM did not affect MABP levels. Conclusions : These results suggest that GS is effective to treat patient with disease related to cerebral ischemia, because GS can increase rCBF. In addition, the mechanisms are thought to be related to both of cyclooxygenase and guanylate cyclase pathways.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2016

Purpose: Beta blocker (BB) has been prescribed for anxiety and panic disorder. Patients intoxicated by psychiatric drugs have often been exposed to BB. Moreover, BB overdose has adverse effects including cardiovascular effects, which can be life-threatening. This study was conducted to identify the characteristics of BB intoxication with psychiatric drugs and the adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. Methods: A single center, retrospective study was performed from January 2010 to December 2015. A total of 4,192 patients visited the emergency department (ED) with intoxication, and 69 with BB intoxication were enrolled. Results: Overall, 64 patients (92.8%) of enrolled patients were intoxicated with drugs prescribed for the purpose of psychiatric disorders. Propranolol was the most common BB (62 cases, 96.2%), and the median dose was 140.0 mg (25%-75% 80.0-260.0). Twenty-four patients (37.5%) had experienced cardiovascular events, and these patients tended to have decreased mentality, hypotension and coingestion with quetiapine. An initial mean arterial pressure (MAP) below 65 mmHg (odds ratio 10.069, 95% confidence interval 1.572-64.481, p=0.015) was identified as a factor of cardiovascular event upon multiple logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Initial MAP below 65 mmHg was a factor of cardiovascular adverse effect in patients of BB intoxication with psychiatric drugs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.929-934
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• 2001

The physiological role of brain somatostatin in the central regulation of feed intake in sheep was investigated through a continuous intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of somatostastin 1-28 (SRIF) at a small dose of $5{\mu}g/0.2ml/hr$ for 98.5 hours from day 1 to day 5. Sheep (n=5) were fed for 2 hours once a day, and water and 0.5 M NaCI solution were given ad libitum. Feed, water and salt intake were measured during ICV infusion of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and SRIF. The feed intake during SRIF infusion on days 2 to 5 increased significantly compared to that during CSF infusion. Water intake, when compared to that during CSF infusion, only increased significantly on day 4. NaCI intake during SRIF infusion was not different from that during CSF infusion. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate during SRIF infusion were not different from those during CSF infusion. The plasma concentrations of Na, K, Cl, osmolality and total protein during SRIF infusion were also not different from those values during CSF infusion.There are two possible mechanisms, that is, the suppression of brain SRIF on feed suppressing hormones and the direct actions on brain mechanisms controlling feed intake, explaining how SRIF works in the brain to bring about increases in feed intake in sheep fed on hay. The results indicate that brain SRIF increases feed intake in sheep fed on hay.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of a trauma team's management. Methods: A total of 181 patients with severe trauma were retrospectively divided into two groups. Of these 181 patients, 81 patients without a trauma team admitted between April and October 2008 were assigned to Group 1, and 100 patients with a Trauma team admitted between April and October 2009 were assigned to Group II. We compared general characteristics, the length of stay in the emergency department (ED) and treatment outcomes (24-h packed RBC transfusion, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, length of hospital stay, in-hospital mortality, 24-h mortality) between these two groups. Results: The length of stay in the ED was significantly reduced in Group II compared to Group I ($p$=0.025). No significant differences were found in mean arterial pressure, Glasgow Coma Scale, Revised Trauma Score, Injury Severity Score, in-hospital mortality and 24-h mortality between the two groups. However, Group II had a lower amount of 24-h packed RBC transfusion and a shorter length of ICU and hospital stay than Group I, although these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Through the establishment of a trauma team, the length of stay in the ED can be reduced remarkably. Furthermore, the need for 24-h packed RBC transfusions and the length of stay in the ICU and hospital were found to be decreased in patients managed by a trauma team.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.138-144
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• 2000

The studies were carried out to investigate the effects of esophageal thermal tube for rewarming in the hypothermia in rabbits. Thiry-one rabbits were continuously cooled with femoral arterio-venous bypass circulation to 25.0${\pm}$0.3$^{\circ}C$(profound hypothermia) of rectal temperature. The experiment was consisted with 3 esophageal thermal tube groups perfused with circulation water at 38${\pm}$1$^{\circ}C$(low, n=12), 42${\pm}$1$^{\circ}C$(medium, n=12), and 45${\pm}$1$^{\circ}C$(high, n=7). Esophageal thermla tube specially constructed double-lumen esophageal tube with circulating warm water at respective htermal grade. With this device, rewarming of the rabbits as follows; High-esophageal thermal tube group(45${\pm}$1$^{\circ}C$)had a more effect on mean arterial pressure(MAP), heart rate(HR), esophageal temperature, and rectal temperature than others groups, but the circulation water at 45$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$ may cause thermal injuries in the esophagus because esophageal temperature increased to 41.1$^{\circ}C$. Medium-esophageal thermal tube group(42${\pm}$1$^{\circ}C$) had a more effect on RR than others groups, but the circulation water at 42${\pm}$1$^{\circ}C$ may also cause thermal injuries in the esophagus if the temperature exceeds 42$^{\circ}C$ for an extended period of time because its esophageal temperature increased to 39.4$^{\circ}C$. Low-esophageal thermal tube group(38${\pm}$1$^{\circ}C$) had a more effect on MAP, RR, and esophageal temperature than others groups. In conclusion, rewarming of the central core in the treatment of profound hypothermia using the esophageal thermal tube perfused with circulation water at 38${\pm}$1$^{\circ}C$ appears to be a ideal alternative safety zone of the temperature of circulation water avoiding thermal injury in esophagus causing by out of order or lower precise thermostat of water bath to that of others groups.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 1997

Background : This study was designed to evaluate the continuous effects of single intravenous injection of antiemetics on nausea and vomiting during continuous morphine injection for postoperative pain control. Methods : Prior to the study, we divided patients into two major groups according to the type of surgery performed intra-abdominal(Open: O) and non intra-abdominal(Close: C). When patients regained orientation after routine general anesthesia, enflurane-$O_2-N_2O$, we injected bolus dose of morphine and started continuous injection of morphine for postoperative pain control(Group I; Control). After bolus injection and just before continuous injection, we injected single dose of droperidol(Group II) or ondansetron(Group III). Mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, pain score and symptom-therapy score were checked at 10 minutes, 4, 8, 16, 24, 36 hours after continuous morphine injection. Results : The pain score of group III was lower than group II(10 min.) and group I(24, 36 hours) in the open group. Symptom-therapy score of group III(10 min., 4, 24 hours) and group II(10 min.) were lower than group I in the open group. In the close group, symptom-therapy score of group III(8 hours) was lower than group I. Conclusions : Single intravenous injection of antiemetics have a tendency of lowering symptom-therapy score for 36 hours in spite of their relatively short elimination half-life.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 2007

Moderns have desire likely to be further good-looking concomitant with a qulitative advancement of the life. Orthognathic surgery for the correction of dentofacial deformities is a common elective procedure. It's possible to occur many complication during the operations and especially, an excessive bleeding of those may be fatal and so a tranfusion is performing for the prevention and management of that. The most notable of these for reduction of blood loss is the utilization of induced hypotensive anesthetic technique to reduce the mean arterial pressure between 55 and 60 mmHb. Another method for dealing with blood loss following orthognathic surgery is the transfusion of blood obtained as an autologous tranfusion or from banked blood. Some of the disadvantage of banked blood are overcome with the use of predeposited autologous transfusion. But currently, surgeons try so that even autologous transfusion may not transfuse the patients. We made a comparative study of hematologic change and transfusion requirement based on a series of 200 patients who had an orthognathic surgical procedure at Chonbuk National University during the period 2001-2005. This study is to make a comparative analysis of an post-operative hematologic (Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, Red blood cell) change and duration of the procedure under induced hypotensive anesthesia in healthy orthognathic patients.