• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2010

Because ammonia from livestock production may substantially contribute to environmental pollution, emissions from all possible sources (housing systems, manure storage, manure application, outside grazing) should be reduced. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different bedding materials on ammonia emissions in a cow house. By applying a combination of four treatment types: treatment $1-T_1$ (sawdust (50%)+sawdust pellets (50%)), treatment $2-T_2$ (sawdust (50%)+corn stalk pellets (50%)), treatment $3-T_3$ (sawdust (100%)), and treatment $4-T_4$ (sawdust (50%)+palm kernel meal pellets(50%)) as bedding materials in a cow house, the effects of such treatments on ammonia flux were assessed in approximately one month. The magnitude of ammonia emissions (mg $m^{-2}\;min^{-1}$) varied in the following order: $T_1$(2.226), $T_4$(2.052), $T_2$(1.845), and $T_3$(1.712). The patterns of pH had a decreasing trend for all bedding treatments during the experiment, and there was no significant relationship with ammonia flux. The results reveal that the most important factor influencing ammonia emissions is the physical structure of the bedding types.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2002

Nine crossbred castrated lambs fitted with rumen and duodenum cannula and fed a diet of hay and concentrate formulated with ground corn and soybean meal as main ingredients were used to assess the duodenal ideal amino acid pattern. Three synthetic amino acid mixtures with different profile of essential amino acids were duodenally infused in order to get three different amino acid patterns flowing into the duodenum. The mixtures were designed to have similar amino acid profile as rumen microbial protein (Pm), casein (Pc) and modified muscle amino acid (Pmm). Results showed a lower urine nitrogen excretion (p=0.05), a higher nitrogen retention (p=0.04) and bodyweight gain with treatment Pmm. The modified muscle amino acid pattern also promoted a lower ratio of Gly to other amino acids in plasma (Gly/OAA) and a higher RNA and RNA/DNA concentration in the liver of the sheep. Meanwhile, the urea concentration in plasma was reduced and the insulin concentration was increased with Pmm treatment. No differences in glucose and growth hormone concentration in plasma were found among three treatments. All results obtained indicate that the modified muscle amino acid pattern (Lys 100%, Met+Cys 39%, Thr 76%, His 41%, Arg 72%, Leu 158%, Ile 81%, Val 105%, Phe 81% and Trp 13%) was the best for growing sheep.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.422-431
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• 2015

This study analyzed the dietary status of Southeast Asian workers living in South Korea in order to provide basic data to develop a program that allows workers to map desirable eating habits while living in Korea. Questionnaires were completed by 251 Southeast East Asian workers living in South Korea. From our study, we found that respondents ate three meals a day, and Vietnamese had less regular meal times than others. Thai, Cambodian, and Myanmar workers ate snacks several times a day, as they did in their own countries. For adapting Korean food, Vietnamese and Cambodian workers had difficulties due to spicy and salty flavors while Thai and Myanmar works had difficulties due to unfamiliar ingredients and cooking method. Thai workers were the fastest to adapt to Korean food, and the Thai ratio of eating homeland food daily was highest. Male respondents ate more often than women. Workers had access to cooking facilities in their house and usually ate more homeland food than workers that did not have access to cooking facilities. By providing understanding of dietary patterns of Southeast Asian workers, these results can be used as basic data to develop a program for Korean food adaptation.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.193-206
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• 1994

Thinness has become a symbol for beauty acceptance and competence for women in our society especially for young college women. Relatively little is known about characteristics of women who are dissatisfied with their shape or weight and who are interested in performing weight control program. Four hundred college women in Seoul and Kyunggi-Do area were surveyed from November to December 1992 to investigate the relationship between the concern about weight control and various aspects of food related behaviors. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between the weight concerns of college women and their aspects of several eating behaviors. Self-developed questionnaire was used after validity test. The results were as follows: 1) The average height weight and BMI value of subjects were 160$\pm$4.5cm 51.02kg and 19.86$\pm$4.5 respectively. 2) The 49% of subjects were highly concerned about weight control(high interest group) and 39% were moderate concerned(moderate interest group). 3) The average BMI and weight change per year were significantly higher in the high interest group than other groups. 4) The score of nutrition knowledge was also higher in the high interest group, 5) There were no significant differences among groups in the meal frequencies. and amount of nutrients intake. 6) The signs of eating trouble were found in subjects 59.0% of subjects felt feareness about weight gain after consumption of large amount of food. 7) The ratio of CPF was 64:14:22 and nutrient adquacy ratio(NAR) of energy was 0.94 NAR of Fe was 0.84 the other NAR of nutrient over 1.0.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.141-148
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate tendencies on land use in the housing site development district by grasping the characteristics of changes of building use at the borders of single-detached housing area for planning single-detached housing area in the future. It is divided the borders of detached housing areas into three types, educational facility, parks and green spaces, and apartment complex, and then analyzed the characteristics of each location after a field study. It is summarized as follows. First, there were stationery and flour-based meal stores in adjacent borders near educational facilities, suitable for students' interest and motion patterns, and it is required to consider about frequent children's action in the street. Second, there are many facilities for park users and residents, such as educational institutes and restaurants in adjacent to borders near parks. In borders neighboring buffer green belt areas, warehouses and vacant sites were mainly distributed. And the revitalization of streets was lower than others, because a road was used as a parking space. Third, there were realty dealers, food stores, and laundries which provide the dwellers with service in adjacent borders near multi-family housing.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.329-339
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to provide basic data on the nursing Happiness Index and identify factors influencing nurses by describing their perception of lifestyle, health behavior, nursing professionalism, Happiness Index, and turnover intention. Methods: On July 2012, 700 nurses from 10 general hospitals were surveyed, but 23 were omitted due to missing or incomplete data. The focus of this study was the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Happiness Index, consisting of 11 OECD identified topics concerning living conditions and quality of life. Data were analyzed using $x^2$-tests, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with SPSS/WINdow 14.0. Results: Mean score for nurses' Happiness Index was 3.03 on a scale of 5. There were significant differences on the Happiness Index for the following: age, marriage, children, education, position, work experience, wages, number of beds, medical institution, health behavior, weight, and meal patterns. There was a positive correlation between the happiness index and nursing professionalism but a negative correlation between the happiness index and turnover intention. Conclusion: Results indicate that factors influencing happiness are autonomy, sense of calling and turnover intention suggesting the need to improve nursing professionalism for a life of happiness among hospital nurses.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.16-21
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• 2016

The interest in convenience food has increased over the years. Many researchers have tried to discover what factors affect the consumption of convenience food. Despite the diversity of studies, few studies emphasize a household's income. The aim of this article is to identify the different consumption patterns between upper, middle, and lower income brackets. Generally, households with higher income consumed more convenience food or the relationship was not significant. However, many convenience foods are regarded as nutritionally unbalanced and have a lower quality. So, the hypothesis cannot be easily confirmed because there are tradeoffs not only between health, as nutrition balance and cost, but also health and convenience. Thus, there is a need to indicate the divergent attributes of buying convenience food in a distinct income group. In addition, the convenience food is subdivided into two distinct categories: convenience food as a substitution for a whole meal (unhealthy) and substitution as part of a diet (healthy). We found that higher income groups purchase healthier convenience food while lower income groups purchase unhealthier convenience food. Also there are distinct attributes that influence the consumption of healthy and unhealthy convenience food.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.567-585
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aims to explore the potential of convenience stores as platforms for healthy food consumption, including low-sodium options, in response to the increasing trend of meal behaviors at convenience stores and the growing demand for healthy eating. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In the study, 627 Korean participants aged 10 to 39 were involved. A self-reported questionnaire survey was used and questions were regarding purchase patterns, consumption behaviors, perceptions and selection attributes of convenience store foods, and consumer perception factors for low-sodium options. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 (SPSS, Version 26.0 for Windows, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS: The study uncovered significant disparities in the consumption behavior and perception of convenience store foods, as well as variations in the importance and satisfaction levels with convenience store food attributes, including consumer perception factors for low-sodium options, based on sex and age. Furthermore, it was observed that awareness of the need for low-sodium options significantly influenced purchase intentions. CONCLUSION: This study analyzed consumer attitude toward low-sodium convenience store foods to assess the potentiality for promoting healthy eating in convenience stores. These findings indicate the important role that convenience stores can play as platforms for healthy food sales.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.186-192
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• 1997

Increased activities of phase 2 enzymes including quinone reductase(QR) have been reported to be associated with protection of animals from neoplastic, mutagenic, and other toxic effects of many carcinogens. In previous study, we found that methanol extract of roasted and defatted perilla meal induced the activity of quinone reductase, an anticarcinogenic marker enzyme, in murine hepalc1c7 cells. Current study showed that unroasted perilla had a limited QR-inducing activity, suggesting that roasting cause the generation of active component(s). Thus we hypothesized that QR inducer in perilla might be covalently linked to sugar moiety and released during roasting process. Methanol extract of defatted raw perilla was subject to acid treatment in order to hydrolyze the potential sugar moiety. Prolonged hydrolysis of methanol extract of defatted raw perilla at $98{\sim}100^{\circ}C$ increased the ability to induce cytosolic QR activity of hepalclc7 cells. Furthermore roasting at 180 and $200^{\circ}C$ resulted in significant induction of QR activity. The result strongly support the idea that QR inducer(s) is present in bound form in raw perilla and released during roasting. Cellular QR activity was induced proportionately with the increase of concentration of methanol extract of roasted perilla. The induction of QR by defatted perilla was also examined in the cytosols of liver, small intestine, stomach, lung and kidney of male ICR mice. Induction patterns showed specificity with respect to target tissue and roasting of perilla. Unroasted perilla meal (defatted) significantly induced QR in liver and lung, while roasted perilla meal induced QR in liver and stomach. The observation that raw perilla showed similar QR induction patterns to roasted perilla is consistent with our proposal that QR inducer(s) is present in bound form and released by physical and chemical treatments as digestive or microbial enzymes could release the inducers from inactive glycoside forms in gastrointestinal tract of mice. In conclusion, perilla could exert protective effect against chemically induced carcinogenesis by inducing phase 2 enzymes in biological systems regardless of chemical and physical process such as roasting.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.204-214
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to identify instant noodle intake and consumption patterns of adults in metropolitan areas of Korea. There was a total of 702 subjects, 18 years of age and above, and data from the self-administrated questionnaires were collected and analyzed using comparative statistical analysis, including frequency, chi-square, t-test, and one-way ANOVA. According to the results, preference level for instant noodles among the adults was indicated to be $4.84{\pm}1.32$ and 54% of subjects either "liked" or "more than liked" noodles. People in 20s liked them the most. Noodles in envelope type package with soup are highly preferred. The most common reason why they chose to eat instant noodles was "convenience." At the same time, people avoid them because of their bad nutrition and calories. Half of the subjects consume instant noodles at least once a week mainly for lunch and dinner as a substitute for their meal. In the case of eating-together-with-family was the largest. 72.4% of subjects consumed entire soup additive content and 20.6% of them eat almost without soup because of being full and worrying that it might be harmful to health. Significant difference was shown in the preference level and intake patterns depending on respondents' general characteristics. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.