• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.209.1-209.1
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• 2003

Polygoni cuspidatum has been used as treatments of dermatitis, inflammation and hyperlipidemia, and diuretic in folk medicine. In order to evaluate the urinary effect of Polygoni cuspidati Radix, its MeOH extract was administered in rats by in vivo test. We measured urine volume, chemical parameters, and electrolytes in serum and urine of the rats.The results showed that Polygoni cuspidati Radix MeOH extract had urinary volume increase and normal level parameters in rats.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.205.2-205.2
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• 2003

As part of our program to isolate bioactive compounds from korean natural sources, we have screened traditional medicinal plants to cytotoxity on human tumor cells. Of them, the MeOH extract from rhizome of Coptis japonica Makino was found to be active against five cultured human tumor cell lines. So, the MeOH extract was subjected to successive solvent partitioning to give n-hexane, chloroform and BuOH. The activity was concentrated into the chloroform extract. The extract was chromatographied on a silica gel column and resulted in the isolation 5 alkaloids. (omitted)

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.185-193
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• 2016

In this study, antioxidative potentials of the crude extract and its four solvent fractions from the Arctic terrestrial plant Ranunculus heperporeus were evaluated by using four different activity tests, including the inhibition of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation in Raw 264.7 cells as well as determining the extent of both the scavenging of peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) and the oxidative damage of genomic DNA purified from Raw 264.7 cells. Based on a comparative analysis, n-BuOH, and 85% aq.MeOH solvent fractions showed good scavenging effects on the production of intracellcular ROS and inhibited membrane lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidation. In addition, n-BuOH and 85% aq.MeOH fractions exhibited good scavenging effects on both authentic peroxynitrite and one generated from SIN-1. Among the samples tested, the n-BuOH fraction revealed the strongest antioxidant effect.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.1 s.68
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• pp.106-111
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• 2005

To investigate the antioxidant activity of extract from the raw walnut, Juglans sinensis Dode, we prepared five fractions (methanol (MeOH), dichloromethane $(CH_2Cl_2)$, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-buthanol (n-BuOH) and dehydrogen monooxide $(H_2O)$ fractions) and examined. The effect of walnut extract on the oxidative stress was investigated in vitro. The DPPH (2,2-Di (4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity of extract from raw walnut was shown in the following order: $EtOAc\;fraction layer. The result showed that the highest activity $(0.56{\mu}g/ml,\;IC_{50}.)$ was observed in EtOAc fraction, whereas n-BuOH fraction, MeOH fraction, $CH_2O_2$ fraction and $H_2O$ layer of $IC_{50}$ were $2.34{\mu}g//ml,\;3.88{\mu}g/ml,\;8.06{\mu}g/ml,\;and\;8.19{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The radical scavenging activity assay of each fraction showed that the antioxidative activity was observed in the following order: EtOAc fraction $(74.27\pm1.56\%)>MeOH\;fraction\;(60.76\pm3.4\%)>n-BuOH\;fraction\;(59.32\pm0.88\%)>H_2O\;layer\;(41.69\pm2.06\%)$. These results revealed that all fractions, except for $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction, showed high antioxidative activity. Furthermore, the peroxynitrite $(ONOO^-)$ scavenging activity was assayed in each fraction. The result showed that the $ONOO^-$ scavenging activity of EtOAc fraction, MeOH fraction and n-BuOH fraction from raw walnut was $95.14\pm0.36\%,\; 90.02\pm1.19\%\;and\;89.41\pm0.81\%$, respectively. The tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP) treatment in vitro increased lactate dehydrogenase release and lipid peroxidation in renal cortical slices. Such changes were completely prevented by addition of MeOH fraction, EtOAc fraction and n-BuOH fraction of walnut. These results indicate that the walnut extract exerts the benedicial effect against t-BHP-induced cell injury and its effect may be due to antioxidant action. In addition, it is suggested that walnut extract might be developed as the effective scavenger for the prevention of oxidative stress.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.181-187
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidative activities of medicinal plants. Through the examination of methanol extracts from 30 species for radical scavenging effects using DPPH method, the extracts from Rhus javanica Linne, Smilax china Linne and Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold et Zucarinii showed strong antioxidative activity. Because of its highest antioxidative activity among 30 medicinal plants, radical scavenging effects of 4 different extract compartments (n- Hexane, EtOAc, BuOH and $H_2O$ extracts) from Galla Rhois MeOH extract of Rhus javanica Linne were examined by DPPH method and antioxidant effects on the 4 different extract compartments were tested by Ferric-Thiocyanate method. Antioxidative activities of n- Hexane, EtOAc and BuOH extracts were similar or even higher than that of natural (tocopherol) or synthetic antioxidants (BHA), suggesting that major fractions for the antioxidative activity of Rhus javanica Linne were the n- Hexane, EtOAc and BuOH extract compartments.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.96-104
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• 2017

To obtain the immunomodulating polysaccharide from chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus sclerotia, IO), crude polysac- charide fractions (IO-M-CP and IO-CP, respectively) prepared from hot-water extract (IO-W) of I. obliquus by EtOH precipitation after MeOH reflux or not. After IO-W was re-dissolved in water followed by EtOH addition in the case without MeOH reflux, EtOH mixture was fractionated into EtOH-soluble (IO-E) and crude polysaccharide (IO-CP). In the meanwhile, MeOH-soluble fraction (IO-M) was separated from IO-W after MeOH reflux. The residue was dissolved in water and was added by EtOH, and then EtOH mixture was also fractionation into EtOH-soluble (IO-M-E) and crude polysaccharide (IO-M-CP). As a result of the macrophage stimulating activity of these fractions, IO-CP and IO-M-CP showed significantly increased cell proliferation and cytokines production than IO-W. Particularly, IO-M-CP promotes the production of IL-12 more than IO-CP. In the splenocytes proliferating activity and intestinal immune system modulating activity through Peyer's patch, both of 2 crude polysaccharide fractions were significantly promoted in cell proliferation and cytokines production than IO-W, and IO-M-CP was more potent than IO-CP in IL-2 production from splenocytes and GM-CSF production ($10{\mu}g/mL$) in Peyer's patch cells. In addition, immunomodulating polysaccharide fractions (IO-M-CP and IO-CP) prepared from IO-W by EtOH precipitation with or without EtOH reflux showed no significant difference in the chemical composition and component sugar. These results suggested that MeOH reflux might exclude low-molecular weight materials from IO-W and consequently increase the immunomodulating activity of IO-M-CP. Therefore, it was confirmed that immunomodulation of polysaccharide prepared from hot-water extract of chaga mushroom was enhanced by fractionation including MeOH reflux and EtOH precipitation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.336-342
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• 2002

MeOH extract of Kochia scoparia was fractionated into $CHCl_3-$, EtOAc- and BuOH extracts and the last fraction were hydrolyzed by 3%-NaOH ($MeOH-H_2O$) to compare the bioactivities on antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. Silica gel column chromatography of BuOH fraction afforded a large amount of $3-Ο-{\beta}-D-xylopyranosyl {\;}(1{\rightarrow}3)-{\beta}-D-glucuronopyranosyl$ oleanolic acid (momordin Ic, 4) and that of acid hydrolysate of BuOH fraction gave $3-Ο-{\beta}-D-glucuronopyranosyl oleanolic$ acid (momordin Ib, 3), its 6'-Ο-methyl ester (2) and oleanolic acid (1). Silica gel column chromatography of alkaline hydrolysate afforded a large amount of 4. MeOH extract and both EtOAc- and BuOH fractions were active in the rheumatoidal rat induced Freund's complete adjuvant reagent (FCA) whereas $CHCl_3$ fraction was inactive. Compound 1 and 4 showed significant activities in the same assay but oleanolic acid 3-Ο-glucuronopyranoside (3) showed no activity. These fashions were also observed in carrageenan-induced edema of the rat and in the antinociceptive activity tests undertaken in hot plate- and writhing methods. These results suggest that momordin Ic and its aglycone, oleanolic acid, could be active principles for rheumatoid arthritis.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2017

Radical scavenging effect and protective activity against oxidative stress of Acer okamotoanum were investigated. A. okamotoanum was extracted with methanol (MeOH) and then fractionated with n-BuOH, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), methylene chloride and n-hexane fractions. The MeOH extract and fractions showed strong 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and superoxide radical scavenging activity. Among the MeOH extract and fractions, the EtOAc fraction showed the strongest radical scavenging activity. In addition, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of EtOAc fraction was higher than other extract and fractions. Furthermore, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of the MeOH extract and fractions from A. okamotoanum against oxidative stress under cellular system using C6 glial cell. The C6 glial cells showed a decrease in cell viability and high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the treatment of amyloid $beta_{25-35}$ ($A{\beta}_{25-35}$). However, with the treatment of the MeOH extract and fractions, it significantly increased the cell viability and inhibited the overproduction of ROS by $A{\beta}_{25-35}$. In particular, the EtOAc fraction led to significantly increase the cell viability and decrease the generation of ROS against oxidative stress by $A{\beta}_{25-35}$. The current study indicated that A. okamotoanum demonstrated antioxidative and neuroprotective effects. In particular, the EtOAc fraction which attributed a strong protective activity against oxidative stress.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.82-86
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• 2000

To evaluate anti-influenza virus activity of 113 specimens of Korean traditional medicine both water and methanol extracts were examined using haemagglutination inhibition test. The water extract from Citrus junos was found to inhibit influenza virus A/Taiwan/l/86(H1N1). The survival rates of virus were determined by in situ cellular enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The water extract of Citrus junos was fractionated by chromatographic separating using Amberlite XAD-4, 40% MeOH and 60% MeOH layer had antiviral activity. The half inhibition concentration $(IC_{50})$ of 40% MeOH layer on survival of influenza virus was $MIC>361.5{\mu}g/ml$ and $IC_{50}$ value of fr. 40-4 fractionated from 40% MeOH layer was $677.19{\mu}g/ml$. These results suggested that the fractions of Citus junos have potent anti-influenza A virus activity.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.191-196
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• 1998

The MeOH extract from root of Pulsatilla koreana was showed antimicrobial activities against bacteria and yeast. The antimicrobial active substances of MeOH extract were successfully purified with solvent fractionation, silica gel adsorption column chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The purified two active substances were isolated by HPLC and identified as 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid and 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid by MS, $^{1}H-NMR$ and $^{13}C-NMR$.