• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2002

McEliece introduced a public-key cryptosystem based on Algebraic codes, specially binary classical Goppa which have a good decoding algorithm and vast number of inequivalent codes with given parameters. And the advantage of this system low cost of their encryption and decryption procedures compared with other public-key systems specially RSA, ECC based on DLP(discrete logarithm problem). But in [1], they resent new attack based on probabilistic algorithm to find minimum weight codeword, so for a sufficient security level, much larger parameter size [2048, 1608,81]is required. Then the big size of public key make McEliece PKC more inefficient. So in this paper, we will propose New Type PKC using q-ary Hyperelliptic code so that with smaller parameter(1 over 3) but still work factor as hi인 as McEliece PKC and faster encryption, decryption can be maintained.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.23-29
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• 2015

오류 정정 부호(error-correcting code)를 사용하는 McEliece 암호 체계는 양자 컴퓨터에서도 안전한 공개키 암호기법으로서 주목 받아왔다. 본고에서는 McEliece 암호 체계에 사용되는 오류 정정 부호와 그 조건, 암호 체계의 구조와 그 발전 과정 및 응용을 알아보고, 안전성 분석에 대해 소개한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institutes of Information Security and Cryptology Conference
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• 1991.11a
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• pp.40-48
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• 1991

McEliece 공개키 암호체계에 대한 새로운 암호해독적 공격이 제시되어진다. 기존의 암호해독 algorithm이 exponential-time의 complexity를 가지는 반면, 본고에서 제시되어지는 algorithm은 polynomial-time의 complexity를 가진다. 모든 linear codes에는 systematic generator matrix가 존재한다는 사실이 본 연구의 동기가 된다. Public generator matrix로부터, 암호해독에 사용되어질 수 있는 새로운 trapdoor generator matrix가 Gauss-Jordan Elimination의 역할을 하는 일련의 transformation matrix multiplication을 통해 도출되어진다. 제시되어지는 algorithm의 계산상의 complexity는 주로 systematic trapdoor generator matrix를 도출하기 위해 사용되는 binary matrix multiplication에 기인한다. Systematic generator matrix로부터 쉽게 도출되어지는 parity-check matrix를 통해서 인위적 오류의 수정을 위한 Decoding이 이루어진다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.179-182
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• 2023

양자 알고리즘인 Shor 알고리즘으로 공개키 암호의 보안성이 붕괴됨에 따라 NIST는 양자내성암호 표준화 공모전을 진행하였다. 또한 암호시스템의 양자 후 보안을 위해, 양자 컴퓨터상에서 암호 알고리즘들을 미리 구현하고 분석하는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는, NIST 양자내성암호 공모전 Round 4의 후보 알고리즘인 Classic McEliece의 공개키 생성 양자 회로 구현을 제시하고 회로에 필요한 양자 자원을 추정한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1100-1123
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• 2019

A code-based cryptosystem can resist quantum-computing attacks. However, an original system based on the Goppa code has a large key size, which makes it unpractical in embedded devices with limited sources. Many special error-correcting codes have recently been developed to reduce the key size, and yet these systems are easily broken through side channel attacks, particularly differential power analysis (DPA) attacks, when they are applied to hardware devices. To address this problem, a higher-order masking scheme for a McEliece cryptosystem based on the quasi-dyadic moderate density parity check (QD-MDPC) code has been proposed. The proposed scheme has a small key size and is able to resist DPA attacks. In this paper, a novel McEliece cryptosystem based on the QD-MDPC code is demonstrated. The key size of this novel cryptosystem is reduced by 78 times, which meets the requirements of embedded devices. Further, based on the novel cryptosystem, a higher-order masking scheme was developed by constructing an extension Ishai-Sahai-Wagne (ISW) masking scheme. The authenticity and integrity analysis verify that the proposed scheme has higher security than conventional approaches. Finally, a side channel attack experiment was also conducted to verify that the novel masking system is able to defend against high-order DPA attacks on hardware devices. Based on the experimental validation, it can be concluded that the proposed higher-order masking scheme can be applied as an advanced protection solution for devices with limited resources.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1099-1112
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• 2018

The field of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) is an active area of research as cryptographers look for public-key cryptosystems that can resist quantum adversaries. Among those categories in PQC, code-based cryptosystem provides high security along with efficiency. Recent works on code-based cryptosystems focus on the side-channel resistant implementation since previous works have indicated the possible side-channel vulnerabilities on existing algorithms. In this paper, we recovered the secret key in HyMES(Hybrid McEliece Scheme) using a single power consumption trace. HyMES is a variant of McEliece cryptosystem that provides smaller keys and faster encryption and decryption speed. During the decryption, the algorithm computes the parity-check matrix which is required when computing the syndrome. We analyzed HyMES using the fact that the joint distributions of nonlinear functions used in this process depend on the secret key. To the best of our knowledge, we were the first to propose the side-channel analysis based on joint distributions of leakages on public-key cryptosystem.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2023

NIST는 2022년 양자내성암호 표준화 진행 대상 알고리즘으로 KEM 1종(CRYSTALS-Kyber), 전자서명3종(CRYSTALS-Dilithium, FALCON, SPHINCS+)을 발표하였고, 추가로 KEM 4종(Classic McEliece, HQC, BIKE, SIKE)에 대한 Round 4 진행을 공표하였다. Round 3와 마찬가지로 Round 4에서도 부채널 분석 및 오류 주입에 대한 안전성은 알고리즘 선정에 있어 중요 평가 사항 중 하나이다. 따라서 해당 암호 알고리즘에 대한 새로운 부채널 분석기술에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 논문은 Round 4의 암호 알고리즘 중 코드 기반 알고리즘 3종(Classic McEliece, HQC, BIKE)에 대한 부채널 분석 방법론의 동향을 파악하고 향후 연구 방향을 제시한다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.439-448
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• 2017

It is news from nowhere that post-quantum cryptography has side-channel analysis vulnerability. Side-channel analysis attack method and countermeasures for code-based McEliece cryptosystem and lattice-based NTRU cryptosystem have been investigated. Unfortunately, the investigation of the ring-LWE cryptosystem in terms of side-channel analysis is as yet insufficient. In this paper, we propose a chosen ciphertext simple power analysis attack that can be applied when ring-LWE cryptography operates on 8-bit devices. Our proposed attack can recover the key only with [$log_2q$] traces. q is a parameter related to the security level. It is used 7681 and 12289 to match the common 128 and 256-bit security levels, respectively. We identify the vulnerability through experiment that can reveal the secret key in modular add while the ring-LWE decryption performed on real 8-bit devices. We also discuss the attack that uses a similarity measurement method for two vectors to reduce attack time.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1044-1051
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• 2020

The age of quantum computers is coming soon. In order to prepare for the upcoming future, the National Institute of Standards and Technology has recruited candidates to set standards for post quantum cryptography to establish a future cryptography standard. The submitted ciphers are expected to be safe from quantum algorithm attacks, but it is necessary to verify that the submitted algorithm is safe from quantum attacks using quantum algorithm even when it is actually operated on a quantum computer. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate an efficient quantum gate implementation for binary field multiplication of code based post quantum cryptography to work on quantum computers. We implemented the binary field multiplication for two field polynomials presented by Classic McEliece and three field polynomials presented by ROLLO in generic algorithm and Karatsuba algorithm.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2023

차세대 컴퓨터인 양자 컴퓨터는 현재 정보화시스템에서 널리 사용되고 있는 공개키 암호 시스템인 RSA와 Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)의 안전성을 위협하고 있다. 특히 양자 알고리즘인 Shor 알고리즘은 RSA와 ECC가 기반하고 있는 수학적 난제들을 다항 시간 내에 해결할 수 있기 때문에 NIST에서는 양자컴퓨터 상에서 내성을 가진 공개키 암호 표준화 공모전을 개최하였다. 2022년도에 NIST에서는 4개의 3라운드 최종 표준화 알고리즘을 발표하였다. 이와 동시에, 4라운드 표준화 알고리즘을 진행함으로써, 공개키 분야에서 코드 기반 또는 아이소제니 기반의 새로운 암호 알고리즘을 추가로 표준화할 예정이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 NIST 양자 내성 암호 표준화 공모전 4라운드의 후보 알고리즘인 코드 기반 암호 Classic McEliece, BIKE, HQC와 아이소제니 기반 암호 SIKE의 최신 동향에 대해 확인해본다. 추가적으로, 해당 암호 알고리즘에 대한 분석 기법과 공격 사례에 대해 살펴보고록 한다.