• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.436-443
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• 2015

본 연구는 요오드 함량이 다른 조영제를 증류수로 희석한 비율과 관전압의 조건별로 CT number를 측정하여 전산화단층촬영장치의 자가진단 직선성 정도관리 기술을 개발하고자 하였다. 사용된 장비는 4-채널 MDCT를 이용하였고, 요오드 조영제는 300 mgI/ml, 350 mgI/ml, 370 mgI/ml, 400 mgI/ml를 사용했다. 증류수에 대한 조영제 희석비율은 최대 농도값이 측정될 때까지 5%씩 증가하였다. 관전압은 90 kVp, 120 kVp, 140 kVp를 적용하였다. 그 결과, 90 kVp에서 400 mgI/ml 조영제가 5% ~ 25%에서 희석된 비율 구간과 CT number들 간의 상관계수가 0.993으로 가장 근사한 직선성을 구하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 요오드 조영제를 이용한 자가진단 직선성 평가는 AAPM CT 성능평가용 팬톰을 대체할 수 있는 정도관리 방법으로 이용할 수 있다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 1970

Methyl에서 n-butyl까지의 n-alkylamine 염산염동족체($RNH_3Cl$)의 "겉보기몰랄부피"(apparent molal volume)${\phi}_v$를 30$^{\circ}C$에서 여러가지 조성의 methanol-물 혼합액을 써서 측정하였다. 아민염의 농도는 0.01M까지, 밀도는 부력법을 적용하여 소수점이하 5위까지 택하였다. 관측된 ${\phi}_v$값을 무한대의 농도 쪽으로 extapolation하여 "분몰랄부피"(partial molal volume)$\bar{V}^{\circ}$V를 구하였다. 실험결과는 용질입자의 크기, charge 및 hydrophobic effect등에 관하여 논의되었고 또한 동족체간에일정한 몰랄부피차(${\Delta}\bar{V}^{\circ}$)를 갖는다는 사실과 아울러 혼합용매의 구조에 대하여도 검토하였다. 메탄올-물 0.1몰분율(m.f.)에서는 물의 구조증대로 cation의 "분몰랄부피($\bar{V}^{\circ}_+$)가 최소이고, 한편 0.4m.f. 에서는 charge 효과에 의한 electrostriction effect의 최대화 free volume이 최소라는 사실들이 관찰되었다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2011

Due to the oxygen contents in biodiesel, application of the fuel to compression ignition engines has significant advantages in terms of lowering PM formation in the combustion chamber. In recent days, considerable studies have been performed to extend the low temperature combustion regime in diesel engines by applying biodiesel fuel. In this work, low temperature combustion characteristics of biodiesel blends in dilution controlled regime were investigated at a fixed engine operating condition in a single cylinder diesel engine, and the comparisons of engine performances and emission characteristics between biodiesel and conventional diesel fuel were carried out. Results show that low temperature combustion can be achieved at $O_2$ concentration of around 7~8% for both biodiesel and diesel fuels. Especially, by use of biodiesel, noticeable reduction (maximum 50% of smoke was observed at low and middle loads compared to conventional diesel fuel. In addition, THC(total hydrocarbon) and CO(Carbon monoxide) emissions decreased by substantial amounts for biodiesel fuel. Results also indicate that even though about 10% loss of engine power as well as 14% increase of fuel consumption rate was observed due to lower LHV(lower heating value) of biodiesel, thermal efficiencies for biodiesel fuel were slightly elevated because of power recovery phenomenon.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.154-157
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• 2004

고정화된 Aspenillus niger 세포가 우유공장폐수에서 발효로 구연산을 생산하는데 이용되었다. 구연산 생산균주로서 A. niger ATCC 9142가 3일간 전배양되었으며, 약 2.5∼3.5 mm Ca-alginate beads 로 포획되었다. 최적의 pH와 온도는 각각 3.0과 $30^{\circ}C$였다. 발효에 대한 최적 희석률은 $0.025h^{－1}$ 인 것으로 계산되었다. 구연산의 최대 생산량은 최적화된 발효조건과 함께 4.5 g/$\ell$에서 얻어졌다. 고정화된 Aspergillus niger ATCC 9142에 의해 생산된 구연산의 수율은 70.3%였다. Shake-flask배양실험에 비해 연속식 배양실험 결과가 고정화 세포에 의해 20%증가되었다. 따라서 우유공장폐수는 구연산 발효기질로서의 이용가치가 있다고 볼 수가 있겠다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.739-745
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• 2011

During the production of grape wine, the formation of thick leathery pellicle/bacterial cellulose (BC) at the airliquid interface was due to the bacterium, which was isolated and identified as Gluconacetobacter hansenii UAC09. Cultural conditions for bacterial cellulose production from G. hansenii UAC09 were optimized by central composite rotatable experimental design. To economize the BC production, coffee cherry husk (CCH) extract and corn steep liquor (CSL) were used as less expensive sources of carbon and nitrogen, respectively. CCH and CSL are byproducts from the coffee processing and starch processing industry, respectively. The interactions between pH (4.5-8.5), CSL (2-10%), alcohol (0.5-2%), acetic acid (0.5-2%), and water dilution rate to CCH ratio (1:1 to 1:5) were studied using response surface methodology. The optimum conditions for maximum BC production were pH (6.64), CSL (10%), alcohol (0.5%), acetic acid (1.13%), and water to CCH ratio (1:1). After 2 weeks of fermentation, the amount of BC produced was 6.24 g/l. This yield was comparable to the predicted value of 6.09 g/l. This is the first report on the optimization of the fermentation medium by RSM using CCH extract as the carbon source for BC production by G. hansenii UAC09.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.328-339
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• 2010

A tobamovirus, Ribgrass mosaic virus (RMV), was identified newly from chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. pekinensis) in Korea. Virus disease incidence of RMV on chinese cabbage was 37.9% in alpine area on August in 1993. RMV induced the symptoms of necrotic ring spots, necrotic streak on midrib and malformation. RMV, Ca1 and Ca3 isolate, could infect 35 species out of 45 plants including Chenopodium amaranticolor. Physical properties of RMV Ca1 isolate were very stable as 10.8 over for dilution end point, $95^{\circ}C$ for temperature inactivation point and 18 weeks for longevity in vitro. RMV had the soil transmission rate of 75.0% for the chinese cabbages, 'Chunhawang' and 'Seoul' cultivars. The purified virions of RMV had the typical ultraviolet absorption spectrum of maximum at 260 nm and minimum at 247 nm. RMV of Ca1 isolate was related serologically with antisera of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-Cym, TMV-O and Pepper mottle virus, but not related with antiserum of Odontoglossum ring spot virus. coat protein gene of RMV-Ca1, sized 473 nucleotides, encoded 158 amino acid residues. Nucleotide identity of RMV-Ca1 CP gene was 96.4% with RMV-Shanghai (GenBank accession No. of AF185272) from China and 96.0% with RMV-Impatiens (GenBank accession No. of AM040974) from Germany. Identity of amino acids between RMV-Ca1 and the two RMV isolates was 96.8%. Specific three primers were selected for rapid and easy genetic detection of RMV using Virion Captured (VC)/RT-PCR method.

• 플랜트 저널
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.52-61
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• 2022

본 연구는 실제 운영중인 영동에코발전본부 1호기 125 MW 우드펠릿 발전소를 대상으로 탈질설비 운전조건이 NOx 발생량에 미치는 영향을 시험하였다. SNCR 요소 유량 증가에 따라 NOx 농도는 점차 감소하였으나 SCR 후단 암모니아 슬립은 상승하였다. 시험대상 보일러는 고온의 내부온도로 인해 SNCR 운영에 불리한 구조이며 노즐의 최적위치 검토가 필요할 것이다. SCR 희석공기 온도변화는 NOx 발생량에 영향을 미치지 않았다. SCR 암모니아 유량 증가는 SCR 후단 NOx 농도를 감소시켰고 NOx 제거효율도 증가시켰다. 다만 암모니아 슬립 자체 기준치를 초과하지 않는 암모니아 유량 111 kg/h가 최대 운전기준으로 추정된다. SCR 믹서 압력 상승은 NOx 농도를 감소시키고 제거효율도 최대로 측정되어 NOx 생성을 가장 효과적으로 억제하는 변수로 파악되었다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.127-131
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• 2002

The qualitative and quantitative changes of bacterial flora associated with the Pure Mysore (Multivoltine) and NB$_4$D$_2$ (Bivoltine) silkworm (Bombyx modi L.) midgut during third, fourth and fifth instars were studied. Larvae reared on mulberry leaves were dissected and their midgut bacterial populations were enumerated through serial dilution technique and after 72 hrs of incubation period at 28 $\pm$ 1$^{\circ}C$, the bacterial population was estimated. The results showed a highest mean value of 15$\times$10/ sup 6/ sup 6/ CFU/g and 28$\times$10/ sup 6/ CFU/g in Pure Mysore and NB$_4$D$_2$races, respectively, in midgut tissue of fifth instar larvae. The natural epiphytic microflora of mulberry leaves fed during the respective instars was also studied and found maximum 14$\times$10$^3$ CFU/g in leaves fed in third instars, followed by 5.3$\times$10$^3$ CFU/g and 2.1$\times$10$^3$ CFU/g in leaves fed during fourth and fifth instars, respectively. The bacterial flora colonized in midgut was found to be elaborating amylase, caseinase, gelatinase, lipase and urease enzymes. The highest percentages of isolates were amylase producers followed by protein and lipid splitters in Pure Mysore, whereas in NB$_4$D$_2$ protein splitter were dominated followed by lipase and amylase producers in NB$_4$D$_2$. The results indicate that the natural microflora may play a vital role in the digestion of ingested food materials in silkworms.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2023

The waste-heat-recovery boiler with water spray (HR-B/WS) applies the heat exchange between the inlet air and exhaust gas with the water spray into the inlet air. The evaporation of water in the inlet air promotes heat recovery from the exhaust gas so that thermal efficiency can be improved by the enhanced condensing effect. The NOx emission can also be reduced by lowering the flame temperature due to the dilution effect of the water. In this study, the validity of this concept is examined by the practical boiler test performed with a 24 kW condensing boiler under the full load condition according to the water injection amount. The theoretical amount of water injection is calculated under the assumption of full evaporation of the sprayed water, which is calculated as 50 g/min. Since the injected water cannot evaporate fully in the actual system, the maximum water spray amount is set as 100 g/min. The results showed that the water injection can increase the thermal efficiency up to 95.59% and reduce NOx and CO emissions simultaneously to 8.9 ppm and 35 ppm at 0% of O₂. Although the heat energy loss increased due to the unevaporated water, the increase in water injection amount caused higher thermal efficiency due to the increased amount of the evaporated water.

• 대기
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.187-202
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• 2024

We analyzed the observed characteristics of monoterpene and developed an empirical formula for monoterpene concentration in the pine-dominated mixed forest of the National Center for Forest Therapy. Monoterpene was measured at 0800, 1200 and 1700 LST once a month using sorbent tube sampling coupled with thermal desorption gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Monoterpene concentration is low in winter and shows a maximum in June and July. The major components of monoterpene are alpha-pinene, camphene and beta-pinene. During the warm period from May to November, monoterpene concentration is higher at 0800 and 1700 LST than at 1200 LST. The empirical formula takes into account the vegetation variables, temperature-controlled emission, oxidation processes and dilution by wind. The vegetation variable accounts for the difference in observed monoterpene concentration between two sites. The observed monoterpene concentration normalized by the vegetation variable increases exponentially with air temperature. The oxidation process explains the lower monoterpene concentration at 1200 LST than at 0800 and 1700 LST during the warm period. The monoterpene estimates using the empirical formula shows a correlation of 0.52 with the observation for the development period (2018~2020), while it shows a correlation of 0.72 for the validation year (2021). Such higher correlation for the validation year than for the development period is due to the fact that variability of monoterpene concentration is better explained by air temperature in 2021 than in the development period. However, the developed formula underestimates the monoterpene concentration in May and June, showing the limitation in accurately capturing the monthly variation of monoterpene.