• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.85-91
• /
• 2001

질산태 질소 수준이 $55{\sim}306mg\;kg^{-1}$인 6개 시설재배 토양에 대하여 시비수준을 무비구와 표준시비구로 구분하여 토마토의 생산력과 엽록소 측정치(SPAD, Minolta 502)의 상호관계를 조사하고 덧거름 시용량 결정을 위한 식물체 검정법의 활용 가능성을 비교 검토하였다. 토마토 잎의 엽록소 측정치는 단위 엽면적 당 질소 흡수량과 유의성 있는 정의 상관관계를 보여 식물체의 질소 영양진단의 지표로 활용 가능한 것으로 확인되었다. 토마토 재배기간 동안 엽록소 측정치는 정식후 45일째 15매엽에서 최대를 보인후 감소되는 경향을 보였으며 시비수준과 질산태 질소 함량에 관계없이 동일한 경향이었다. 이러한 결과로부터 토마토의 질소 영양진단을 위한 기준시기와 기준엽위는 정식후 45일 이전과 15매엽 이하가 효율적일 것으로 생각되었다. 정식후 40일째 14매엽의 엽록소 측정치는 토양의 질산태 질소 함량및 무비구 토마토의 건물중 그리고 무비구 토마토에 의한 질소흡수량과 유의성 있는 정의 상관을 보이며 2차함수의 곡선적 관계를 나타냈다. 무비구 토마토의 최대 건물중과 최대 질소 흡수량으로 추정한 엽록소 측정치는 57.1로 동일하게 평가되었다. 따라서 토마토 정식후 40일째 엽록소 측정치는 질소 웃거름 시비량을 결정하기 위한 식물체 검정법으로 활용 가능한 것으로 생각되었다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.345-353
• /
• 2000

This study was to investigate normal salivary flow rates and normal indices of Quantitative analysis of salivary scintigraphy. 96 adult volunteers were studied by Questionnaire evaluating salivary conditions and clinical examinations. 35(male 23, female 12, age range 23-31years) that absented subjective and objective symptoms related saliva were classified as normal group. The normal group underwent measurement unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates and salivary scintigraphy. The obtained results were as follows: 1. There were not significant in sex differences of unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates. The unstimulated salivary flow rate was $0.66{\pm}0.41g/min$, stimulated salivary flow rates was $1.61{\pm}0.69g/min$. 2. As comparing of parameters of salivary scintigraphy, the Uptake ratio(UR), $T_{max}$, $T_{min}$, Maximum accumulation (MA), Maximum secretion(MS) of parotid and submandibular glands were not significant in sex and side-ralated differences. 3. The UR, $T_{max}$, MA, MS of parotid gland were significantly higher than those of submandibular gland; in the parotid gland, UR, $3.67{\pm}0.88$, $T_{max}$, $18.77{\pm}0.43min$, MA, $41.35{\pm}9.22%$, MS, $43.13{\pm}9.13%$; in the submandibular gland, UR, $3.04{\pm}0.10$, $T_{max}$, $18.48{\pm}0.52min$, MA, $36.47{\pm}14.18%$, MS, $36.88{\pm}12.20%$. 4. As classifying of time-activity curve, the most of parotid gland was N-type(97.1%), submandibular gland was observed in order of M-type(67.1%), N-type(21.4%), F-type(11.4%), however, was not observed S-type. 5. As the type of time-activity curve of submandibular gland was more flattened, the UR, $T_{max}$, MA, MS were significantly decresed.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.171-178
• /
• 2004

Glucose alone was found to be the most effective carbon source for producing compactin. An initial glucose concentration of 40 g/L gave the highest compactin concentration of 250mg/L. Among the various nitrogen sources, when 5g/L of pharmamedia and soybean meal as the sole nitrogen source were used, respectively, the compactin concentration was higher than 250mg/L. Especially, in the case of the mixture of 6 g/L of pharmamedia and 8 g/L of soybean meal, the compactin concentration was 400mg/L. To select the best surfactant for effective compactin production, various surfactants were investigated. When Triton X-100 was used, the maximum compactin concentration was 445mg/L. With the initial concentration ranging from 1.5 to 2.0 g/L, the compactin concentration was the highest at 465-450mg/L. The cell concentration was similar to that of the control without the addition of Triton X-100. On the other hand, when the above 4.0 g/L of Triton X-100 were used, the cell concentration decreased. Using the based results, the continuous fed-batch cultures by adding the Triton X-100 were carried out for 10 days in an air-lift bioreactor. When 1.5 g/L of Triton X-100 was added to the culture broth at 0, 4, and 8 days of culture, respectively, the compactin production was increased with the increase of culture time. The maximum compactin concentration after 10days of culture was 1,200mg/L, which was about 2.0-fold higher than that of the control without the addition of Triton X-100.

• Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering
• /
• 제35권12호
• /
• pp.2384-2393
• /
• 2018

Porous alginate-based hydrogel beads (porous ABH) have been prepared through a facile and sustainable template-assisted method using nano-calcium carbonate and nano-$CaCO_3$ as pore-directing agent for the efficient capture of methylene blue (MB). The materials were characterized by various techniques. The sorption capacities of ABH towards MB were compared with pure sodium alginate (ABH-1:0) in batch and fixed-bed column adsorption studies. The obtained adsorbent (ABH-1:3) has a higher BET surface area and a smaller average pore diameter. The maximum adsorption capacity of ABH-1:3 obtained from Langmuir model was as high as $1,426.0mg\;g^{-1}$. The kinetics strictly followed pseudo-second order rate equation and the adsorption reaction was effectively facilitated, approximately 50 minutes to achieve adsorption equilibrium, which was significantly shorter than that of ABH-1:0. The thermodynamic parameters revealed that the adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic. Thomas model fitted well with the breakthrough curves and could describe the dynamic behavior of the column. More significantly, the uptake capacity of ABH-1:3 was still higher than 75% of the maximum adsorption capacity even after ten cycles, indicating that this novel adsorbent can be a promising adsorptive material for removal of MB from aqueous solution under batch and continuous systems.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.102-107
• /
• 1983

The effects of saponin, one of major components (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), on the growth of E. coli K-12 and the formation of siderphore was observed The following results were obtained. 1. When E. coli was grown on medium containing 1${\times}$10-5%-11${\times}$10-1% of the saponin, the rate of growth was stimulated at 10-1% of the saponin significantly compared to that of control. 2. When E. coli K-12 was grown on medium containing 1${\times}$10-1% of the saponin, the amount of siderphore was two times as much as the control. 3. The growth of E. coli was observed to be dependent on the concentration of siderophore when siderophore was added to medium. 4. The effect of saponin on the formation of siderophore in vitro was observed to reach maximum at 1${\times}$10-3% of the saponin. Such results suggest that the growth rate of E. coli K-12 could be enhanced by ginseng saponin fraction through stimulation of siderphore formation. We have described the fast growth of E. coli, K-12 and B. subtilis, rapid uptake of 14C-glucose, and high level of other metabolites such as lipids and proteins of E. coli, and B. subtilis in medium containing saponing fraction compared to that of microorganisms without saponin fraction.1∼3Such differences were claimed to be due to rapid uptake of 14C-glucose by widened periplasmic region throught unknown mechanism in the prescence of saponin fraction in medium3 and have raised a question whether there is another possible factor, siderophore4(Greek for iron bears), since microorganisms must secure a sufficient amount of iron for normal growth. These are known to be synthesized by the cells under iron-deficient condition and in most case, excreted into the medium5, where they can complex and solubilize any iron present there. It is generally believed that these complexes are then taken into the cells presumably by specific transport systems, thus providing iron for cell metabolism. Within the group of enteric bacteria, only three species (E. coli, S. typhimurium, and A. aerogense) have, so far, been studied in a ny detail. The main iron-binding compound produced by these species is enterochelin, and its role in iron transport is now well established. And biosynthesis of enterochelin from 2, 3- dihydroxybenzoate and serine in the prescence of magnesium ions and ATP was reported6. 2, 3-dihydroxybenzoate was also shown to involve isochorismate and 2, 3-dihydro-2, 3-dihydroxybenzoate as intermediate.7∼11 The present paper deals with the effect of ginseng saponin fraction on growth, the level of enterochelin formation in vivo and the conversion of 2, 3-dihydroxybenzoate and serine into entrochelin in vitro, and entrochelin obtained on the growth in relation to possible explanation of ginseng saponin fraction on the rapid growth of E. coli, K-12.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제47권3호
• /
• pp.244-249
• /
• 2002

콩나물 재배시 침지조건과 방법에 따른 품종별 형태적 특성과 수분흡수율 및 생육특성을 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1 외형적 특성은 100립중이 평균 9.0$\pm$2g인 소립종으로, 종피색은 황색이며 구형인 것이 좋으며, 공시 품종 중 풍산나물콩이 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 2. 나물콩 품종의 수분흡수율은 품종간에 다소의 차이가 인정되었으며, 준저리와 길림3호는 온도가 높을수록 수분흡수율이 높았고, 풍산나물콩의 경우는 20-$25^{\circ}C$구간에서 양호하였다. 3. 침지 후 콩 종실의 길이는 l10mm 이상에 도달하는 시간이 약 15시간, 두께의 경우는 건수침 반복은 침지완료 이후, 1회 침지는 3시간이후, 무침지는 9시간이후 이었고, 콩 종실의 수분흡수는 수온이 2$0^{\circ}C$이내인 경우 1회 침지구나 건수침 반복구의 경우 초기 3시간 이내에 급속하게 이루어졌다. 4. 콩의 발아율은 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 처리구와 15$^{\circ}C$에서 2시간 처리한 것에서 품종간의 차이가 인정되었으며, 발아세의 경우 길림 3호는 침지방법과 처리온도에 관계없이 양호하였고, 준저리와 풍산나물콩의 경우는 3시간 침지구에서 처리온도에 관계없이 가장 양호하였다. 5. 콩나물의 길이는 다른 무침지와 1회침지 방법에 비해 건수침 반복구에서 빠른 생육을 보였고, 두께의 증가는 1회 침지구가 건수침 반복구보다 양호하였다.

• 한국어병학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.31-39
• /
• 1991

부영양화된 해역인 마산만에서 분리된 해양세균중 카드뮴 200ppm에서 내성을 보인 균을 분리배양하고, 미생물학적 성질과 생체 축적량을 방사성 동위원소인 $^{109}CdC_2$을 이용하여 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 분리된 카드뮴 내성균은 Gram음성균이며 단간균으로서 운동성이 있고 생리, 생화학 특성과 TCBS 배지에서의 집락 형태로 보아 Vibrio sp.으로밝혀졌다. 2. 본 균의 다른 중금속에 대한 내성 실험에서 $ZnCl_2$, $PbCl_2$, $CuCl_2$가 25ppm 함유된 배지에서는 서로 비슷한 성장을 보였지만 $HgCl_2$ 25ppm에서는 성장이 거의 안되었다. 3. 균체내의 카드뮴 축적량은 배지에 포함된 카드뮴의 양과 비례하여 증가하여 75ppm에서 43.2mg/l로 최고의 축적을 나타내었고, 100ppm에서의 성장이 저해되었지만 균체 축적량이 일정하게 유지되었다. 4. 방사성 동위원소인 $ ^{109}CdCl_2$를 이용하여 25ppm에서 배양한 후, 중금속 축적조건을 dpm값을 통해 조사한 결과는 96시간 배양시 pH 7에 최대값인 $2554{\times}10^4dpm/m{\ell}$을 나타냈고, NaCl에서는 36시간 배양시 $611{\times}10^4dpm/m{\ell}$로 최고값을 나타내었다.

• 멤브레인
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.406-414
• /
• 2015

본 연구에서는 막 축전식 탈이온 공정에 적용하기 위해 온도와 시간을 달리하여 술폰화 Poly(VDF-co-hexafluoropropylene) copolymers (PVDF-co-HFP)을 합성 후 캐스팅법에 의해 양이온교환막이 제조되었다. 술폰화 PVDF (SPVDF)는 Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), $^1H$ Nuclear magnetic resonance ($^1H$ NMR)를 통해 구조확인을 하였고, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)를 통해 화학조성에 대한 정량적 분석을 하였다. 막 성능은 함수율 및 이온교환용량과 전기저항을 측정하였고. $60^{\circ}C$에서 7시간 술폰화한 SPVDF 멤브레인이 이온교환용량 0.89 meq/g, 함수율 21.5%, 전기저항 $3.70{\Omega}{\cdot}cm^2$로 가장 우수하였다. 수중 이온제거 특성을 막 축전식 탈이온 방법(MCDI)으로 전압(0.9~1.5 V), 유속(10~40 mL/min)을 변수로 SPVDF의 탈염 특성을 확인하여 MCDI 공정에 적용가능 여부를 평가하였다. MCDI 충방전 시험 결과 최대 탈염제거율은 62.5%이었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제39권6호
• /
• pp.403-408
• /
• 2006

시험에 사용한 팽화왕겨퇴비는 T-N 1.173%, 질소무기화율 33.5%, C/N율 35.4로써 높은 C/N율을 가졌다. 본시험은 전북통의 토양에서 동진 1호를 재배하였으며 2년간 팽화왕겨퇴비를 시용하였다. 팽화왕겨퇴비의 시용은 유기물 및 치환성 칼륨 함량을 증가시켰으며 시용량이 증가할수록 용적밀도 및 공극률이 향상 되는 효과를 나타내었다. 토양 중 $NH_4-N$ 용출양상은 최고분얼기 이전까지는 표준시비구에서 높았다. 시비질소 흡수량은 생육초기 표준시비구에서 많았으나 성숙기에는 팽화왕겨퇴비 시용구에서 다소 많았으며, 팽화왕겨퇴비 시용구들 간을 비교해 볼 때 생육전반에 걸쳐 50% 대체구에서 흡수량이 가장 많았다. 질소 이용률은 팽화왕겨퇴비 시용구에서 전반적으로 높은 이용률을 보였다. 쌀수량은 표준시비에 비해 모든 팽화왕겨퇴비 시용구에서 낮았으나 팽화왕겨퇴비 40% 시용구에서는 표준시비와 거의 비슷한 수준의 수량을 보였다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.241-248
• /
• 2022

In this study, a recovery coefficient (RC) calculation was conducted that can correct the underestimation of the standardized uptake value (SUV) due to the partial volume effect (PVE) through phantom measurements and formulas. The experiment was conducted using a dynamic phantom capable of implement cranio-caudal movement at a respiratory rate of 15 times per minute along with the measured phantom experiment of the stopped state, and the RC of the moving state is calculated and compared. Ingenuity TF (Philips Healthcare, Netherland) was used as a positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) device. PET-CT Phantom (Biodex Medical System, USA) was used as a phantom for measurement. A phantom image in a stationary state was acquired, and a moving phantom image was acquired using the AZ-733V Respiratory Phantom (Anzai Medical Co, Japan) capable of breathing movement in the cranio-caudal direction under the same acquisition parameters. For RC calculation, the sphere maximum radioactivity concentration and the background mean radioactivity concentration of the acquired images were measured, and the initially determined sphere and background radioactivity concentrations were calculated. The calculated RC was 0.08 to 0.72. The size of sphere smaller, it was confirmed that the RC reduced. And the RC in the moving state reduced than in the stationary state. As a result of this study, the change of the RC was confirmed according to the size of spheres and the phantom moving. Using the RC derived by implement movement of breathing with the respiratory phantom, it is possible to considering correction of underestimated SUV by the partial volume effect of PET images and the patient movements.