• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.47-54
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• 2010

We propose a smart human-computer interface replacing conventional mouse interface. The interface is able to control cursor and command action with only hand performing without object. Four finger motions(left click, right click, hold, drag) for command action are enough to express all mouse function. Also we materialize cursor movement control using image processing. The measure what we use for inference is entropy of EMG signal, gaussian modeling and maximum likelihood estimation. In image processing for cursor control, we use color recognition to get the center point of finger tip from marker, and map the point onto cursor. Accuracy of finger movement inference is over 95% and cursor control works naturally without delay. we materialize whole system to check its performance and utility.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.87-98
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted for the purpose of a structural model analysis of family health of women who came to Korea for being married to Korean men. Methods: The data were collected from 260 immigrant women at multicultural centers located in C and B cities from May 10th to 30th, 2012. The variance analysis on the samples was conducted by using the maximum likelihood minimization function with AMOS 7.0. The fitness was evaluated by means of the SRMR, RMSEA, CFI, and TLI with a 90% confidence interval. Results: First, immigrant women's self-esteem and acculturative stress were found to have significant direct effects on their family health. Second, their self-esteem and acculturative stress have direct effects on their marital adjustment. Third, their marital adjustment was found to have significant direct effects on their family health. Forth, immigrant women's Korean language ability was found not to have significant direct effects on their marital adjustment and family health. Conclusion: In order to enhance the family health of immigrant women, it is necessary to develop and apply nursing programs in consideration of immigrant women's self-esteem, marital adjustment and acculturative stress.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1001-1012
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• 2016

It is well known that air pollutants exert a bad influence on human health. According to the United Nations Environment Program, 4.3 million people die from carbon monoxide and particulate matter annually from all over the world. Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas that is the most dangerous of the gas consisting of carbon and oxygen. In this paper, we used 1 hour, 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours average carbon monoxide concentration data collected between 2004 and 2013 in Daegu Gyeongbuk area. Parameters of the generalized extreme value distribution were estimated by maximum likelihood estimation and L-moments estimation. An evalution of goodness of fitness also was performed. Since the number of samples were small, L-moment estimation turned out to be suitable for parameter estimation. We also calculated 5 year, 10 year, 20 year, and 40 year return level.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1305-1315
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• 2015

Consider the risk score which is a function of a linear score for the classification models. The AUC optimization method can be applied to estimate the coefficients of linear score. These estimates obtained by this AUC approach method are shown to be better than the maximum likelihood estimators using logistic models under the general situation which does not fit the logistic assumptions. In this work, the VUS and HUM approach methods are suggested by extending AUC approach method for more realistic discrimination and prediction worlds. Some simulation results are obtained with both various distributions of thresholds and three kinds of link functions such as logit, complementary log-log and modified logit functions. It is found that coefficient prediction results by using the VUS and HUM approach methods for multiple categorical classification are equivalent to or better than those by using logistic models with some link functions.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.188-197
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a method that represents a mathematical form of wave propagation by using the fact the refractive index determining wave propagation characteristic is a function of altitude. Proposed method uses Snell's law that expresses relationship between incident angle and refraction angle when incident wave passes medium having a different refractive index. We present the simulation results about wave propagation by setting the square of refractive index in the form of the polynomial for altitude and show that it is possible to estimate the coefficients of the polynomial through the angle information from vertical axis of multiple radar systems.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.47
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• pp.206-242
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• 2001

A survey research was conducted for a sample of 306 adult children who have an elderly parent or both parents alive. The purpose of the research was to test a structural equation model which specified the effects of early family relationships on comtemporary relationships and assistance patterns between adult children and their parents. The data were analyzed using EQS for Windows 5.7, utilizing maximum likelihood method. The results showed that early family relationships affected filial concern first, which in turn affected the level of assistance provided by adult children for elderly parents. No direct effect has been found between early family relationships and the level of assistance by adult children for elderly parents. Filial concern was played as an intervening variable. Early family relationships gave no direct effects to adult children's intention to assist their parents. Here again, filial concern was played as an intervening factor. Adult children's intention to assist their parents had not been led directly to provision of actual support to parents by their adult children. Thus, it was identified that intention to support is one thing, and the actual support is another. Controlling for the effects of filial concern, overall, early family relationship patterns gave no differential effects to the different aspects of support provided to parents by their adult children. On the basis of these results, this paper provided both discussions and suggestions for some strategies of intervention in the present family relationships in order for the inter-generational exchange of supports to happen in the future.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.38
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• pp.33-67
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• 1999

This study is the second phase of the author's larger attempt to investigate the factors affecting housewives' caregiving behavior to their elderly parents-in-law. Specifically, it revises and expands the previous model (1998) and develops a new one by rectifying the three major problems inherent in the previous study: (1) misspecification error; (2) non-equivalent comparison of results between the father-in-law model and mother-in-law model that stems from the inclusion of heterogeneous group of caregivers; (3) measurement problems for the two endogenous variables of eldercare attitude and behavior. To do this, the current study proposes a more comprehensive model by additionally incorporating other salient exogenous variables, renders the comparison of results between the father-in-law and mother-in-law models equivalent by including only homogeneous group of caregivers (i. e., only those housewives whose parents-in-law are both alive), and introduces standardized measurement scales for the endogenous variables. Estimation of the model in terms of maximum likelihood procedures in LISREL8 attests to a better overall performance over the previous model when judged from several criteria such as coefficient of determination, model fit statistics, proportion of significant causal paths, and measurement properties of reliability and validity for the variables. Interpretation of the findings suggests several salient theoretical implications that concern such crucial issues as the inconsistency between eldercare attitude and behavior, patterns of association among the subdimensions of eldercare, and the difference in the antecedents explaining attitude as opposed to behavior of eldercare. In particular, the finding that indicates almost no differences in the determinants between the father-in-law and mother-in-law models suggests a strong case to argue that caregiving behavior to fathers-in-law and mothers-in-law, respectively, is likely to be a uniform phenomenon sharing virtual1y the same antecedents, and that a unified single model is sufficient to account for caregiving behavior to both parties.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.55-66
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the structural model on the Nursing Task Performance of Hospital Nurses. Methods: Data collection was done by the 200 hospital nurses from May 1st to May 20th, 2013 in Seoul city. The sample variance-covariance matrix was analyzed using AMOS 19.0 and the maximum likelihood minimization function. The goodness of fit was evaluated using the SRMR, RMSEA and its 90% confidence interval, CFI, and TLI. Results: First, hospital nurses' organizational justice and empowerment was not found to have a significant direct effect on nursing task performance. Second, organizational justice and empowerment had a direct effect on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Third, organizational commitment was found to have a significant direct effect on nursing task performance. Forth, hospital nurses' empowerment was found to have a significant direct effect on nursing task performance. Conclusion: Nurses' nursing task performance was influenced by organizational justice, empowerment, and organizational commitment. In order to increase the degree of nursing task performance in hospital nurse, it is necessary to develop the nursing program and its application considering hospital nurses' organizational justice and empowerment and organizational commitment.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.2433-2443
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• 1996

In this paper, a new technique is proposed for obtaining the error probabilities of the VSB(vestigial sideband modulation) signal in the presence of the cochannel interference and frequency-selective fading channel. For the receivers, a suboptimal matched filter receiver and the MLSE(maximum likelihood sequence estimation) receiver, which is known to be optimal on the fading channel, are considered. First, for the matched filter receiver, the distributions of the random variables, which determine the SER(symbol error rate) are obtained by decomposing the multi-path fading channel into Rayleigh distributed main path and Gaussian distributed remained path channels. the random variables mean the energy of the main path and subpath respecitively, and SER can be calculated from the distribution of them. Next, for the case of the MLSE receover, it is found that the random variables are expressed as a function of integrals. In order to obtain the distribution for the random variables, we expanded each element of integrals with the KL(Karhunen-Loeve) transformation. And it is derived that the distributions for the transformed random variables are given by a sum of chi-square distributions. Finally, we calculated the error rate derived formula on the two-ray fading channel, which is one of widely used models for the frequency-selective fading channel. From the numerical results, it is found that for the matched filer receiver, performance degradation is significant, while the performance degradation at the MLSE receiver is insignificant on the frequency-selective fading channel. However, in case of cochannel interference environment, the error rateis found to increase significantly both at the matched filter and at the MLSE receiver.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.4A
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• pp.250-258
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• 2005

An initial carrier frequency offset estimation algorithm is proposed for a multi-user frequency bowing orthogonal frequency division modulation-frequency division multiple access (FH-OFDMA) system with a single preamble symbol. To mitigate the effect of the frequency offset, every mobile station needs to accurately and rapidly acquire synchronization. The proposed algorithm uses only one preamble symbol in which two kinds of subcarriers are designed for coarse and fine frequency offset estimation. The non-data aided estimation using the energy spectrum is exploited for fine offset estimation, and maximum likelihood estimation using correlation for coarse offset estimation. By combining the two estimation results, an accurate frequency offset can be estimated with a single symbol. Through simulations, the performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by comparing estimation error variance with a conventional method.