• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.221-230
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• 2001

This study was performed to evaluate hard tissue cephalometric norms for Korean adults which can be implemented in surgical orthodontic treatment planning using selected horizontal reference plane especially for Koreans (Male: $SN-7.5^{\circ}$, Female: $SN-9.0^{\circ}$) and a simplified analytical method. 70 males and 70 females consisting of freshmen of Yonsei University from 1996 to 1997 and students from the Dental College of Yonsei University were chosen according to clinical examination and cephalometric analysis. The samples had normal profiles, normal anteroposterior skeletal relationship(ANB angle of $0^{\circ}$ to $4^{\circ}$ and Wits appraisal of -4.0mm to 0mm), and Class I molar and canine relationship. They had no missing or supernumerary teeth and had no experience of orthodontic or prosthetic treatment. After the selection of 23 landmarks and the construction of horizontal and vertical reference lines, 22 skeletal and 12 dental measurements were taken. These consisted of vertical and horizontal linear measurements and angular measurements. The results were as follows. 1. Mean and standard deviation of the measurements were calculated for males and females. 2. Most of the skeletal vertical measurements, and maxillary and mandibular length were bigger in males than females. Whereas anterior facial height ratio(N-ANS/ANS-Me) as well as maxillary and mandibular antero-posterior position in relation to the vertical reference line(N-perpendicular) showed no signigicant difference between sexes. 3. Maxillary and mandibular dental antero-posterior position in relation to the vertical reference line(N-perpendicular) showed no significant difference between sexes. 4. The upper incisor show(U1-Stms) was $2.1{\pm}1.7mm$ in males and $3.3{\pm}1.7mm$ in females. In this study, hard tissue cephalometric norms of Korean adults for orthognathic surgery were obtained.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2006

Purpose:Maxillay sinus grafting is an effective treatment procedure to improve bone height in the posterior maxillar area for implant installation. Beta-tricalciumphosphate(${\beta}$-TCP) was introduced to be grafting substitute material, providing a reasonable bio-degradation time, no need for harvesting procedure. The purpose of this study is to evaluate bone healing & regeneration phase using histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analysis. Material & Methods:Sixteen rabbits were divided into 4 groups. Bi-lateral maxillary sinus membranes were elevated at each rabbits, ${\beta}$-TCP was augmented in left sinus, autogenous bone was augmented in right sinus. The rabbits were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. We investigated the bone regeneration & growth factor expression. Results: 1. The mean new bone volume formation was 28.99${\pm}$6.55%, 49.54${\pm}$5.47%, 69.09${\pm}$8.90% in autogenous grafted area, and 22.86${\pm}$5.56%, 24.00${\pm}$4.09%, 34.11${\pm}$3.37% in ${\beta}$-TCP area at 4, 8, 12 weeks. Therefore, new bone formation in autogenous bone was significantly higher than ${\beta}$-TCP (p<0.05). 2. The BMP 2/4 expression in autogenous bone grafted area was higher at 4, 8 weeks. 3. There was no difference in expression pattern of BMP-7/PDGF/VEGF during grafted bone regeneration. Conclusion:The authors we conclude that the autogenous bone graft was faster than ${\beta}$-TCP in bone regeneration, and the BMP 2/4 were more important in graft bone regeneration.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.41-56
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 한국인의 상악 유중절치와 유측절치와 기성 지르코니아 크라운의 형태 및 크기를 3차원적으로 분석함으로써 가장 유사한 지르코니아 크라운을 선별하고 수복시 임상적 지침을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 300명의 어린이의 건전한 상태의 상악 유중절치, 유측절치를 3차원 스캔하여 평균 형태를 재현하였고, 4개의 제조사(NuSmile $ZR^{(R)}$ Crown, Cheng $Crowns^{(R)}$, Kinder $Krowns^{(R)}$, EZ $Pedo^{(R)}$ Crown)의 지르코니아 크라운을 3차원 스캔하여 형태 및 크기 비교를 위한 좌표점을 측정하여 치아와 크라운 형태의 유사성을 평가하였다. 근원심 길이, 절단연에서 치경부까지의 길이, 치관 형태 비율, 같은 좌표에서 치아와 크라운의 거리, 순면의 곡률반경, 그리고 체적을 비교하여 최종적으로 가장 유사한 지르코니아 크라운을 선별하였다. 분석 결과, 상악 유중절치는 Cheng $Crowns^{(R)}$ 3번, 유측절치는 NuSmile $ZR^{(R)}$ Crown 2번이 가장 유사한 형태를 가졌으며, 이 크라운의 내면을 스캔하여 크라운 수복시 필요한 치아 삭제량을 평가한 결과, 기존의 제조사의 가이드라인으로 제시되어 있는 양보다 전반적으로 더 적은 치아 삭제를 시행하는 것을 제안할 수 있다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2002

분비세포와 점막고유층 점액분비세포로부터 분비된 점액으로 덮여있으며, 비점막 및 하기도를 보호하는 생체방어기능을 갖고 있는 실험토끼의 비점막에 상악동염이 유발되었을 때 점막 분비세포 수적 증가와 분비물질의 변화를 규명하기 위하여 전자현미경으로 미세구조적 특성을 관찰하였다. 또한 점막 당단백질 말단기인 sialic acid의 염증시 분포양상을 알아보고자 sialic acid에 특이적으로 반응하는 lectin인 WGA를 황금입자가 표지된 lectin WGA 복합체를 반응시키고 투과전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 그 결과 염증이 없는 실험 토끼들의 정상 상악동 점막상피세포는 균일한 높이의 섬모를 갖는 상피 세포층에 부분적으로 분비세포가 관찰되었다. 분비세포는 전자밀도가 높은 과립과 전자밀도가 낮은 과립을 포함하고 있는 것이 관찰되었다. 상악동염을 유발시킨 실험 토끼들의 점막상피세포는 상피 세포층이 비후되었으며 분비세포 수가 증가하였고 부분적으로 섬모가 소실되었다. 이러한 변화는 상피세포 표면에 세균의 부착을 막는 일차적인 방어체제인 점액의 증가로 화농성의 분비물이 생성되어 섬모의 기능을 손상시키는 것으로 확인되었다. Lectin WGA 반응에서 정상 섬모세포의 섬모와 분비세포의 전자밀도가 낮은 과립에 sialic acid를 포함하고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 상악동염이 유발된 실험토끼의 점액에 lectin WGA 반응 결과 섬모세포의 섬모와 분비세포의 전자밀도가 낮은 과립에서 sialic acid의 분포가 급격히 증가하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 따라서 점막에 염증이 유발되면 분비세포와 점막의 분비세포의 증식으로 sialic acid를 포함한 sialogylcoconjugate의 과다분비가 유발되며 이는 분비세포가 염증으로 인해 생체가 외부자극에 나타내는 급격한 방어기전으로 생각되었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.86-95
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2)-loaded synthetic bone substitute on implants that were simultaneously placed with sinus augmentation in rabbits. Methods: In this study, a circular access window was prepared in the maxillary sinus of rabbits (n=5) for a bone graft around an implant (${\varnothing}3{\times}6mm$) that was simultaneously placed anterior to the window. Synthetic bone substitute loaded with rhBMP-2 was placed on one side of the sinus to form the experimental group, and saline-soaked synthetic bone substitute was placed on the other side of the sinus to form the control group. After 4 weeks, sections were obtained for analysis by micro-computed tomography and histology. Results: Volumetric analysis showed that the median amount of newly formed bone was significantly greater in the BMP group than in the control group ($51.6mm^3$ and $46.6mm^3$, respectively; P=0.019). In the histometric analysis, the osseointegration height was also significantly greater in the BMP group at the medial surface of the implant (5.2 mm and 4.3 mm, respectively; P=0.037). Conclusions: In conclusion, an implant simultaneously placed with sinus augmentation using rhBMP-2-loaded synthetic bone substitute can be successfully osseointegrated, even when only a limited bone height is available during the early stage of healing.

• 치과방사선
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 1971

Modern orthodontics implies not only occlusal excellence, but also the positioning of teeth to produce optimal facial harmony for the individual patients. Several methods have been used in the study of facial height, width and depth were made from living subjects. These methods, however, complicate to control the subjects, therefore many investigators have used profile cephalometric technics. Practically, cephalometric technics were used m orthodontic treatment, maxillo-facial surgery and anthropometric studies. Author was studied to investigate the normal standards of soft tissue profile in Korean adolescences. The subjects consisted of 53 males and 54 females from 17 to 22 years of age and with normal occlusion and acceptable profile. Aluminum filter was designed to obtain both hard and soft tissue structures on a single film. Eight profile landmarks were plotted and drawn on the tracings of all cephalograms and eighteen depth, height and angles were measured from each landmarks of the cephalograms. The following conclusIOns were obtained from this studies; 1. Total facial convexity was 170. 75 in males and females samples and lower facial and: labiomandibular convexity were each of 141.44, 171.05. 2. Maxillary and mandibular sulcus angulations were 137.61, 129.52 and upper and lower lip inclinations were each of 123.26 and 49.56 in male and females. 3. Soft tissue depth of several points were as follows; Subnasale 18.74㎜ in males and 16.65㎜ in females Pogonion 13.40㎜ in males and 13.07㎜ in females upper lip 14.06㎜ in males and 11.91㎜ in females . lower lip 15.46㎜, 13.63㎜ in males and females 4. The protrusion of nose were 16.28㎜ in males and 15.56㎜ in females 5. The vertical length of upper and lower lips were 25.67㎜, 52.96㎜ and the lip posture was indicated 93.43 per cent (closed state) in centric occlusions.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.528-538
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• 2014

PURPOSE. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the effectiveness of newly developed autogenous tooth bone graft material (AutoBT)application for sinus bone graft procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The patients with less than 5.0 mm of residual bone height in maxillary posterior area were enrolled. For the sinus bone graft procedure, Bio-Oss was grafted in control group and AutoBT powder was grafted in experimental group. Clinical and radiographic examination were done for the comparison of grafted materials in sinus cavity between groups. At 4 months after sinus bone graft procedure, biopsy specimens were analyzed by microcomputed tomography and histomorphometric examination for the evaluation of healing state of bone graft site. RESULTS. In CT evaluation, there was no difference in bone density, bone height and sinus membrane thickness between groups. In microCT analysis, there was no difference in total bone volume, new bone volume, bone mineral density of new bone between groups. There was significant difference trabecular thickness ($0.07{\mu}m$ in Bio-Oss group Vs. $0.08{\mu}m$ in AutoBT group) (P=.006). In histomorphometric analysis, there was no difference in new bone formation, residual graft material, bone marrow space between groups. There was significant difference osteoid thickness ($8.35{\mu}m$ in Bio-Oss group Vs. $13.12{\mu}m$ in AutoBT group) (P=.025). CONCLUSION. AutoBT could be considered a viable alternative to the autogenous bone or other bone graft materials in sinus bone graft procedure.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.675-681
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• 2005

성장기 아동의 III급 부정교합의 치료에는 많은 악기능 정형장치가 사용되어 왔으며 다양한 형태로 변화하여 발전되어 왔다. Horseshoe appliance는 Schwarz에 의해 소개된 장치로서 elastic의 견인력으로 장치의 free sliding 효과를 통해, 하악와와 과두의 관계를 재정립시켜, 악골 주위의 연조직이나 muscle matrix와 조화되는 새로운 위치에 하악골을 repositioning 시켜 악골관계를 개선시킬 수 있다. 또한 하악의 후하방 회전 효과를 극소화시켜 전안면고경의 증가를 방지할 수 있고, 구외장치에 비해 환자의 협조도가 좋다. 저자들은 전치부 반대교합을 주소로 전북대학교 치과병원 소아치과에 내원한 III급 부정교합 환자에게 Horseshoe appliance를 사용한 결과 하악골에 대한 상대적인 상악골의 전방 성장과 교합평면의 반시계방향 회전, 상악 전치의 순측 경사와 하악 전치의 설측 경사로, 3개월 내에 전치부 반대교합이 해소되는 효과를 얻었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.160-167
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• 2013

Purpose: This study examined the factors that can be associated with the appearance of the interproximal papilla. Methods: One hundred and forty-seven healthy interproximal papillae between the maxillary central incisors were examined. For each subject, a digital photograph and periapical radiograph of the interdental embrasure were taken using a 1-mm grid metal piece. The following parameters were recorded: the amount of recession of the interproximal papilla, contact point-bone crest distance, contact point-cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) distance, CEJ-bone crest distance, inter-radicular distance, tooth shape, embrasure space size, interproximal contact area, gingival biotype, papilla height, and papilla tip form. Results: The amount of recession of the interproximal papilla was associated with the following: 1) increase in contact point-bone crest, contact point-CEJ, and CEJ-bone crest distance; 2) increase in the inter-radicular distance; 3) triangular tooth shape; 4) decrease in the interproximal contact area length; 5) increase in the embrasure space size; and 6) flat papilla tip form. On the other hand, the amount of gingival recession was not associated with the gingival biotype or papilla height. In the triangular tooth shape, the contact point-bone crest distance and inter-radicular distance were longer, the interproximal contact area length was shorter, and the embrasure space size was larger. The papilla tip form became flatter with increasing inter-radicular distance and CEJ-bone crest distance. Conclusions: The relative position of the interproximal papilla in healthy subjects was associated with the multiple factors and each factor was related to the others. A triangular tooth shape carries a higher risk of recession of the interproximal papilla because the proximal contact point is positioned more incisally and the bone crest is positioned more apically. This results in an increase in recession of the interproximal papilla and flat papilla tip form.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제39권
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• pp.2.1-2.6
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• 2017

Background: All clinicians are aware of the difficulty of installing a dental implant in posterior maxilla because of proximate position of maxillary sinus, insufficient bone width, and lower bone density. This study is to examine which factors will make the implantation in the posterior maxilla more difficult, and which factors will affect the postoperative implant stability in this region. Methods: Five hundred seventy-three fixtures on the maxilla posterior were included for this study from all the patients who underwent an installation of the dental implant fixture from January 2010 to December 2014 at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Pusan National University Dental Hospital (Yangsan, Korea). The postoperative implant stability quotient (ISQ) value, fixture diameter and length, presence of either bone graft or sinus lift, and graft material were included in the reviewed factors. The width and height of the bone bed was assessed via preoperative cone beam CT image analysis. The postoperative ISQ value was taken just before loading by using the OsstellTM $mentor^{(R)}$ (Integration Diagnostics AB, Gothenburg, Sweden). The t test and ANOVA methods were used in the statistical analysis of the data. Results: Mean ISQ of all the included data was 79.22. Higher initial bone height, larger fixture diameter, and longer fixture length were factors that influence the implant stability on the posterior edentulous maxilla. On the other hand, the initial bone width, bone graft and sinus elevation procedure, graft material, and approach method for sinus elevation showed no significant impact associated with the implant stability on the posterior edentulous maxilla. Conclusions: It is recommended to install the fixtures accurately in a larger diameter and longer length by performing bone graft and sinus elevation.