• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.48-56
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• 2008

Chronic ultraviolet (UV) exposure is the major cause of photoaging that causes skin wrinkling, roughness, dryness, laxity, and pigmentation. Recently, increasing efforts are being made to understand the relationship between foods and skin health. Ginsenosides are present in ginseng (Ginseng Radix Rubra) extract, and are known to have biomedical properties, such as, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated whether KTNG0345 prepared from red ginseng extracts delivered orally reduces skin wrinkling and ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced wrinkle formation in hairless mouse skin. KTNG0345 was administrated orally to the mice (5 times a week) during the period of UVB-irradiation (3 times a week) for 8 weeks at three different doses of 300 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg (w/v). UV doses were increased weekly by 1 MED (1MED = 75 $mJ/cm^2)$ up to 4 MED and then maintained at this level. After the 8-week administration period, it was found that orally administered KTNG0345 significantly inhibited UVB-induced wrinkle formation in a dose-dependent manner. Increases in skin thickness caused by UVB were prevented by KTNG0345. Moreover, it also significantly inhibited matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) -13 and MMP-9 expressional inductions by UVB. In addition, KTNG0345 was observed to prevent UVB-induced water loss of epidermis in hairless mouse skin. Our results demonstrate that orally administered KTNG0345 has anti-wrinkling effects in hairless mouse skin, and suggest that dietary red ginseng and herbal mixture may be considered a functional beauty food for preventing UVB-induced skin wrinkles.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.86-92
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• 2014

Cordycepin은 C. militaris의 주요 생리활성 물질로서 인체 면역기능 강화, 항염증, 항산화, 항노화 및 항암활성을 포함한 다양한 약리효능이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 HCT116 대장암세포를 이용하여 암전이의 주요 과정인 암세포의 이동성 및 침윤성에 미치는 cordycepin의 효능에 관하여 조사하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면 세포독성이 없는 범위에서 cordycepin은 HCT116 세포의 이동성과 침윤성을 유의적으로 억제하였다. RT-PCR 및 Western blotting 결과에 의하면 cordycepin은 TJs의 주요 구성인자인 claudin family 인자들의 발현을 억제하였으며, 이는 TJ의 전기적 저항성의 증대와 연관이 있었다. Cordycepin은 또한 MMP-2 및 -9의 발현과 활성을 저해함과 동시에 TIMP-1 및 -2의 발현은 증가시켰다. 따라서 cordycepin에 의한 HCT116 대장암세포의 전이능 억제는 TJ의 견고성 증대와 MMPs의 활성 억제와 연관성이 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.201-206
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• 2013

Sulforaphane [1-isothiocyanato-4-(methylsulfinyl)-butane] is an isothiocyanate found in some cruciferous vegetables, especially broccoli. Sulforaphane has been shown to display anti-cancer properties against various cancer cell lines. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which degrades the extracellular matrix (ECM), plays an important role in cancer cell invasion. In this study, we investigated the effect of sulforaphane on 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced MMP-9 expression and cell invasion in MCF-7 cells. TPA-induced MMP-9 expression and cell invasion were decreased by sulforaphane treatment. TPA substantially increased NF-${\kappa}B$ and AP-1 DNA binding activity. Pre-treatment with sulforaphane inhibited TPA-stimulated NF-${\kappa}B$ binding activity, but not AP-1 binding activity. In addition, we found that sulforaphane suppressed NF-${\kappa}B$ activation, by inhibiting phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B $ in TPA-treated MCF-7 cells. In this study, we demonstrated that the inhibition of TPA-induced MMP-9 expression and cell invasion by sulforaphane was mediated by the suppression of the NF-${\kappa}B$ pathway in MCF-7 cells.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.585-597
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• 2003

Porphyromonas gingivalis has been implicated as an important periodontophathic bacterium in the etiology and progression of periodontal diseases. It has been reported that P.gingivalis may mediate periodontal destruction not only directly through its virulence factors, but also indirectly by including complex host mediated inflammatory reponses. The purpose of this study was t o evaluate the effects of P.gingivalis on the bone formation and resorption by osteoblasts. For this purpose, after determining the concentration below which sonicated P.gingivalis extracts (SPEs) have no cytotoxicity on mouse calvarial primary osteoblastic (POB) cells, we investigated the effects of SPEs on the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression (MMP-2, -9, 13), and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) release in POB cells by treatment with SPEs below that concentration. The results were as follows; 1. SPEs showed no cytotoxic effect on POB cells up to a concentration of 1 ${\mu}m$/ml. 2. The treatment with SPEs reduced ALP activity in a dose-dependent manner in POB cells, In addition, when we investigated the effect of SPEs (1 ${\mu}m$/ml) on ALP activity for different exposure periods, statistically significant inhibition of ALP activity was shown at 2 days of exposure, and further significant inhibition occurred by extending the periods of exposure. 3. The treatment with SPEs stimulated the gene expression of MMP-9 in POB cells. 4. The pre-treatment with SPEs increased the amount of $PGE_2$ released in POB cells. In summary, the present study shows that P.gingivalis could inhibit osteogenesis and stimulate bone resorption not only by reducing ALP activity but also by increasing MMP-9 mRNA expression in osteoblasts, possibly through an endogenous $PGE_2$ pathway. In addition, our results suggest that if P.gingivalis affects osteoblasts in early differentiation stage, such effects by P. gingivalis could be irreversible.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.87-98
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• 2017

Objectives : The objective of present study is to evaluate anti-arthritic effects of dried pomegranate concentrate powders (PCP), Eucommiae Cortex aqueous (EC) and ethanolic (ECe) extracts, Achyranthis Radix aqueous (AR) and ethanolic (ARe) extracts on the primary cultured rat articular chondrocytes. Methods : MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium Bromide) assay was performed cytotoxic effect of test substances. In addition, anti-inflammatory effects were also observed on the lipopolysaccaride (LPS) treated chondrocytes through prostaglandin $E_2\;(PGE_2)$ production and 5-lipoxygenase (LPO) activities, and inhibitory effects on metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activities were observed on the recombinant human interleukin $(rhIL)-1{\alpha}$ treated chondrocytes with their extracellular matrix (ECM) related mRNA expressions - collagen type II, SOX9 and aggrecan. Results : As results, ECe and ARe showed obvious cytotoxicity against primary cultured rat articular chondrocytes at a dose level of 10 mg/ml, respectively. However, no obvious cytotoxic effects of PCP, EC and AR were demonstrated at a dose level of 10 mg/ml, on the primary cultured rat articular chondrocytes. In addition, treatment of LPS $50{\mu}g/ml$ induced significant increases of $PGE_2$ contents and 5-LPO activities indicating inflammatory responses of the primary cultured rat articular chondrocytes, and also decreases of cell viabilities, increases of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities with decreases of extracellular matrix (ECM) related collagen type II, SOX9 and aggrecan mRNA expressions were observed by treatment of $rhIL-1{\alpha}$ 50 ng/ml, suggesting damages on the primary cultured rat articular chondrocytes and related ECM degradations. However, these inflammatory responses and related ECM degradations were inhibited by pretreatment of all test substances, in order of PCP > ECe > ARe > EC > AR, and $rhIL-1{\alpha}$ induced chondrocytes deaths are inhibited by treatment in order of PCP > EC > AR > ECe > ARe. Conclusions : Taken together, it is expected that mixed formulation of PCP as main components with appropriate proportion of EC and AR as additional components will be achieved a potent alternative medicinal food for osteoarthritis.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2004

MMPs(Matrix metalloproteinases)는 치주질환에서 주된 조직파괴단백분해효소인 것은 알려져 있고 TIMPs(Tissue inhibitor of Matrix metalloproteinase)는 MMPs의 작용을 억제한다라고 알려져 있다. 이 둘간의 불균형으로 인해서 조직파괴가 더 가속화될 수 있다. 이 두 연구의 목적은 ELISA kit를 사용하여 특정 MMPs(1,2,3,8,9,13)과 TIMPs(1,2)의 양이 건강한 환자와 비교하여서 치주염 환자에서 달라지는지 알아보고 MMPs(1,2,3,8,9,13), TIMPs(1,2)와 치은열구깊이와 GI score와의 관계를 알아보기로 한다. 8명의 만성 치주염 환자와 4명의 급속진행형 치주염 환자가 실험군으로 참여하였고 5명의 건강한 치주조직을 환자가 대조군으로 참여하였다. 임상적인 측정은 GI score와 치주낭측정을 통하여 이루어졌다. 8명의 만성 치주염을 가진 환자와 4명의 급속진행형 치주염을 가진 환자에서 각각 치주낭 깊이가 3mm이하인 부위에서 6개의 치은열구액 표본과 치주낭 깊이가 6mm 이상인 곳에서 6개의 치은열구액 표본을 채취하였다. 건강한 치주조직을 가진 5명의 환자는 단지 치주낭깊이가 3mm 이하인 건강한 부위에서만 치은열구액 표본을 제공하였다. MMPs(1,2,3,8,9,13)과 MIMPs(1,2)의 측정은 Human Biotrack ELISA kit를 사용하여서 측정하였다. 통계처리는 MMPs, MIMPs의 실험군과 대조군의 차이는 Kruskal-Wallis test를 사용하였고 MMPs, TIMPs와 치주낭 깊이와 GI score의 관계정도는 Pearson's correlation coefficient를 사용하였다. 실험결과 대조군과 비교하여 만성 치주염 환자에서 치주낭 깊이가 6mm 이상인 부위에서 MMP9의 수치가 통계적으로 유의할만하게 높았으며(p=0.04) MIMP2의 수치가 대조군과 비교하여 치주낭 깊이가 3mm 이하인 부위를 가진 만성치주염 환자에서 통계적으로 유의할만하게 높았다(=0.049). MMPs(1,2,3,8,9,13), MIMPs(1,2)의 활동성과 치주낭 깊이의 관계에서 둘간의 통계적으로 유의할만한 관계는 존재하지 않았으나 MMP1(r=0.35)과 MMP2(r=0.31)가 상대적으로 높은 관계를 보였다. 또한 MMPs(1,2,3,8,9,13), MIMPs(1,2)의 활동성과 GI score의 관계에서도 둘간의 통계학적으로 유의할만한 관계는 존재하지 않으나 MMP1(r=0.4), MMP2(r=0.29), MMP9(r=0.26)가 상대적으로 높은 관계를 보였다. 이 실험의 결과로 볼 때 MMP9가 만성치주염 환자의 질환이 있는 부위에서만 염증의 지표가 될 수 있으며 MIMP2가 만성치주염 환자의 염증이 없는 부위에서 높은 농도로 존재하는 것으로 보아서 MIMP2가 MMPs에 대한 억제작용을 하여서 염증의 진행을 방해하는 역할을 한다라고 볼 수 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4555-4559
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• 2012

Breast cancer causes death due to distant metastases in which tumor cells produce matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes which facilitate invasion. Oleuropein, the main olive oil polyphenol, has anti-proliferative effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of oleuropein on the metastatic and anti-metastatic gene expression in the MDA human breast cancer cell line. We evaluated the MMPs and TIMPs gene expression by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in treated and untreated cells. This study demonstrated that OL may induce anti-metastatic effects on human breast cancer cells. We found that TIMP1,-3, and -4 were over-expressed after all periods of incubation in treated cancer cells compared to untreated cells, while MMP2 and MMP9 genes were down-regulated, at least initially. Treatment of breast cancer cells with oleuropein could help in prevention of cancer metastasis by increasing the TIMPs and suppressing the MMPs gene expressions.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.507-514
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• 2015

Deer velvet antler (DVA) is one of the most popular medicines in China. Numerous studies have demonstrated that velvet antler possess biological effects. However, data regarding its anti-migration activity on prostate cancer is scarce. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of top DVA (T-DVA) on the expression of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and migration-related genes in the human prostate cancer cell, LNCaP. The T-DVA down-regulated the expression of PSA. In addition, the Radius^TM assay revealed that T-DVA inhibited the migration behavior of prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was also decreased with T-DVA. On the contrary, T-DVA increased the tissue inhibition of metallo-proteinase (TIMP)-1 and (TIMP)-2. Taken together, our findings indicate that the T-DVA possesses anti-migration activity on prostate cancer cells. This is the first study of DVA to report the anti-migration activity on prostate cancer.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

Objectives : We investigated the anti-aging effect on skin with the extract of the needles of red pine, Pinus densiflora. Methods : We measured various effects related to skin such as the anti-oxidant effect, the protection against ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, the induction of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), the reduction of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) synthesis and senescent cell. Results : The results were as follows : The extract of the needles of red pine (RP) had the potent anti-oxidant effect and the ROS scavenging effect. Also RP preserved the systemic anti-oxidant enzyme system (superoxide dismutase and catalase) from UVB irradiation. RP protected the cell membrane from the damages induced by UVB irradiation. RP induced HSP70, a mediator of resistance to UVB irradiation. RP reduced the synthesis of MMP-2 induced by UVB irradiation. And RP inhibited the amount of senescent-associated (SA) ${\beta}-galactosidase$ staining, as a marker of replicative senescence. Conclusions : The results of our study indicate that the extract of the needles of red pine, Pinus densiflora, has anti-aging effects on skin.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3977-3982
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• 2012

Inhibitors of histone deacetylase activity are emerging as a potentially important new class of anticancer agents. In this study, we assessed the anticancer effects of valproic acid (VPA) on ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo. Cultured SKOV3 cells were treated by VPA with different concentrations and time, then the effects on cell growth, cell cycle, apoptosis, and related events were investigated. A human ovarian cancer model transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice was established, and the efficacy of VPA used alone and in combination with diammine dichloroplatinum (DDP) to inhibit the growth of tumors was also assessed. Proliferation of SKOV3 cells was inhibited by VPA in a dose and time dependent fashion. The cell cycle distribution changed one treatment with VPA, with decrease in the number of S-phase cells and increase in G1-phase. VPA could significantly inhibit the growth of the epithelial ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells in vivo without toxic side effects. Treatment with VPA combined with DDP demonstrated enhanced anticancer effects. The result of flow cytometry (FCM) indicated that after VPA in vitro and in vivo, the expression of E-cadherin was increased whereas vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were decreased. This study suggests that VPA could be a novel attractive agent for treatment of ovarian cancer.