• Mycobiology
• /
• 제49권6호
• /
• pp.582-588
• /
• 2021

The interaction of mating pheromone and pheromone receptor from the B mating-type locus is the first step in the activation of the mushroom mating signal transduction pathway. The B mating-type locus of Lentinula edodes is composed of Bα and Bβ subloci, each of which contains genes for mating pheromone and pheromone receptor. Allelic variations in both subloci generate multiple B mating-types through which L. edodes maintains genetic diversity. In addition to the B mating-type locus, our genomic sequence analysis revealed the presence of a novel chromosomal locus 43.3 kb away from the B mating-type locus, containing genes for a pair of mating pheromones (PHBN1 and PHBN2) and a pheromone receptor (RCBN). The new locus (Bα-N) was homologous to the Bα sublocus, but unlike the multiallelic Bα sublocus, it was highly conserved across the wild and cultivated strains. The interactions of RcbN with various mating pheromones from the B and Bα-N mating-type loci were investigated using yeast model that replaced endogenous yeast mating pheromone receptor STE2 with RCBN. The yeast mating signal transduction pathway was only activated in the presence of PHBN1 or PHBN2 in the RcbN producing yeast, indicating that RcbN interacts with self-pheromones (PHBN1 and PHBN2), not with pheromones from the B mating-type locus. The biological function of the Bα-N locus was suggested to control the expression of A mating-type genes, as evidenced by the increased expression of two A-genes HD1 and HD2 upon the treatment of synthetic PHBN1 and PHBN2 peptides to the monokaryotic strain of L. edodes.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.407-415
• /
• 2018

Pheromone (PHB)-receptor (RCB) interaction in the mating pheromone response pathway of Lentinula edodes was investigated using synthetic PHBs. Functionality of the C-terminally carboxymethylated synthetic PHBs was demonstrated by concentration-dependent induction of a mating-related gene (znf2) expression and by pseudoclamp formation in a monokaryotic strain S1-11 of L. edodes. Treatment with synthetic PHBs activated the expression of homeodomain genes (HDs) residing in the A mating type locus, and of A-regulated genes, including znf2, clp1, and priA, as well as genes in the B mating type locus, including pheromone (phb) and receptor (rcb) genes. The synthetic PHBs failed to discriminate self from non-self RCBs. PHBs of the B4 mating type (B4 PHBs) were able to activate the mating pheromone response pathway in both monokaryotic S1-11 and S1-13 strains, whose B mating types were B4 (self) and B12 (non-self), respectively. The same was true for B12 PHBs in the B4 (non-self) and B12 (self) mating types. The synthetic PHBs also promoted the mating of two monokaryotic strains carrying B4-common incompatible mating types ($A5B4{\times}A1B4$). However, the dikaryon generated by this process exhibited abnormally high content of hyphal branching and frequent clamp connections and, more importantly, was found to be genetically unstable due to overexpression of mating-related genes such as clp1. Although synthetic PHBs were unable to discriminate self from non-self RCBs, they showed a higher affinity for non-self RCBs, through which the mating pheromone response pathway in non-self cells may be preferentially activated.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.322-328
• /
• 1997

Two phosphorylated proteins having molecular weights of 57kD and 72kD were detected from the slubilized membrane protein fraction of mating type a cells of Rhodosporidium toruloides which belongs to heterobasidiomycetous yeast. The phosphorylation of the protein was inhibited by a sexual pheromone, Rhodotorucine A (Rh. A), which is secreted from mating type a cells. On the other hand, counterpart mating type A cells and M-39 strain which is a styerile mutant derived from a cells, had also the same two phosphorylated proteins, However, the phosphorylation of the protein from A cells, and M-39 strain were not inhibited by the Rh. A. It suggests that inhibition of the phosphorylation reaction by the Rh. A in mating type a cells is a mating-type-specific reaction that relate to transduction mechanism of sexual pheromone signaling.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국균학회 2015년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
• /
• pp.35-35
• /
• 2015

Pleurotus eryngii has recently become a major cultivated mushroom; it uses tetrapolar heterothallism as a part of its reproductive process. Sexual development progresses only when the A and B mating types are compatible. Such mating incompatibility occasionally limits the efficiency of breeding programs in which crossing within loci-shared strains or backcrossing strategies are employed. Therefore, understanding the mating system in edible mushroom fungi will help provide a short cut in the development of new strains. We isolated and identified pheromone and receptor genes in the B3 locus of P. eryngii and performed a functional analysis of the genes in the mating process by transformation. A genomic DNA library was constructed to map the entire mating-type locus. The B3 locus was found to contain four pheromone precursor genes and four receptor genes. Remarkably, receptor PESTE3.3.1 has just 34 amino acid residues in its C-terminal cytoplasmic region; therefore, it seems likely to be a receptor-like gene. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR (real-time qRT-PCR) revealed that most pheromone and receptor genes showed significantly higher expression in monokaryotic cells than dikaryotic cells. The pheromone genes PEphb3.1 and PEphb3.3 and the receptor gene PESTE3.3.1 were transformed into P5 (A3B4). The transformants were mated with a tester strain (A4B4), and the progeny showed clamp connections and a normal fruiting body, which indicates the proposed role of these genes in mating and fruiting processes. This result also confirms that PESTE3.3.1 is a receptor gene. In this study, we identified pheromone and receptor genes in the B3 locus of P. eryngii and found that some of those genes appear to play a role in the mating and fruiting processes. These results might help elucidate the mechanism of fruiting differentiation and improve breeding efficiency.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.210-215
• /
• 1989

In order to elucidate and characterize the signal transduction pathway(s) whereby yeast cells respond to mating pheromone, we have isolated mutants which are able to conjugate in the absence of the alpha-factor receptor. Sixty-one suppressors of a ste2-deletion mutation which also confer a ts conditional "start" arrest phenotypw have been subjected to genetic analysis. The mutants could be assigned to three complementation groups designated CDC70, CDC72 and CDC73, which are unlinked to each other as well as to the previously identified start genes. Quantitation of mating ability of the cdc70, cdc72 and cdc73 mutations in a ste2-deletion background gives levels ranging from 0.1% to 0.3% of wild type, depending on the allele and the gene. The results indicate that the signals from mating pheromone might be mediated by the CDC70, CDC72 and CDC73 products. products.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제60권1호
• /
• pp.15-47
• /
• 2021

성페로몬은 곤충 종 특이적으로 교미신호를 전달하는 화학신호물질이다. 곤충의 촉각에는 이러한 성페로몬 화학물질을 받아들이는 특이적 수용체를 지닌다. 성페로몬이 이 수용체에 결합하면서 감각전위를 발생시키고 이는 대뇌로 전달되어 정보 인식을 통해 교미행동을 유발하게 한다. 성페로몬은 또한 해충의 발생을 모니터링하는 데 이용되어 온도발육모델과 더불어 향후 발생상황을 예측하는 데 널리 이용되고 있다. 더불어 성페로몬이 해충의 대량포획, 유살 또는 교미교란을 유발하여 직접적으로 방제에 응용된다. 본 종설은 성페로몬과 관련된 곤충 생리 및 이를 이용한 해충관리기술을 소개한다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제60권4호
• /
• pp.363-367
• /
• 2021

본 연구는 성페로몬에 대한 열대거세미나방 수컷 성충의 촉각 반응 및 중복 교미 여부를 확인하기 위해 수행하였다. 성페로몬 성분인 Z9-14:Ac에 대한 열대거세미나방 수컷 성충의 촉각 반응은 농도 의존적으로 농도가 증가할수록 크게 나타났다. 조사한 7성분 중 Z9-14:Ac 성분에 대한 촉각 반응이 가장 컸다. 성페로몬의 혼합 성분에 대한 촉각 반응이 단일 성분에 비해 컸다. 열대거세미나방 수컷 성충은 실험실 조건에서 중복교미가 가능하고, 첫 교미율이 58.3%인데 비해서 두 번째 교미율이 72.2%로 증가하였다. 교미한 수컷 성충의 촉각 반응과 교미하지 않은 수컷 성충의 촉각 반응의 차이가 없었다. 성페로몬 트랩에 교미하지 않은 수컷이 시험기간 중에 포획되지 않았다. 대조구인 교미하지 않은 암컷 성충을 장착한 트랩에서도 교미하지 않은 수컷 성충은 포획되지 않았다. 비록 실내에서 교미한 수컷 성충은 성페로몬 성분에 대해 교미하지 않은 수컷 성충처럼 촉각 반응을 보였다고 할지라도 실제 야외 망실 하우스에서 교미를 한번 한 수컷 성충은 비행 능력 등 활력의 문제로 트랩에 포획되지 않았을 가능성이 있다고 생각된다. 야외 노지에서 열대거세미나방 성페로몬에 대한 수컷 성충의 유인 정도는 추후 좀 더 많은 검토가 필요할 것으로 본다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.25-30
• /
• 1981

성 pheromone을 이용한 이화명나방의 교미교란효과를 구명하고저 합성 성 pheromone, (Z)-11-hexadecenal과 (Z)-13-octadecenal을 4,5 : 1로 공시하여 본 시험을 야외에서 수행한 결과 1화기에는 30a당 합성성 pheromone 29.3g 처리한 구에서 $90.4\%$의 교미교란효과가 인정되었고 2화기에는 $20m^2$당 합성 성 pheromone 33mg 처리까지도 교란효과가 있었다.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국균학회 2018년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
• /
• pp.37-37
• /
• 2018

Mating type of Lentinula edodes is determined by two unlinked genetic loci, A and B. To better understand mating behavior of L. edodes, we investigated variations in mating type genes in129 dikaryotic strains collected from East Asia. Through sequence analysis of A locus, we discovered that hypervariable region spanning N-term of HD2-intergenic region-N-term of HD1 could represent A mating type. Mating and hypervariable region analyses revealed 70 unique A mating types: 27 from 98 cultivated strains, 53 from 31 wild strains, and 10 commonly found. It was also revealed that only a few A mating type alleles such as A1, A4, A5, and A7 were prevalent in cultivated strains. Contrarily, A mating type in wild strains was highly diverse: 23 unique A alleles were discovered in small mountainous area in Korean peninsula, suggesting rapid evolution of A mating type in nature. The B locus was assessed by allelic variations in pheromone (PHB) and pheromone receptor (RCB) pairs which constituted subloci Ba and Bb. Sequence analyses and mating assay revealed 5 alleles of RCB1 with 9 associated PHBs in Ba sublocus and 3 alleles of RCB2 with 5 associated PHBs in Bb sublocus. Each RCB was primarily associated with two PHBs. Each PHB-RCB pair was always discovered as a distinct unit. This allowed us to propose 15 B mating types via combinations of five Ba and three Bb subloci. Further investigation on 129 strains confirmed that the B locus, unlike the A locus, was indeed restricted to 15 mating types. Thus, the total number of mating types became 1,050 in L. edodes through a combination of 70 A and 15 B. This number will further increase because of rapid diversification of A mating type. Our findings provide a comprehensive and practical knowledge on mating behaviors of L. edodes.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제61권1호
• /
• pp.63-75
• /
• 2022

페로몬을 비롯한 화학통신물질들은 곤충의 화학 통신에 이용되는 물질들로 개체군 모니터링, 대량 포획 및 교미교란 등에 폭넓게 이용되고 있다. 본 종설에서는 북방수염하늘소, 솔수염하늘소, 솔껍질깍지벌레, 광릉긴나무좀, 회양목명나방, 솔알락명나방, 매미나방, 복숭아유리나방, 별박이자나방 등 국내 주요 산림해충의 페로몬 연구현황을 소개하고 국외의 연구 결과와 비교하였다. 국내 연구현황 분석을 통해 추후 산림해충 페로몬 연구 방향을 제시하고 발전 방향에 대해 제언하였다.