• 모자간호학회지
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.172-186
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• 1993

The survey was performed on 201 cases of mothers who visited pediatric hospitals and public health clinics in Pusan and Kyeong-nam provinces from Dec. 10 to Dec. 30 of 1993. If this study, each infant weighed over 2500gm and between 2 months and 12 months old. The research was statistically analyzed according to the percentage, Pearson correlation, $x^2$-test. The result of this study were as follows ; 1. Feeding method related to the job of mother (p<0.01). 2. Feeding method related to the way of bringing up child(p<0.05). 3. Whether the mother and child shared the same room effected the feeding method (p<0.01). 4. The shape of nipple before breast feeding related to feeding method. 5. The reason for stopping breast feeding related to feeding method(p<0.01). 6. First breast feeding related to period of seperation after delivery(p<0.05). 7. Plan of breast feeding related to birth weight (p<0.05).

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.131-146
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• 2009

Purpose: The purposes of this descriptive survey study were to describe levels of father involvement in child-rearing and maternal depression. Method: Data were collected from 277 mothers who had one to three years old infant at 8 day care centers and 2 public health centers in S and B city. The instrument used for this study was a self-report questionnaire that included the father involvement in child-rearing scale and maternal depression(BDI). Results: The mean score for father involvement in child-rearing was $44.60{\pm}12.06$. For father involvement in child-rearing, there were significant differences according to chid birth order, father's education, mother's job, income, marriage satisfaction, support for child-rearing. The mean for maternal depression was $10.24{\pm}7.70$. For maternal depression, there were significant differences according to mother's religion, parent's education, father's job, income, marriage satisfaction, support for child-rearing. There is significant difference in the maternal depression according to the father involvement in child-rearing. Conclusion: Father involvement in child-rearing and maternal depression influence child development. It is essential to assess father's participation in child-rearing and maternal depression, to develop knowledge about role of father for child health.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.106-118
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• 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study is to survey on the effect of Korean medicine health promotion program for maternal health. Methods: We conducted Korean medicine health promotion program for maternal health to pregnant women who agreed to participate in this program among 10 public health center. Before and after program, we surveyed the Knowledge Score of Maternal Health Care, Practice of Health Behavior, (Traditional) Child Care Recognition, Depression, Child Caring Confidence and analyzed DID(Difference In Difference). Results: The Knowledge Score of Maternal Health Care of intervention group was improved about 1 point. The improvement of (Traditional) Child Care Recognition was significant. Depression score of intervention group was improved high significantly. The Child Caring Confidence of intervention group was improved about 1.3 point. Conclusion: As a result of analyzing the effect of Korean medicine health promotion program for maternal health, it is confirmed that this program can have an impact on improving Knowledge Score of Maternal Health Care, (Traditional) Child Care Recognition, Depression, Child Caring Confidence. It will be necessary to continue and develop this program widely.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.217-224
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• 2004

Purpose: This comparative descriptive study was conducted to determine the effects of maternal employment on the maternal child-rearing attitude, child-rearing burden, and temperament and health related variables of their preschool children. Method: Samples were recruited in child care centers in Seoul, Daejeon, and Suwon. 209 mothers with children age of three to six participated. Result: Employed mothers showed more positive child-rearing attitude, but there was no significant difference in child-rearing burden, Also, maternal attitude and child-rearing burden were influenced by satisfaction on the employment state. Children's temperament subscales were not different in two groups. Breast feeding and compliance on vaccination were done better by unemployed mothers. However, home safety, experience of accident and hospitalization of children were not affected by maternal employment. Conclusion: Maternal employment has positive influence in some aspects. This study provides basic data for parent counseling and anticipatory guidance for employed mothers.

• Genes and Genomics
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.1339-1349
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• 2018

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive neurological disease, of which susceptibility is linked to genetic and environmental risk factors. More and more studies have shown that CP might be caused by multiple genetic factors, similar to other neurodevelopmental disorders. Due to the high genetic heterogeneity of CP, we focused on investigating related molecular pathways. Ten children with CP were collected for whole-exome sequencing by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Customized processes were used to identify potential pathogenic pathways and variants. Three pathways (axon guidance, transmission across chemical synapses, protein-protein interactions at synapses) with twenty-three genes were identified to be highly correlated with CP. This study showed that the three pathways associated with CP might be the molecular mechanism of pathogenesis. These findings could provide useful clues for developing pathway-based pharmacotherapies. Further studies are required to confirm potential roles for these pathways in the pathogenesis of CP.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1213-1227
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• 2023

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a prevalent obstetric condition. This study aimed to investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in regulating the inflammatory response and gut microbiota structure in FGR. An FGR animal model was established in rats, and ODN1668 and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were administered. Changes in gut microbiota structure were assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was conducted. HTR-8/Svneo cells were treated with ODN1668 and HCQ to evaluate cell growth. Histopathological analysis was performed, and relative factor levels were measured. The results showed that FGR rats exhibited elevated levels of TLR9 and myeloid differentiating primary response gene 88 (MyD88). In vitro experiments demonstrated that TLR9 inhibited trophoblast cell proliferation and invasion. TLR9 upregulated lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS-binding protein (LBP), interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α while downregulating IL-10. TLR9 activated the TARF3-TBK1-IRF3 signaling pathway. In vivo experiments showed HCQ reduced inflammation in FGR rats, and the relative cytokine expression followed a similar trend to that observed in vitro. TLR9 stimulated neutrophil activation. HCQ in FGR rats resulted in changes in the abundance of Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group at the family level and the abundance of Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group and Bacteroides at the genus level. TLR9 and associated inflammatory factors were correlated with Bacteroides, Prevotella, Streptococcus, and Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group. FMT from FGR rats interfered with the therapeutic effects of HCQ. In conclusion, our findings suggest that TLR9 regulates the inflammatory response and gut microbiota structure in FGR, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of FGR and suggesting potential therapeutic interventions.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.390-398
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• 2007

Purpose: This comparative descriptive study was conducted to determine differences in maternal health related characteristics, child rearing burden, and social support depending on economic status. Method: Using home visits, data were collected from 100 poverty stricken mothers, 51 in the extremely poor group and 49 in the low income group, and 200 mothers of a general group being seen in one public health center. The instrument used for this study was a self-report questionnaire to identify maternal health variables including child rearing burden and social support. Results: Parent's education level, marital status, and primary caregiver were significantly different according to socioeconomic status. Poverty stricken groups showed poor rates for prenatal checkups, lower Fe supplementation, and more artificial abortions and history of cesarean section. Continuing breast feeding as planned was significantly lower for mothers with low economic status. Present health problems of the mother, child-rearing burden, and social support were not significantly different among the three groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that special attention and interventions for the poverty stricken groups is important to improve maternal and child health status.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.76-83
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was aimed at investigating the relationship between retention of the maternal child health handbook, awareness of DPT additional immunization and DPT additional immunization, and to provide basic information to enhance the DPT additional immunization rate. Method: The study subjects were 312 women whose children were between four and six years old, and residing in six provinces of Gyungsangnam do. Data was collected with a 10 item questionnaire by interviews from July 1st to 30th, 2003, and analyzed with descriptive statistics and X2 test at a significance level of 0.05, by two tailed test. Results: The awareness of DPT additional immunization was significantly higher in the women who retained the maternal child health handbook, than their counterparts. The rate of DPT additional immunization was significantly higher in the women who were aware of the DPT additional immunization or who retained the maternal child health handbook, than their counterpart. Conclusion: The DPT additional immunization rate was related to retention of the maternal child health handbook and awareness of DPT additional immunization. Therefore it is recommended that measures be developed and taken to increase the retention rate of the maternal child health handbook and awareness of DPT additional immunization, to enhance the rate of DPT additional immunization.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.52-55
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to report a successful pregnancy using completely immotile frozen-thawed spermatozoa selected by laser. A single laser shot was used to detect the presence of viable immotile spermatozoa in fresh and frozen-thawed testicular spermatozoa. The viability rate was 55.8% after the laser detection, and cryopreservation was carried out immediately. The thawing test was performed on the day of oocyte pick-up, and no motile sperm were observed after extending the culture for another 4 hours, while a survival rate of 39.8% was detected using the laser. In all, five mature oocytes were injected, resulting in four cases of normal fertilization (80%) on day 1. Further, two high-quality day 3 embryos were transferred, which resulted in a singleton pregnancy. Our study demonstrates that completely immotile spermatozoa are worth cryopreserving for further intracytoplasmic sperm injection, which provides a new insight into male fertility preservation in cases of completely immotile spermatozoa.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2009

In recent years, reductions in infant mortality have mainly been accomplished by improving the survival of premature and low birth weight infants, however premature infants still remain at great risk. The purpose of this study was to review the maternal child health service related to premature infants and to provide a future direction for improving maternal child health (MCH) in Korea. We reviewed two MCH services which are directly related to premature infants: 1) a registry and financial support program for families with a premature infant, and 2) financial support to build neonatal intensive care units in rural public hospitals. Suggestions are made for the development of a national vital signs record system to identify high risk infants and to monitor the trends in infant mortality due to prematurity. Prevention efforts and preconception care for childbearing women is also an important strategy to reduce the rate of preterm births. Finally, we need consider long-term follow-up plans for premature infants for a successful transit to the special education system. Developing MCH policy related to premature infants that decreases the occurrence of premature may decrease infant mortality, and also improve maternal and child health services.