• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.306-311
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• 2004

Background : The roles of antioxidants in the placenta and genetic susceptibility to oxidant chemicals in relation to neonatal birth weight have not been elucidated. We determined whether the level of placental manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and its genetic polymorphism plays any role in oxidative stress and neonatal birth weight. Methods : We measured placental MnSOD and determined MnSOD genetic polymorphism among 108 pregnant women who were hospitalized for delivery and their singleton live births in Korea. Main outcome measurements are maternal urinary malondialdehyde (MDA) and birth weight. Results : Maternal urinary concentrations of MDA were significantly associated with neonatal birth weight (P=0.04). The enzyme level of placental MnSOD was also significantly associated with MDA concentration (P=0.04) and neonatal birth weight (p<0.01). We observed dose-response relationships between placental MnSOD and maternal urinary MDA, and neonatal birth weight after adjusting for maternal weight, height, age, and neonatal sex. After controlling for covariates, MnSOD variant genotype increased maternal urinary MDA concentrations (p<0.01) and reduced birth weight by 149 gm (P=0.08). Conclusions : This study demonstrates that the placental level of MnSOD during pregnancy significantly affects fetal growth by reducing oxidative stress, and that genetic polymorphism of MnSOD probably modulate the effects of oxidants on fetal growth.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2013

Objectives: The objective of this study is to examine the association between the children's psychopathology and age, intellectual quotient, and parental psychopathology in children with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods: The emotional and behavioral problems of 35 children with PTSD (23 boys, 12 girls, mean age, $10.26{\pm}2.47$ years) were investigated by retrospective chart review. Their parents' anxiety and depression symptoms were also investigated. We examined the correlations between children's psychopathology and their parents' anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as their age and IQ. Results: There were positive correlations between maternal trait anxiety and depression, and children's emotional problems. State and trait anxiety of children with PTSD were positively correlated with age, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms were negatively correlated with age. Conclusion: Our results suggest that psychiatric manifestation of children who experienced trauma could differ according to the development stage, and the treatment of children with PTSD should involve parental education about the effect of maternal emotional states on children.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2021

Purpose: This study compared maternal age at childbirth, the number of live births, and the weight of live births between Korean women and immigrant women using statistical data from the Republic of Korea for the period of 2008-2018. Methods: The analysis was conducted using data from the Microdata Integrated Service of Statistics Korea (https://mdis.kostat.go.kr/index.do). Results: Korean women and immigrant women showed a higher age at childbirth in 2018 than in 2008. The percentage of newborns of Korean women with a birth weight of less than 2.5 kg increased slightly for 3 consecutive years from 2016 to 2018, whereas for immigrant women, this percentage increased in 2017 compared to 2016 and then decreased again in 2018. Very low birth weight (less than 1.5 kg) became more common among immigrant women from 2016 to 2018. Birth at a gestational age of fewer than 37 weeks increased both among Korean and immigrant women from 2016 to 2018. In both groups, the percentage of women who had their first child within their first 2 years of marriage decreased from 2008 to 2018. Conclusion: Immigrant women had higher birth rates than Korean women, while both groups showed an increasing trend in preterm birth. Greater attention should be paid to the pregnancy and birth needs of immigrant women, and steps are needed to ensure health equity and access in order to prevent preterm births. It is also necessary to identify factors that affect preterm birth and birth of very low birth weight infants among immigrant women in the future.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.221-226
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• 1996

IBD's antibody level and morphological change of immune organ was examined in chicken. The results were as follows ; 1. Seventy percent at 42 day and 40% at 45 day of age chickens were reacted positively by the agar gel immunodiffusion test and 42 day and 45 day of age chickens indicated 1859, 1425 by the ELISA test, respectively. 2. In 2 and 5 day young broiler chickens, the level of maternal antibody was not proper. B/B ratio showed low level, but S/B ratio and BS were normal. 3. In layer, 100% of 8 and 86 day of age chicken and 70% at 40 day of age chicken had antibody aganist IBDV. The level of antibody was high as 2293 and 3336 in 8 and 86 day of age chicken, while was low as 1186 in 40 day of age chicken. B/B ratio showed low level and S/B ratio high level, but BS was normal.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 1993

본 연구는 $1990 1 1{\sim}1992 12 31$ 기간 중 서울대학 어린이 병원 소아정신과와 중앙 대학부속 용산병원 소아청소년 크리닉을 방문한 자폐아동 중에서 1986년 및 1988년에 출생한 환자를 대상으로 하여 출생계절 및 출생순위, 자폐아 출산 당시의 산모 연령에 어떤 특이점이 있는지를 알아보기 위해 일반 인구집단의 출생자료와 비교하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 자폐아군은 총 357명이었으며 이중 남아가 319명 (89.4%), 여아가 38명(10.4%)으로 남녀 성비는 8.4:1이었다.2) 자폐아군의 월별분포나 계절별분포에 있어 대조군과 차이가 없었다. 3) Slater 및 Greenwood-Yule 방법에 의한 자폐아군의 출생순위를 대조군과 비교 분석한 결과 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다.4) 자폐아군은 일반 대조군에 비해 출생 당시의 산모의 연령이 통계적으로 의미있게 높았다(p<01) 5) 출산의 위험도가 높은 임신은 일반 대조군에 비해 자폐아군에서 통계적으로 의미있게 많았다(p<01)

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.84-102
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• 1998

In this study the levels and influencing characteristics of maternal identity and self confidence for caring the baby were identified during the immediate postpartum period. 114 primiparous women who delivered vaginally normal baby participated in the survey from August 1 to October 31, 1996. SD scale was to measure maternal identity which consisted of 11 items for mother and 6 items for baby. Likert scale was to measure self confidence for caring the baby (38 items). Cronbach's alphas for evaluating internal consistency as follows : .86 for maternal identity and .96 for self confidence scale for caring the baby. The study showed these results : 1. Mean score of maternal identity(82.03 : 52.65 for mother, 29.38 for baby) was considered relatively low. 2. Mean score of self confidence for caring the baby(113.91) was considered relatively low. 3. There were significant influencing characteristics of primiparous to maternal identity : age(total ; F=3.53, p=.0329, for mother ; F=2.60, p=.0719, for baby ; F=3.12, p=.0481), prenatal infant care preparation(total ; t=2.31, p=.0306, for mother ; F=2.62, p=.0160), knowledge about infant care during the hospitalization(for baby ; F=3.94, p=.02222), colostrum feeding(total ; t=1.95, p=.0541, for baby ; t=2.71, p=.0080), frequency of breast feeding during the hospitalization(for baby ; F=3.91, p=.0228)and feeding type after discharge(for baby ; F=3.18, p=.0456). 4. There were significant influencing characteristics of primiparous to self confidence for caring the baby : routine husband support(F=6.09, p=.0031), prenatal infant care preparation(t=2.04, p=.0574), knowledge about infant care during the hospitalization(F=3.15, p=.0467), education of breast feeding during the hospitalization(t=-1.79, p=.0850). 5. Correlation between maternal identity and self confidence for caring the baby was r=.37608(p=.0001). This study implies that special education programs for primipara are needed. For the future, this study suggest that maternal role variables need to be monitored through the home visiting follow up. Also intervention programs related to prenatal care, discharge education, home visiting follow up need to be developed and then evaluated their effectiveness.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.276-282
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• 1989

모성연령 및 출산순위의 변화가 출생시 체중에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 부산시내 1개 대학병원, 5개 종합병원,1개 병원, 1개 의원, 1개 조산소에서 분만된 1977년 7,786건과 1987년 8,671건의 단태아를 대상으로 산실의 분만대장에서 출생시 체중, 모성연령 그리고 출산순위를 조사하였다. 모성 연령은 1977년에 25-29세가 56.4%, 30-34세가 18.8%였으나 1987년에는 25-29세가 65.1%, 30-34세가 21.6%로 증가하였으며, 24세이하군과 35세 이상군의 출생아 비율은 감소하였다. 출산순위별 분포는 1977년에 1,2순위 출생아가 각각 56.9%, 28.8%였는데 1987년에는 각각 59.9%, 36.8%로 증가한 반면 3,4순위는 1977년에 10.6%, 3.6%에서 1987년에 각각 2.8%, 0.5%로 감소하였다. 저 체중아 출생률은 1977년에 5.3%였는데 1987년에는 4.0%였고, 이 가운데 직접표준화법을 응용하여 추정한 모성연령 및 출산순위별 변화가 저체중아 출생률 감소에 기여한 것은 10.7% 이었다. 나머지 89.3%는 모성 연령 및 출산순위별 저 체중아 출산률의 감소에 기인한 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1395-1403
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• 2008

The objective of the present study was to estimate genetic parameters for economic traits in Markhoz goats. Data collected from 1993 to 2006 by the Markhoz goat Performance Testing Station in Sanandaj, Iran, were analyzed. The traits recorded as body weight performance at birth (BW), weaning (WW), six month (6MW), nine month (9MW), yearling (YW) and yearling fleece weight (YFW) were investigated. Least square analyses were used for estimation of environmental effects. Genetic parameters were estimated with single and multi trait analysis using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedures, under animal models. By ignoring or including maternal additive genetic effects and maternal permanent environmental effects, five different models were fitted for each trait. The effects of sex, type of birth, age of dam and year of birth on the all body weights were significant (p<0.01), but had no effects on YFW except year of birth. Age of kids had significant influences on WW and 6MW (p<0.01). A log likelihood ratio test was carried out for choosing the most suitable model for each trait. Total heritability estimates for YFW and growth traits varied from 0.16 for YFW and WW to 0.41 for YW. For all traits, maternal heritability was lower than direct heritability, ranging from 0.06 for BW to 0.01 for 6MW and 9MW. The magnitude of $c^2$ was more substantial for BW than the others, and relative importance was reduced from 0.12 for BW to 0.04 for 9MW. The direct additive genetic correlations estimates were positive and varied from 0.21 between BW-YW to 0.96 between WW-6MW. Direct additive genetic correlations between YFW and body weight traits were positive and ranged from 0.14 between BW-YFW to 0.67 between 6MW-YFW. For all traits, the corresponding estimates for phenotypic correlation were positive and lower than genetic correlations. The maternal additive genetic correlations between various traits were varied and ranged from -0.19 between 9MW-YFW to 0.96 between 6MW-9MW. The estimates of the maternal permanent environmental correlations between various traits were positive and ranged from 0.33 between WW-YFW to 0.93 between WW-6MW. Also, the environmental correlations between various traits ranged from 0.01 between BW-YFW and WW-YFW to 0.70 between 9MW-YW. Estimates of genetic parameters for various traits in this study confirm that selection should be applied on WW for genetic improvement in Markhoz goats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.633-639
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• 2008

The genetic relationship of gestation length (GL) with birth and weaning weight (BW, WW) was investigated using data collected from the Hanwoo Experiment Station, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Republic of Korea. Analytical mixed models including birth year‐season, sex of calf, linear and quadratic covariates of age of dam (days) and linear covariate of age at weaning (days) as fixed effects were used. Corresponding restricted maximum likelihood (REML) and Bayesian estimates of variance components and heritability were obtained with two models; Model 1 included only direct genetic effect and Model 2 included direct genetic, maternal genetic and permanent environmental effect. All the genetic parameter estimates from REML were corresponding to the Bayesian estimates. Direct heritability estimates for GL, BW, and WW were 0.48, 0.33 and 0.25 by Model 1. From Model 2, direct and maternal heritability estimates were 0.38 and 0.03 for GL, 0.14 and 0.05 for BW, and 0.08 and 0.05 for WW. Genetic correlation estimates between direct and maternal effects were 0.05 for GL, 0.59 for BW, and 0.52 for WW. Estimates of direct genetic correlation between GL and BW (WW) were 0.44 (0.21). Positive genetic correlation of GL with BW and WW imply that selection for greater BW or WW would lead to prolonged gestation length.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.202-209
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• 2016

Purpose: This paper examined the relationship between knowledge differences of maternal oral health and of relevant demographic variables. Methods: Participants included 239 pregnant women who were recruited from Women's Hospital located in B city who agreed to participate in this study. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis using the SPSS 21.0 program. Results: Maternal knowledge of oral health was moderate level ($10.22{\pm}2.36$). Scores of maternal knowledge of oral health were different according to age, education, occupation, parity, and dental care experience in pregnancy. Level of oral healthcare knowledge was weakly related to age and education. Conclusion: Consequently, it is necessary to encourage pregnant women to take part in oral health education program during antenatal care.