• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.437-445
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• 2016

현재 많은 산업에서 구조물의 온도환경 유지를 위한 단열재로 폴리우레탄 폼이 사용되며, 수명 동안 정적 및 동적의 다양한 하중이 이에 부과된다. 폴리우레탄 폼은 고분자재료로써 다공성이며, 단열성능은 내부기공의 크기에 크게 의존한다. 또한, 폴리우레탄 폼의 기계적 거동은 변형률 속도 및 온도에 대한 의존성이 큰 동시에 압축에 대하여 큰 비선형 연성거동을 보인다. 이러한 비선형 연성 압축거동 중에 폴리우레탄 폼은 변형률의 증가에 따라 기공율과 탄성계수의 감소를 보인다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 상기 특성들을 포함한 폴리우레탄 폼의 변형률 속도 및 온도 의존 비선형 압축거동을 모사하기 위하여 온도 의존 손상 점소성 구성방정식이 개발되었다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2005

Digital technology continually makes a space evolves. The real-time behavior design communicates the data with the situation of circumference of the space(visitors moving, interior and exterior situations). The space form was changed because it interfaces in real time. The purpose of this study was finding out the characteristics of real-time behavior space design through the analysis of space formative languages, sensorium, S-R and material. This study will be the one of basic references for the digital space design. The boundary of this study set limits to the works of digital space designer who applies the real-time exchanging data to their design among the digital space design works from 1996 to 2004. But it excepted from the real-time behavior space in virtual realty. Therefore, the objects of this study were the works of onl and NOX(paraSITE, Trans-port 2001, Muscle, MotormeCCa, Handdrawspace, Saltwater Pavilion, Son-O-House, H2O Expo). The method was the contents analysis of space formative languages(Greg Lynn's ten space formative languages; bleb, blob, branch, flower, fold, lattice, teeth, shred, skins and strand), sensorium, S-R and material. The results of the study are as follows: 1) The organizational elements; Space formative languages(bleb, blob, fold, shred, skins, strand), stimulation(Human Participation, Human Moving, Weather Conditions), and response(Spatial Moving, Sound Pattern, Lighting Pattern, color Pattern, Activating Particles, Moving Picture, Virtual Friend) 2) The material Use; Sound, lights, and network have been used in the space. Immaterial matter will be used the main material of space design in 21"'century, 3)The spatial types; formal changing of space, projecting immaterial elements, and changing the sound.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2006

Al-Mg alloy, an open rack vaporizer(ORV) material was reported to be corroded in seawater environments though the ORV material was coupled to thermally sprayed Al-Zn alloy functioning a sacrificial anode. In addition, the corrosion behavior based on the calculated corrosion potential did not match the observed corrosion behavior. Hence, the goal of this study is to get better understanding on Al or Al-Mg alloy coupled to Al-Zn alloy and to provide the calculated corrosion potential representing the corrosion behavior of the ORV material by immersion test, electrochemical tests, and calculation of corrosion and galvanic potential. The corrosion potentials of Al and Al alloys also depended on alloying element as well as surface defects. The corrosion potentials of Al and Al-Mg alloy were changed with time. In the meantime, the corrosion potentials of Al-Zn alloys were not. The corrosion rates of Al-Zn alloys were exponentially increased with zinc contents. The phenomena were explained with the stability of passive film proved by passive current density depending on pH and confirmed by the model proposed by McCafferty. Dissimilar material crevice corrosion (DMCC) test shows that higher content of zinc caused Al-Mg alloy corroded more rapidly, which was due to the fact that higher corrosion rate of Al-Zn makes [$H^+$] and [$Cl^-$] more concentrated within pit solution to corrode Al-Mg alloy. Considering electrochemical reactions within pit as well as bulk in the calculation gives better prediction on the corrosion behavior of Al and Al-Mg alloy as well as the capability of Al-Zn alloy for corrosion protection.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.1455-1463
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• 2009

Theoretical mechanics analysis and finite element simulation were performed to investigate creep deformation behavior at the crack tip of transversely isotropic materials under small scale creep (SCC) conditions. Mechanical behavior of material was assumed as an elastic-$2^{nd}$ creep, which elastic modulus ( E ), Poisson's ratio ( ${\nu}$ ) and creep stress exponent ( n ) were isotropic and creep coefficient was only transversely isotropic. Based on the mechanics analysis for material behavior, a constitutive equation for transversely isotropic creep behavior was formulated and an equivalent creep coefficient was proposed under plain strain conditions. Creep deformation behavior at the crack tip was investigated through the finite element analysis. The results of the finite element analysis showed that creep deformation in transversely isotropic materials is dominant at the rear of the crack-tip. This result was more obvious when a load was applied to principal axis of anisotropy. Based on the results of the mechanics analysis and the finite element simulation, a corrected estimation scheme of the creep zone size was proposed in order to evaluate the creep deformation behavior at the crack tip of transversely isotropic creeping materials.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.77-92
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• 2002

This study analyzed the consumer behavior on the environmentally Benefical clothing through the substantial verification, which was based on theoretical reviews. It also aimed to provided marketing aspects on the design, raw material, product quality, price, and brand recognition of environmentally Benefical clothing. For the substantial, verification following questions were developed. 1) Consumers' interests in purchasing environmentally Benefical clothing. 2) The consumer behavior on the environmental factors of the design, raw material, product quality, price, and brand recognition of environmentally Benefical clothing. 3) The changes in the consumer behavior on negative aspects of environmentally Benefical clothing. 4) The reasons of unfavorable behavior of environmentally unconscious consumers on environmentally Benefical clothing. Substantial data was collected through a survey, conducted on two hundreds and twenty-nine male and female students in graduate and undergraduate schools, resided in Seoul. The collected data was analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Science for Windows, version 8.0, and X2 and T-test were performed. Those results and issues, developed in the analysis of consumer behavior on the environmentally Benefical clothing, could be utilized in the environmental management and the marketing activity for the clothing companies.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2001

In this study, a computer program considering shape imperfections of arch under dynamic loading was developed. The shape imperfection of arch was assumed as higher degree polynomial expressed as $\omega$$_{i}$ = $\omega$$_{o}$ (1-(2$\chi$/L)$^{m}$ )$^n$and sinusoidal curve such as $\omega$$_{i}$ = $\omega$$_{o}$ sin(η$\pi$$\chi$/L). In finite element formulation, the material nonlinear behavior was assumed the elasto-viscoplastic model highly corresponding to the real behavior of the material and the geometrically nonlinear behavior was modeled using Lagrangian description of motion. Also, the behavior of steel was modeled by applying yield criteria of Von Mises. The developed program was applied to the analysis of the dynamic behavior for the clamped beam subjected to the concentrated load at midspan and the results were compared with those from other research to investigate accuracy of the presented finite element program. In numerical examples, the shape imperfections of L/500, L/1,000 and L/2,000 were considered and the modes of shape imperfections of the symmetric and antisymmetric were adopted. The effects of the shape imperfections on the dynamic behavior of arch were conspicuous and results of analysis indicate that the reasonable values of arch rise to arch span ratio ranged between 0.1 and 0.3.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 고 전압, 고 응력 하에 있는 압전 재료의 재료 비선형 거동을 실험적으로 밝히고, 수치적으로 모사하였다. 응력 하에서, 압전 재료의 비선형 거동을 표현 할 수 있는 실험식을 압전 변형율에서 만들어 내었다. 그 식은 재료 비선형 해석을 위하여, 증분 형태의 유한요소 식에 적용되었다. 압전 상수에 대한 새로운 정의와 증분 형태로 표현된 압전 변형율이 보다 나은 비선형 거동의 복원을 위하여 유한 요소 정식화과정에 적용되었다. 이것으로, 높은 전기장 영역에서도, 박판형 압전 재료의 비선형 거동을 정확하게 복원하였다. 일련의 수행된 실험과 연구 과정의 검증을 위하여, 압전재료 바이모프 보 작동기가 수치적으로와 실험적으로 사용되었다. 재료 비선형 유한요소해석으로 예측된 변위와 실험으로 구해진 변위가 잘 일치함을 확인하였다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.152-159
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• 2010

최근 친환경 재료와 구조물에 대한 관심이 증대되면서 친환경 재료인 황토에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 황토는 건설 및 마감 재료로 사용된 전통적인 친환경 건설 재료 중의 하나이다. 황토는 높은 축열성, 습도 조절 능력, 자정력, 탈취 및 항균성능, 인체에 유익한 다량의 원적외선이 방사되는 점 등 건설 재료로서 많은 장점을 갖고 있다. 그러나, 황토는 낮은 강도특성과 건조수축 균열 특성 때문에 현대 건설에 사용되지 않고 있는 실정이다. 최근 연구자들의 연구결과에 따르면, 황토는 플라이 애쉬나 포졸란 같은 천연 포졸란 재료로 사용될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 황토와 슬래그, 재생 PET 섬유가 혼입된 콘크리트의 역학적 성질과 구조적인 휨 거동 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 황토콘크리트의 압축강도와 탄성계수는 기준 시멘트 콘크리트 시편보다 상대적으로 낮게 평가되었으며, 철근 콘크리트 보의 휨 거동은 거의 유사하게 나타났다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.367-383
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• 2023

In this investigation, an improved integral trigonometric shear deformation theory is employed to examine the vibrational behavior of the functionally graded (FG) sandwich plates resting on visco-Pasternak foundations. The studied structure is modelled with only four unknowns' variables displacements functions. The simplicity of the developed model being in the reduced number of variables which was made with the help of the use of the indeterminate integral in the formulation. The current kinematic takes into consideration the shear deformation effect and does not require any shear correction factors as used in the first shear deformation theory. The equations of motion are determined from Hamilton's principle with including the effect of the reaction of the visco-Pasternak's foundation. A Galerkin technique is proposed to solve the differentials governing equations, which enables one to obtain the semi-analytical solutions of natural frequencies for various clamped and simply supported FG sandwich plates resting on visco-Pasternak foundations. The validity of proposed model is checked with others solutions found in the literature. Parametric studies are performed to illustrate the impact of various parameters as plate dimension, layer thickness ratio, inhomogeneity index, damping coefficient, vibrational mode and elastic foundation on the vibrational behavior of the FG sandwich plates.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.187-206
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• 2007

A rational three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model is described and implemented for evaluating the behavior of high strength concrete slabs under transverse load. The concrete was idealized by using twenty-nodded isoparametric brick elements with embedded reinforcements. The concrete material modeling allows for normal (NSC) and high strength concrete (HSC), which was calibrated based on experimental data. The behavior of concrete in compression is simulated by an elastoplastic work-hardening model, and in tension a suitable post-cracking model based on tension stiffening and shear retention models are employed. The nonlinear equations have been solved using the incremental iterative technique based on the modified Newton-Raphson method. The FE formulation and material modeling is implemented into a finite element code in order to carry out the numerical study and to predict the behavior up to ultimate conditions of various slabs under transverse loads. The validity of the theoretical formulations and the program used was verified through comparison with available experimental data, and the agreement has proven to be very good. A parametric study has been also carried out to investigate the influence of different material and geometric properties on the behavior of HSC slabs. Influencing factors, such as concrete strength, steel ratio, aspect ratio, and support conditions on the load-deflection characteristics, concrete and steel stresses and strains were investigated.