• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2009

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of stretching and strengthening exercise on the static flexibility and pain intensity for the iliopsoas muscle, which is one of the main reasons for the chronic low back pain. Methods: The subjects of this study were 15 male adult patients with showed 6 score or higher in the visual analogue scale(VAS) and complained of low back pain over three months who visited department of the physical therapy, KIA motors Industrial Health Center, from October, 2008 through December, 2008. Fifteen subjects were trained stretching, mat exercises and sling exercises for iliopsoas muscle at 4-5 times a week for 4 weeks. I measured the changes on the extensibility of iliopsoas muscle, static flexibility of low back and VAS between pre- and post exercise treatment. Date were analyzed using the Wilcoxon's signed rank test considering the size of the samples. Results: 1. The angle of the hip joint that showed the extensibility of iliopsoas muscle was relieved, which was significant statistically (p<.05). 2. The static flexibility was statistically significantly improved in the trunk flexion test, trunk extension test and Schober-Test (p<.05). 3. The VAS showed decrease, which is significant statistically (p<.05). Conclusion: It is believed that the exercise treatment of iliopsoas muscle has the significant effects on the improvement of static flexibility and decrease of pain intensity for the chronic low back pain patients.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.216-228
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• 2010

Recently, there is a new issue, among the contemporary people, for new life style, such as green design and well being. This trend brought up the necessity that there should be alternatives for interior spatial design. In order to catch up with these new issues, the new convenient and environment friendly methods are in need. Space composition using setting-up is skill that can express both the structural aspect and esthetic because it represents traditional beauty into the contemporary age through the structural rigidity and formal beauty. Also the lumber, as main materials for setting up, is in line with well being life style and environment friendliness. The construction of structure by setting-up has advantages in terms of the reuse and the convenience in that the construction of structure is adjustable according to environment. And setting-up has enough plasticity not only because of its own role as linking the objects but also because of being framed by itself. Therefore setting-up will be a design element, if it is expressed outward. Thus, this study aims to give a guide line about how to apply the result from the evaluating that "what is the most suitable setting-up" and "what is the most suitable detail setting-up", based on that structural rigidity, decorativeness and the ease of works. As a result of evaluation, the most excellent types of setting-up in terms of structural rigidity are "Jangbu" and "Panjae" and "Yeongui". The most excellent types of setting-up in terms of decorativeness are "Panjae" and "Yeongui", and the most excellent type of the ease of work is "Mat". And also the most applicable detail setting-up for the utilization of spatial composition is proposed.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 2016

The rapid expansion of buildings and paved roads increases the risk of flood disaster in an urban area. One of the solutions can be the use of permeable pavements. This study evaluated the permeability of permeable blocks used for the roadway pavement. Joint fillers and mat sands of the investigated blocks met the corresponding standards. The flexural strength of the blocks was 5.29 MPa to meet these standards. Based on interior permeability test results after pollution, the four products evaluated were categorized into the following three levels: One for the $1^{st}$ level, one for the $2^{nd}$ level and two for the $3^{rd}$ level. From the field permeability test and pervious concrete infiltration test results nine months after their construction, all the products except one passed the quality standards of 0.1 mm/s.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.291-298
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• 2003

Recently, as the size of buildings structure becomes large increases, their mat area of building structure is supported or by an inhomogeneous foundation. This paper presents a vibration analysis on thick plates subjected to in-plane force is presented in this paper. The rectangular plate is isotropic, homogeneous, and composed of a linearly elastic material. A vibration analysis of the rectangular thick plate iwas done by useing ofarectangular finite element with 8 nodes and 9 nodes. In this study, the foundation was idealized as a Pasternak foundation model. A Pasternak foundation haves a shear layer on Winkler's model, which idealizes the foundation as a vertical spring. In order tTo analysze the vibration of a plate supported on by an inhomogeneous Pasternak foundation, the value of the Winkler foundation parameter of the central and border zones of the plate awere chosen as WFP1 and WFP2. (fFigure 4.). The Winkler foundation parameter of WFP1 and WFP2 is varied from 0 to 10, $10^2$, and $10^3$ and the shear foundation parameters is were 0, 5, and 10. The ratio of the in-plane force to the critical load iwas applied as 0.4 to 0.8

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.213-217
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• 2010

Sarcocystis sp. infection was investigated in 20 necropsied captive wild mammals and 20 birds in 2 petting zoos in Malaysia. The gross post-mortem lesions in mammals showed marbling of the liver with uniform congestion of the intestine, and for birds, there was atrophy of the sternal muscles with hemorrhage and edema of the lungs in 2 birds. Naked eye examination was used for detection of macroscopic sarcocysts, and muscle squash for microscopic type. Only microscopically visible cysts were detected in 8 animals and species identification was not possible. Histological examination of the sections of infected skeletal muscles showed more than 5 sarcocysts in each specimen. No leukocytic infiltration was seen in affected organs. The shape of the cysts was elongated or Circular, and the mean size reached $254{\times}24.5{\mu}m$ and the thickness of the wall up to $2.5{\mu}m$. Two stages were recognized in the cysts, the peripheral metrocytes and large numbers of crescent shaped merozoites. Out of 40 animals examined, 3 mammals and 5 birds were positive (20%). The infection rate was 15% and 25% in mammals and birds, respectively. Regarding the organs, the infection rate was 50% in the skeletal muscles followed by tongue and heart (37.5%), diaphragm (25%), and esophagus (12.5%). Further ultrastructural studies are required to identify the species of Sarcocystis that infect captive wild animals and their possible role in zoonosis.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.357-363
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• 2012

Several species belonging to the Gibberella fujikuroi species (Gf ) complex are commonly associated with rice and corn, not only causing serious diseases, but also producing fumonisins, a group of mycotoxins harmful to animals and humans. To characterize the population structure of the putative fumonisin-producing Gf complex in Korea, we obtained 276 candidate isolates from rice and corn harvested in 2009 and 2010 by diagnostic polymerase chain reaction with several specific primer sets. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using multilocus sequences (combined RPB2 and EF1A, totaling 1.6 kb) from these isolates. Among the 135 isolates from rice, F. fujikuroi (teleomorph: G. fujikuroi; 59.3%) and F. proliferatum (G. intermedia; 13.3%) were predominant, followed by F. concentricum (5.9%). Additionally, twenty-five (18.5%) rice isolates belonged in a distinct subclade of F. commune, a non-member of the Gf complex. In contrast, F. verticillioides was the most predominant species (38.3%) among the 141 corn isolates, and followed by F. fujikuroi (27.7%), F. proliferatum (14.9%), F. subglutinans (7.1%), and F. concentricum (2.8%). A single mating type (MAT1-1) was found predominantly among the Gf complex isolates examined. Possible distinct subclades were detected within the populations of F. fujikuroi and F. proliferatum; however, this needs further confirmation. This is the first reported population-level characterization of putative fumonisin-producing Gf complex associated with rice and corn in Korea.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.34-40
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• 2012

In this study, new antibacterial materials were developed to manufacture a functional corrugated board. Sulfur solution, a new antibacterial solution made from inorganic sulfur in the laboratory, and other antibacterial mat erials were adopted to treat the surface of a linerboard. We measured the antibacteriocidal and bacteriostatic activities, as well as the fungal resistance of the surface-treated linerboards, to identify the antibacterial properties. The mechanical properties of the surface-treated linerboard were also determined in order to identify the effects of the antibacterial materials on linerboard properties. Linerboard treated with sulfur solution, PVOH, and sodium metasulfite showed the highest antibacterial activity, while linerboard treated with sulfur solution and nano sulfur showed the highest fungal resistance. It was identified that sulfur solution has effective antibacterial properties. The antibacterial materials did not affect the mechanical properties of the surface-treated linerboard, but the binder showed significant effects in terms of the burst strength, the compressive strength, and the stiffness of the linerboard.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.3-13
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• 1983

Fiber mats were made at five density levels, using fibers from kraft pulp screening rejects, rice straw and a 50/50 mixture of the two. They were soaked in the sulfur compounds. Specimens cut from the composite panels were tested in flexure at time intervals for one year to study the effect of aging. Modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) were determined. Under optimum conditions of fiber mat preparation and saturation with molten sulfur and modified sulfur, composites were produced which exhibited mechanical properties comparable to conventional fiberglass in some properties and superior to conventional wood-based composition boards, For example. the moduli of elasticity of the reinforced composites made from pulp screening rejects, with a density of 0.35 gm/$cm^3$, were greater than 1,000,000 psi as compared 800.000 psi for high-density hardboard (1.28 gm/$cm^3$). Modulus of rupture of the best reinforced composites was about 7,000 psi, comparable to 6,000 psi of high-density hardboard.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.10-18
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• 1997

Sleeping is important for human being in that it has a great effect on their daily activities. Considering that an average adult sleeps seven to eight hours a third of our life is spent in bed. The present study intends to make consumers aware of the important of the bedding science and help the manufactures develop efficient, up-to-date beds. For these two purposes, consumers' recognitions and opinions on the features of the bedding were surveyed. In the study, a questionnaire consisting of various items on the features of the bedding was designed and distributed to consumers in 8 regions & Taegu in Korea to survey the patterns in which they buy, use, and maintain their bedding. The result of the study are as follows; Air conditioner is widely used popular because of hot weather in Taegu. People in Taegu mostly purchase their bedding from market, in every 5~6 years. The important point to be considered for bedding purchases were humidity absorption, air permeability, light weight in summer comforters, thermal insulation, flexibility, color figure design in winter comforters, humidity absorption, flexibility, color figure design in mats. As summer bedding, a sheet of single-layer quilt and rush mat were most popular which indicates climate of hot and humid weather in Taegu. Bedding uses in winter were in order a sheet of cotton, silk, wool quilt, and silk quilt showed high level in contrast to other areas. Dissatisfactions with summer quilts were humidity absorption, air permeability, heaviness and in winter quilts they were dissatisfied with thermal insulation, heaviness, flattening. In details about bedding managements, people in Taegu most frequently disinfected their bedding by sunlight in one month, and refinished every 5 years.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1996.06c
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• pp.967-976
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• 1996

Straw and other fibrous by-products are inevitably produced during cereal production and have traditionally been used for many purposes including feeding animals . The potential of these by -products as a feed resource for ruminants is being increasingly appreciated (FAO , 1977). In the future, the amount of cereals fed to farm animals will have to be reduced and livestock will have to rely more on by-products such as straw. The method of animal production can be classified by the major portion of feed. One is animal forage and the other is grains. In Korea , livestock farmers normally depend more than 70% upon grains for the feed stuff. The livestock production system causes the unbalance of nutrition, and results in low productivity of animal farming. In many livestock farms in Korea the rice straw is using as a major forage and the amount of rice straw fed takes 46% of total amount of required forages. Especially the rice straw is mainly using during spring, fall and winte season. However, there are still lots of problems to solved such as harvesting cost, transportation between rice farm ad livestock farm, and quality loss during drying and storage . Therefore the mechanization of straw harvesting is urgently needed to use the renewable agricultural by-products and to overcome the shortage of animal forage. The objective of this research is to develope a straw harvester with new concept which can solve the problems of the quality loss and the labor cost during drying in a field, collecting , and storage. The developed straw harvester is self-propelled machine rebuilt by rice combine and equipped with the pick-up device, the macerater and the mat-forming device.