• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.108-114
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• 2009

Purpose: This study utilized a nonequivalent control group pre-post test design to test the effects of foot massage on anxiety and sleep satisfaction response in preoperative patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Method: There were 40 subjects in the study (20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group). The experimental group received foot massage once a day for 2 days before their operation. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics including mean, percentage, Chi-square, and t-test. Results: There were significant differences between experimental group and control group in the level of the state anxiety, pulse rate, and sleep satisfaction. Conclusions: Foot massage was effective in reducing anxiety and improving sleep satisfaction in abdominal surgical patients before their operation. Thus, foot massage may be used as an independent nursing intervention. This intervention can be performed anywhere, requires no special equipment, is noninvasive, and does not interfere with patients' privacy.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.224-240
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• 2002

As social changes, there are growing number of instituted infants. Most of them were poor growth and developmental outcome due to situational and environmental vulnerability. Developmental interventions for this infants have been the subjects of debate for many years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of massage intervention on the physical growth of orphaned infants during the first 6 month of life. This study utilized equivalent control group with repeated measuring by quasi experimental design. Fifty eight orphaned infants were randomly assigned to control(n=28), or an experimental(n=30) group. In addition to routine orphanage care, infants in the experimental group received 15 minutes of massage intervention twice a day, 5 days a week, for 4 weeks. Data has been collected from April 1st, 2000 to August 31st, 2002 and were analyzed using SPSS/PC(Version 10.0) with chi-square test, t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA to determine the effectiveness of massage intervention and to test the homogeneity of general characteristics between experimental and control group. The results were as follows; Compared to the control group, the experimental group has gained significantly more weight(F=33.52, p < .0001) and had larger increases in length(F=10.04, p < .0001) and head circumference(F=49.78, p < .000) after the 4-week intervention period and at 6 months of age. These data demonstrate that massage intervention may be effective in facilitating growth for newborn infants placed in orphanages during first 6 months of life.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was performed to analyze the characteristics and effect sizes of intervention studies on foot-reflexo-massage applied to cancer patients. Methods: For meta-analysis, a total of 159 studies were retrieved from search engines such as RISS, nanet, KISS, richis and KoreaMed. 16 studies published from 1990 to 2010 were selected based on the inclusion criteria. The data were analyzed with the RevMan 5.0 program of Cochrane library. Results: 1) The mean score of 1 implement time on foot-reflexo-massage was 25.62 minutes, the average number of days was 4.12 days, and the total number of average intervention frequency was 4.25 times. 2) Intervention studies on foot-reflexo-massage included 9 studies on anxiety (56.3%), 7 for pain (43.8%), 5 for BP/pulse (31.3%), 5 for fatigue (31.3%), 3 for nausea/vomiting (18.8%), 3 for sleep satisfaction (18.8%), and 2 for depression (12.5%). 3) The effect sizes of the intervention studies that showed higher effect size were in order, anxiety (d=-1.76), fatigue (d=-1.43), depression (d=-1.03), nausea and vomiting (d=-0.83), pain (d=-0.77), pulse rate (d=-0.61), blood pressure (d=-0.55), and sleep satisfaction (d=0.43). Conclusion: This study suggests that foot-reflexo-massage can increase sleep satisfaction, whereas decreasing blood pressure, pulse rate, anxiety, fatigue, depression, nausea, vomiting and pain.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.465-474
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of hand massage in patients who underwent transradial percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent control group and non-synchronized design. The study included 30 patients in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. Hand massage was performed 2 times for 5 minutes each in the experimental group and the control group only received usual nursing interventions. Pain, level of discomfort, and vital signs were defined as key outcome measures, and the data were analyzed using the chi-square test, an independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, repeated-measures analysis of variance, and Friedman test. Results: Significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in the pain score (F=7.91, p=.003), discomfort score (F=18.15, p<.001), pulse (F=12.92, p<.001), and respiration rate (${\times}^2=19.35$, p<.001). Conclusion: Hand massage can be a helpful nursing intervention for transradial percutaneous coronary intervention by reducing pain and discomfort to a considerable degree.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the myofascial meridians release technique on pain and postural control of college students with forward head posture and to compare the intervention effects of the Grastone massage and the Rollfing massage. METHODS: Thirty subjects with forward head posture were randomly and equally allocated to experimental group I (myofascial meridians release technique using Grastone massage, n=15) or experimental group II (myofascial meridians release using Rollfing massage, n=15). All subjects underwent 30 minutes of different myofascial meridians release techniques in addition to general physical therapy (hot pack: 15 min, interferential current therapy: 15 min, ultra sound: 5 min) three times a week for a total of 6 weeks. Outcome was measured before and after 4 weeks of intervention. RESULTS: In both groups, the numerical rating scale of pain was significantly decreased after intervention, with experimental group I showing a greater decrease than experimental group II. The neck disability index decreased significantly after intervention in both groups, with experimental group I showing a significantly greater decrease than the controls. The distance of the head forward displacement did not differ significantly between the two groups (p>.05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the Grastone method combined with the myofascial meridians release technique is a more effective intervention for improvement of pain and postural control in adults with moderate forward head posture.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1389-1399
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• 2000

Massage therapy is a traditional, alternative and nonphamacological means of promoting rest and relaxation. However, nursing intervention by massage for middle-aged women is rarely practiced by nurses. The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of the hand and arm massage as an independent nursing intervention tool for middle- aged women. The data used in this research were collected from forty-nine subjects using a nonequivalent control group non- synchronized design. Twenty-four persons for the experimental group and Twenty-five persons for the control group were selected from D city and C city from July 1997 to September 2000. Subjects' ages were between forty and fifty-six years old with mean the age of 45.6. Hand and arm massage developed by Cayce and Reilly was applied to the experimental group for a session of 15 minutes two or three times a week for four weeks. The instruments used for the measurement of the subjects' stress, anxiety, depression and the middle-life crisis were Langners's 22-item Self-rating Depression Scale, and Kim's Middle Life Crisis Scale(1988). These psychological factors were measured before and after the implementation of hand and arm massage. The data were analyzed with mean$\pm$s.d, percent, t-test, and a paired t-test. The results were summarized as follows; 1. Before the treatment, there were no significant differences between the two groups. 2. After the treatment, there were significant differences in the stress and the occurrence of mid life crisis between the two groups. The findings suggest that the use of the life crisis. Therefore, it is recommended that hand and arm massage be used as an independent nursing intervention tool for middle-aged women. For further research, is needed replication of this concept of research with different subjects in a larger population. Also, it is recommended to investigate the effects of massage with aroma therapy for the berefit of decreasing womens' stress level further.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8127-8133
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• 2016

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of back massage on the anxiety state, cortisol level, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, and sleep quality in family caregivers of patients with cancer. Materials and Methods: Forty-four family caregivers were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group (22 interventions, 22 controls) after they were matched on age and gender. The intervention consisted of back massage for 15 minutes per day for a week. Main research outcomes were measured at baseline (day I) and follow-up (day 7). Unpaired t-test, paired t test and chi-square test were used to analyse data. Results: The majority of the caregivers were women, married, secondary school educated and housewife. State anxiety (p<0.001), cortisol level (p<0.05), systolic/diastolic blood pressure (p<0.001, p<0.01 respectively), and pulse rate (p<0.01) were significantly decreased, and sleep quality (p<0.001) increased after back massage intervention. Conclusions: The study results show that family caregivers for patients with cancer can benefit from back massage to improve state anxiety, cortisol level, blood pressure and heart rate, and sleep quality. Oncology nurses can take advantage of back massage, which is non-pharmacologic and easily implemented method, as an independent nursing action to support caregivers for patients with cancer.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.825-835
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• 2000

The agitation of dementia patient is a factor which aggravates the care-givers' burdon, and it is needed to develop intervention methods. Hall and Buckwalter hypothesized that an increase in agitation behavior occur when persons experience high levels of stress. This study was conducted to explore the efficacy of hand massage in producing relaxation and decreasing agitation behaviors in persons with dementia. Hand massage was administered once a day in afternoon for 8days to 24 patients and 4days to 23 patients. There was no difference in result between the two groups. Significant differences were found in systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, emotional state from pre to post -intervention with the use of hand massage. The change of systolic blood pressure was 26% explained by ADL, MMSE-K and institutionalized period. The most significant variable was institutionalized period. The change of diastolic blood pressure was 11% explained by ADL, and it was significant. But no decrease in agitation behavior was observed and no increase in functional capacity.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the effects of an infant massage on physical growth and stress response in preterm babies. Method: A nonequivalent control group with pre-posttest design was used with 56 preterm babies in the NICU of E medical center at Daejeon. Data were collected from July 2004 to May 2005. The intervention was given for 15 minutes, once a day for 7 days. Physical growth was measured by weight, length, head circumference, and stress response was measured by serum cortisol level. Mean, %, paired-test, t-test with the SPSS/W in 16.0 program were used to analyze the data. Results: After the intervention, physical growth variables (weight, length, head circumference) in experimental group were higher than that of the control group. Also, the serum cortisol level in the experimental group was lower than that of the control group. But none of these results were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that a 7-day intervention period may not be long enough to confirm the effects of infant massage on physical growth and stress reaction. Therefore it is suggested that a longer period of infant massage should be tested to determine if it is effective in improving the physical growth and stress reduction in preterm babies.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.245-249
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined the effects of local vibration using a massage gun on the triceps surae flexibility by measuring the ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) compared to static stretching in healthy adults. Methods: Twenty healthy subjects were instructed in this study. They were allocated randomly to two groups: local vibration (LV) and static stretching (SS). The ankle dorsiflexion ROM was measured before and after the intervention in supine (open kinetic chain, OKC) and standing (closed kinetic chain, CKC). The LV group received local vibration using a massage gun for five minutes on their triceps surae, and the SS group stood on the Q board with a dorsiflexed ankle for five minutes. The ROM between pre- and post-intervention and the change in ROM between two groups were analyzed. A paired t-test was used to compare the ROM between pre- and post-intervention, while an independent t-test was used to compare the change in ROM between the two groups. Results: Both groups showed a significant difference between pre- and post-intervention in the position of both the OKC and CKC. The change in ROM, however, was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: The application of local vibration using a massage gun for five minutes on the triceps surae could improve its flexibility as much as the application of static stretching. A massage gun for the application of a local vibration stimulus may be effective, simple, portable, and comfortable.