• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.116-122
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• 2010

A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detector (DAD) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was established for the simultaneous determination of five representative metabolites of the iridoid and phenolic classes from Rehmannia glutinosa. The optimal chromatographic conditions were obtained on an ODS column (5 mm, $4.6{\times}250\;mm$) with the column temperature at $25^{\circ}C$. The mobile phase was composed of water and acetonitrile using a gradient elution with the flow rate 0.3 mL/min. Detection wavelength was set at 205 nm. All calibration curves showed good linear regression ($r^2$ > 0.997) within test ranges. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) values were lower than 0.123 and $0.373\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The developed method provided satisfactory precision and accuracy with overall intra-day and inter-day variations of 0.09 - 0.76% and 0.16 - 1.41%, respectively, and the overall recoveries of 99.03 - 102.67% for all of the compounds analyzed. In addition, effectiveness of diverse extraction methods was compared to each other for the development of standard analytic method. The verified method was successfully applied to the quantitative determination of five representative metabolites in twenty-one commercial Rehmannia glutinosa samples from different markets in Korea and China. The analytical results showed that the contents of the five analytes vary significantly with sources.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2011

Metal waste generated from the pyroprocessing of 10 MtU of spent fuel was classified by comparing the specific activity of a relevant radionuclide with the limit value of the specific activity specified in the Korean acceptance criteria for a lowand intermediate-level waste repository. A Korean Optimized Fuel Assembly design with a 17${\times}$17 array, an initial enrichment of 4.5 weight-percent, discharge burn-up of 55 GWD/MtU, and a 10-year cooling time was considered. Initially, the mass and volume of each structural component of the assembly were calculated in detail, and a source term analysis was subsequently performed using ORIGEN-S for these components. An activation cross-section library generated by the KENO-VI/ORIGEN-S module was utilized for top-end and bottom-end pieces. As a result, an Inconel grid plate, a SUS plenum spring, a SUS guide tube subpart, SUS top-end and bottom-end pieces, and an Inconel top-end leaf spring were determined to be unacceptable for the Gyeongju low- and intermediate-level waste repository, as these waste products exceeded the acceptance criteria. In contrast, a Zircaloy grid plate and guide tube can be placed in the Gyeongju repository. Non-contaminated Zircaloy cladding occupying 76% of the metal waste was found to have a lower level of specific activity than the limit value. However, Zircaloy cladding contaminated by fission products and actinides during the decladding process of pyroprocessing was revealed to have 52 and 2 times higher specific activity levels than the limit values for alpha and $^{90}Sr$, respectively. Finally, it was found that 88.7% of the metal waste from the 17${\times}$17 Korean Optimized Fuel Assembly design should be disposed of in a deep geological repository. Therefore, it can be summarized that separation technology with a higher decontamination factor for transuranics and strontium should be developed for the efficient management of metal waste resulting from pyroprocessing.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.652-659
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• 2018

In this study, baicalin, as a marker substance of Scutellariae Radix, was quantitatively analyzed by a high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD). We identified wogonoside, baicalein, and wogonin in the Scutellariae Radix by a high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer (HPLC-ESI-MS). The baicalin was separated on a Xterra C18 column ($5{\mu}m$, $4.6{\times}250mm$) using mobile phase consisting of 38% acetonitrile in 0.68% phosphoric acid. The baicalin spectrum in the Scutellariae Radix extracts was coincided by comparing with UV-visible spectrum (200-550 nm) of baicalin standard in the library. The amount of baicalin in Scutellariae Radix was 10.46%, which is higher than KFDA's guideline. The marker substances of Scutellariae Radix showed a strong base peak $[M]^+$ in the positive detection mode following as; baicalin (m/z; $271[MH^+-sugar]^+$, $447[M+H]^+$), wogonoside (m/z; $285[MH^+-sugar]^+$, $461[M+H]^+$), baicalein (m/z; $271\;[M+H]^+$), wogonin (m/z; $285[M+H]^+$). These results are consistent with the fragment pattern and molecular weight of standard components from literature.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.543-550
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• 2023

Mulberry fruit is a superior source of polyphenols, especially anthocyanin, and has a long history of use as an edible fruit and traditional medicine. The anthocyanin composition of mulberry fruit from 15 Korean cultivars was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography diode array detector with quadrupole time of flight/mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-QToF/MS) based on a cyanin internal standard. The four glycosides were identified by comparison with authentic standards and published reports. The major anthocyanin was cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (71.7%), followed by cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside (26.6%). The minor components (total of 1.7%) were pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside and pelargonidin 3-O-rutinoside. The total anthocyanin content (mg/100 g, dry weight) of mulberry fruit varied by cultivar and ranged from 471.5±4.0 (Su Hong) to 4,700.2±54.0 (Gwa Sang2). Among the 15 cultivars examined, Gwa Sang2 showed the highest level of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (3,133.4±32.6), which was 9-fold higher than that of Su Hong (351.5±3.4). In conclusion, anthocyanin profiles, including pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside and pelargonidin 3-O-rutinoside, were reported for the first time from 15 Korean mulberry fruit cultivars. The results will contribute valuable information on pharmaceutical properties, breeding superior mulberry cultivars, and food industries.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.675-682
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• 2011

본 연구는 국내/수입 유통되는 식품과 건강기능식품의 발기부전치료제 및 그 유사물질 혼입 농도를 모니터링하고, 그 결과를 바탕으로 식품의 안전성을 확보하고자 하였다. 전국에서 유통중인 식품 및 건강기능식품 총 226건을 구입하고 24종의 발기부전치료제 및 그 유사물질을 HPLC/PDA 및 LC-ESI-MS-MS를 이용하여 분석하였다. 고체 및 액체 시료의 전처리는 메탄올을 이용하여 추출하였다. 식품 및 건강기능식품 시료에서 확립된 시험법을 이용하여 식품과 건강기능식품 226건을 수거하여 모니터링한 결과, 5건의 성기능 표방 제품에서 acethylvardenafil, sildenafil, tadalafil이 검출되었다. 분석 결과, 검출량은 acethylvardenafil이 1종에서 21,476 mg/kg(15 mg/capsule)이었으며, sildenafil이 2종에서 각각 52,778 mg/kg(29 mg/capsule), 71,535 mg/kg (48 mg/capsule)이었고, tadalafil이 4종에서 9,772 mg/kg(6 mg/capsule) -55,545 mg/kg (33 mg/capsule)이었다. 따라서 식품 및 건강기능식품 중의 발기부전치료제 및 그 유사물질에 대한 지속적인 실태조사가 요구된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 국내 ${\cdot}$ 외에서 유통되는 건강관련식품 중 성기능 개선 및 효과에 대하여 광고 ${\cdot}$ 판매하고 있는 제품들에 대하여 최근 의약품으로 허가된 발기부전치료제인 sildenafil, vardenafil, tadalafil 및 sildenafil의 유사물질인 homosildenafil을 대상으로 정성과 정량을 위한 동시분석법을 개발하고 유통 제품 중의 함량을 분석하여 함유 실태를 파악하고자 하였다. 네 가지 성분을 확인할 수 있는 TLS와 LC/MS 분석방법을 개발하였으며, LC/PDA를 사용한 동시 정량분석법을 개발하고, 건강보조식품 등 건강관련 식품중 sildenafil 등 4종 물질에 대해 총 35개의 시료를 분석한 결과 sildenafil이 7종에서 0.4 mg/g~360.9 mg/g, homosildenafil이 7종에서 2.2 mg/g~336.0 mg/g, tadalafid이 2종에서 각각 19.2mg/g, 429.3mg/g로 검출되었으며, 본 여구에서 개발한 동시분석법을 유통식품에 적용 가능하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2021

Panax species have gained numerous attentions because of their various biological effects on cardiovascular, kidney, reproductive diseases known for a long time. Recently, advanced analytical methods including thin layer chromatography, high-performance thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem ultraviolet, diode array detector, evaporative light scattering detector, and mass detector, two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography, high speed counter-current chromatography, high speed centrifugal partition chromatography, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, high-performance anion-exchange chromatography, ambient ionization mass spectrometry, molecularly imprinted polymer, enzyme immunoassay, 1H-NMR, and infrared spectroscopy have been used to identify and evaluate chemical constituents in Panax species. Moreover, Soxhlet extraction, heat reflux extraction, ultrasonic extraction, solid phase extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, acceleration solvent extraction, matrix solid phase dispersion extraction, and pulsed electric field are discussed. In this review, a total of 219 articles published from 1980 to 2018 are investigated. Panax species including P. notoginseng, P. quinquefolius, sand P. ginseng in the raw and processed forms from different parts, geographical origins, and growing times are studied. Furthermore, the potential biomarkers are screened through the previous articles. It is expected that the review can provide a fundamental for further studies.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.152-162
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 식품 이외에 다른 용도로 사용이 가능한 농·임산물 중 천연유래 보존료의 함유량을 조사하기 위하여 안식향산, 소브산 및 프로피온산의 함유량을 분석하였다. 식품 이외에 다른 용도로 사용이 가능한 농·임산물 중 안식향산 및 소브산 함량을 정량, 정성 분석하기 위하여 액체크로마토그래프(HPLC-DAD) 및 액체크로마토그래프 질량분석기(LC-MS/MS)를 이용하였고, 프로피온산 함량분석을 위하여 가스크로마토그래프(GC-FID) 및 가스크로마토그래프 질량분석기(GC-MS)를 사용하였다. 에탄올을 사용하여 용매추출 후 원심분리 하여 상층액을 카트리지를 이용하여 정제하는 방법으로 전처리 방법을 확립하였고, 직선성, 검출한계, 정량한계, 회수율 측정으로 분석방법을 검증하였다. 식품 이외에 다른 용도로 사용이 가능한 농·임산물 497건을 수거하여 분석한 결과, 안식향산, 소브산, 프로피온산의 검출 범위는 각각 불검출-27.3 mg/kg, 불검출-1,057 mg/kg, 불검출-175 mg/kg이었다. 안식향산, 소브산, 프로피온산의 평균 검출량이 가장 높게 나타난 품목은 각각 작약(337 mg/kg), 비자(12.1 mg/kg), 몰약(64.8 mg/kg)이었다. 본 연구에서 확립된 분석 방법은 다양한 식품 이외에 다른 용도로 사용이 가능한 농·임산물을 대상으로 미량의 함량의 천연유래 안식향산, 소브산, 프로피온산을 분석할 수 있는 적합한 방법이며, 분석 결과는 식품 이외에 다른 용도로 사용이 가능한 농·임산물 중 천연유래 안식향산, 소브산, 프로피온산의 함유량을 알 수 있는 근거자료로 향후 식품 검사 시 보존료 사용기준 위반 판정으로 인한 민원제기나 국가간 무역 마찰 시 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2021

올리브 (Olea europaea L.) 잎은 풍부한 폴리 페놀을 함유하고 있으며, 이는 항산화, 항균, 항 바이러스, 항암 활성을 연관시키고 혈소판 활성화를 억제하는 것으로 보고 되어있다. 올리브 잎은 건강기능성식품 및 기능성 화장품의 원료로 상업적으로 사용되고 있으며, 이러한 건강상의 이점은 올리브 잎의 주요 생리활성 물질인 oleuropein와 관련이 있다. Oleuropein은 항산화, 항노화, 항염증, 항암, 항미생물, 항바이러스, 항죽상동맥혈증, 지질 저하 효과, 혈당 저하 효과, 피부 보호 효과가 보고되어 있다. oleuropein이 올리브 잎의 중요한 화합물 임에도 불구하고 상업용 제품에서 oleuropein 함량을 밝히는 정량적 접근 방법은 아직 없다. 본 연구에서는 UPLC-QTof/MS, PDA, CAD로 개발된 방법을 이용하여 10개의 상업용 올리브 잎 추출물의 성분 및 oleuropein 함량을 분석 하였다. Iridoids (1, 3, 4, 14, and 16-18), coumarin (2), phenylethanoids (5, 9, and 11), flavonoids (6-8, 10, 12, and 13), lignan (15)을 포함한 총 18종의 화합물이 올리브 잎에서 예상되었다. 총 10종의 올리브 잎 추출물 분석은 3종의 제품(A, G, H)에서 제품에서 제시한 oleuropein 함량보다 높게, 5종의 제품(B, E, H, I, J)에서 5-10%의 오차범위로 나타났고 C, D에서 함량 미달로 검출되었다. 본 연구에서 oleuropein의 함량분석이 올리브 잎의 품질 관리에 도움이 될 수 있음을 판단하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2577-2582
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• 2013

Objectives: Interleukin (IL) -10 is a potent cytokine with a dual ability to immunosuppress or immunostimulate. We aimed to explore the association of IL10 promoter polymorphisms with risk of gastric cancer (GC) in a Han population in Southwestern China. Methods: We enrolled 308 pairs of GC and control subjects from four hospitals and a community between October 2010 and August 2011 in a 1:1 matched case-control design. Demographic information was collected using a designed questionnaire. IL10-592 A>C and IL10-1082 A>G polymorphisms were determined by Sequenom MassARRAY analysis. Results: Patients with GC reported statistically higher proportions of family history of cancer (29.9% versus 10.7%, P<0.01) and alcohol drinking (54.6% versus 43.2%, P<0.01) than did controls. Similar results were observed in comparison between non-cardia GC patients and controls (P<0.01 and P=0.03). Variant genotypes of IL10-592 A>C and IL10-1082 A>G were not associated with overall GC risk (adjusted OR, 0.94, 95% CI, 0.66-1.33; adjusted OR, 1.00, 95% CI, 0.62-1.60). Sub-analysis showed that the IL10-592 AC/CC variant genotype was associated with decreased non-cardia GC risk (adjusted OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.36-0.95). No association was found between any of the IL10 haplotypes established from two polymorphisms and risk of non-cardia GC. Conclusions: In conclusion, our data do not link the two SNPs of IL10-592 and IL10-1082 with overall GC risk. We demonstrate that IL10-592 polymorphism is associated with protective effect against non-cardia GC. Our findings may offer insight into risk associated with the development of GC in this region.