• 대한간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.107-120
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• 1974

Necessity and purpose of this study: In a large number of countries it has been founded that children′s domestic accidents are at great risk year by year In the United States, they publish detailed accident statistics at regular intervals. In Korea. there have been just a few studies on Accidents-At-Home of preschool children. But it can not be said that there have been any systematic statistics about this area. and any study accounting for the relations of home accidents and preschool: children in detail, Therefore, the purpose of this thesis was focused on the inquire of these relations so as to make a little contribution to Korean preschool children′s health and security measures. So, the detail-purposes are to study following questions and to testify following hypothesis. Prob. 1. What the types of accidents of Preschool children, where the place accidents occurred\ulcorner Prob. 2. What the cause of accidents and, the main factors of the cause\ulcorner Prob. 3. How about the number of their children. the disparity of age among their children and mother′s age in each case of accidents\ulcorner hypothesis 1. There will be differences in the density of protection of parents according to the number of their children. hypothesis 2, There will be differences in accident-types and first-aid methods according to parents socio-economic background. Method; This study employed the interviewing survey method, in which 130 preschool children ware random.sampled, who visit hospital to have medical care. These children (from 1 to 6 years olds) were selected at the emergency room of five hospitals in Seoul (Hosp: Severance, Woosok, Medical Center, Hanyang Medical College Hospital and Seoul Medical Col1age Hospital during study-period (from Aug. to Oct, 1973). Four head nurses in above Hospitals were employed as accident members for this study. Concerning research analysis, the method of hypothesis verifying is used. Conclusion: As two American experts on this subject. Dr, Raymond Neuter and Mr. Ross Mc Garland have drawn attention to "minor epidemics of accidents" that could be avoided by fairly simple measures. preschool children′s accidents could be avoided by parents fair attentions. In other words, one of the most common causes of preschool children′s accidents derived from their parent′s inattention. Therefore, one important task on this subject is to instruct the parents fairly about the children′s accidents. Many accidents could be avoided by the exorcist of a little self-discipline. Also, as much the prevention of accidents is important, as the first-aid Is Important and necessary at the case of the accidents. So, the methods of proper first-aid treatment must be emphasized, and must be taught in school, especially in girls school. And there could be other means available for prevention of accidents. Firstly, the public authorities can take legal measures. More stringent safety standards can be made enforceable by law. Building materials and equipment for domestic us: ought to meat minimum safety criteria at all times. Next the public itself has to understand the seriousness of the problem, and here the dissemination of information is of great importance. All mass media should be brought into play to promote greater public awareness of the question. At last, it will be needed to obtain more detailed epidemiological data through additional surveys and statistics after this study.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine the acute pulmonary toxicity of metallic silver nanoparticles (MSNPs, 20.30 nm in diameter). Acute pulmonary toxicity and body distribution of inhaled MSNPs in mice were evaluated using a nose-only exposure chamber (NOEC) system. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid analysis, Western blotting, histopathological changes, and silver burdens in various organs were determined in mice. Mice were exposed to MSNPs for 6 hrs. The mean concentration, total surface area, volume and mass concentrations in the NOEC were maintained at $1.93{\times}10^7$ particles/$cm^3$, $1.09{\times}10^{10}\;nm^2/cm^3$, $2.72{\times}10^{11}\;nm^3/cm^3$, and 2854.62 ${\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. Inhalation of MSPNs caused mild pulmonary toxicity with distribution of silver in various organs but the silver burdens decreased rapidly at 24-hrs post-exposure in the lung. Furthermore, inhaled MSNPs induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in the lung. In summary, single inhaled MSNPs caused mild pulmonary toxicity, which was associated with activated MAPK signaling. Taken together, our results suggest that the inhalation toxicity of MSNPs should be carefully considered at the molecular level.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.588-596
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of low doses of organic trace minerals (iron, copper, manganese, and zinc) on productive performance, egg quality, yolk and tissue mineral retention, and fecal mineral excretion of laying hens during the late laying period. Methods: A total of 405 healthy hens (HY-Line White, 50-week-old) were randomly divided into 3 treatments, with 9 replicates per treatment and 15 birds per replicate. The dietary treatments included feeding a basal diet + inorganic trace minerals at commercial levels (CON), a basal diet + inorganic trace minerals at 1/3 commercial levels (ITM), and a basal diet + proteinated trace minerals at 1/3 commercial levels (TRT). The trial lasted for 56 days. Results: Compared to CON, ITM decreased (p<0.05) egg production, daily egg mass, albumen height, eggshell strength, yolk Fe concentration, serum alkaline phosphatase activity and total protein, and increased (p<0.05) egg loss and feed to egg ratio. Whereas with productive performance, egg quality, yolk mineral retention, and serum indices there were no differences (p>0.05) between CON and TRT. The concentrations of Fe and Mn in the tissue and tibia were changed notably in ITM relative to CON and TRT. Both ITM and TRT reduced (p<0.05) fecal mineral excretion compared to CON. Conclusion: These results indicate that dietary supplementation of low-dose organic trace minerals reduced fecal mineral excretion without negatively impacting hen performance and egg quality.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2020

고속도로는 많은 자동차 운행대수와 함께 높은 주행속도 및 급격한 주행속도 변화구간(휴게소, 영업소 등)으로 인하여 비점오염물질의 배출이 높은 지역에 해당한다. 국내 고속도로는 절토층 및 성토층에 조성됨으로써 적정 토양침투량 확보가 어려워 다양한 종류의 비점오염저감시설이 설치되지 못하고 있다. 본 연구는 토양치환 기법에 대한 연구를 통해 고속도로에 설치 가능한 시설의 종류를 확대하고 비용효율적 침투시설의 설계를 유도하기 위하여 수행되었다. 침투율이 낮은 원지반에 토양치환을 수행할 경우 시설 내 체류시간이 약 30% 지연되고, 시설 내 침투 및 저류율은 약 20% 증대하며, 비점오염물질 Total Suspend Soiled (TSS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand(BOD), Total Nitrogen(TN) 및 Total Phosphorus(TP) 제거효율이 약 20% 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 원지반 내 침투율이 낮은 곳에 토양치환을 수행할 경우 저류량, 체류시간 및 침투면적이 증가하여 침투율이 향상되는 것으로 나타났다. 원지반 토양의 침투능이 낮은 토양에 침투시설을 적용하기 위해서는 물환경보전법 시행규칙 별표17(비점오염저감시설의 설치기준)의 개선이 필요하며, 이 경우 토양 침투율이 시간당 13 mm 이하일 때 토양치환을 통해 법적 처리용량을 확보하도록 요구할 수 있다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2014

전 국가적으로 많은 정수장에서는 강화된 수질기준을 준수하는데 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 일반적으로 정수장 배출수처리시설은 고탁도를 기준으로 설계되기 때문에, 평상시에는 설계된 기간보다 장기간 체류할 수밖에 없는 실정이다. 평균 혹은 저탁도 원수가 유입되는 대부분 기간 동안 슬러지는 농축조에서 장기체류하기 때문에 혐기화되어, 용해성 망간 및 클로로포름이 형성된다. 위 문제를 해결하기 위해서 경제적이고, 손쉽게 도입 가능한 슬러지 폭기 공법을 개발하였으며, 본 연구는 이 공법의 원리 및 효과를 분석한 것이다. 슬러지 폭기 공법의 원리는 산화된 입자성 망간이 용해성 망간으로 환원되는 것을 방지하며, 생성된 클로로포름을 대기중으로 배출 제거시키며, 슬러지 입자를 균질화 시켜 침강성을 개선하는 것이다. 위 공법의 효과분석을 위하여 정수장 농축조에서 슬러지를 폭기시킨 후 상징수의 망간 및 클로로포름을 측정하고, 슬러지의 고-액 계면의 높이를 측정한 결과, 비폭기 경우에 비해 망간은 41%, 클로로포름은 62% 슬러지 부피는 35% 감소되는 효과를 얻었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.475-485
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• 2001

The presence of airborne particles in the earth atmosphere expert important controls on the global climate because of their effects on the radiative balance. However, there are major uncertainties associated with the direct and indirect radiative effects of aerosols. In addition, their physicochemical properties cannot only the decline of air quality but also damage human health. Airborne particles were collected by two different commercial air samples, high volume sampler(for TSP) and low volume sampler(for P $M_{10}$ ) at the campus of Kunsan National University during February to September, 2000. In most cases, TSP and P $M_{10}$ were sampled once a week for the duration of 24 hours from 9:00 a.m. In addition samples were collected more intenisve, when the yellow dust was expected. Each sample was analyzed for pH and major ions concentration (C $l^{[-10]}$ , S $O_4$$^{2-}$, N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ , N $a^{+}$, N $H_4$$^{+}$, $K^{+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$) by ion chromatography and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Acidity (pH) of TSP and P $M_{10}$ ranged from 5.09 to 8.51 and from 6.22 to 7.54, respectively. The concentrations of airborne particles were found to satisfy both the short and long-term air quality standards during the sampling period. If the ratio of ionic concentrations originating from None sea salt(Nss) to sea salt(ss) in aerosol samples was concerned, it was found that the ionic concentrations from marine environment contributed dominantly in total mass concentration in the airborne particles. When seasonal trends were examined, the TSP concentrations in spring were higher than those of other seasons. It may result form frequent occurrences of yellow dust and during the spring season. The concentration ratio of P $M_{10}$ to TSP ranged from 0.78 to 1 during the sampling period. pH in the airborne particle was highest during spring, but the other seasons maintained almost same level. These results suggest that alkaline species in yellow dust can directly neutralize aerosol acidity. During spring season, yellow dust could be a positive factor that can defer the acidification of surface soil and water by neutralizing acidic aerosols in the atmosphere.osphere.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.390-397
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• 2010

Residual solvents in foods are defined as organic volatile chemicals used or produced in manufacturing of extracts or additives, or functional foods. The solvents are not completely eliminated by practical manufacturing techniques and they also may become contaminated by solvents from packing, transportation or storage in warehouses. Because residual solvents have no nutritional value but may be hazardous to human health, there is a need to remove them from the final products or reduce their amounts to below acceptable levels. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate an analytical method for the screening of residual solvents in health functional foods. Furthermore, the aim of this study was to constitute a reasonable management system based on the current state of the market and case studies of foreign countries. Eleven volatile solvents such as MeOH, EtOH, trichloroethylene and hexane were separated depending on their column properties, temp. and time using Gas Chromatography (GC). After determining the GC conditions, a sample preparation method using HSS (Head Space Sampling) was developed. From the results, a method for analyzing residual solvents in health functional foods was developed considering matrix effect and interference from the sample obtained from the solution of solvents-free health functional foods spiked with 11 standards solutions. Validation test using the developed GC/HSS/MS (Mass Spectrometry) method was followed by tests for precision, accuracy, recovery, linearity and adequate sensitivity. Finally, examination of 104 samples grouped in suits was performed by the developed HSS/GC/MS for screening the solvents. The 11 solvents were isolated from health functional foods based on vapor pressure difference, and followed by separation within 15 minutes in a single run. The limt of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), recovery and coefficient of variation (C.V.) of these compounds determined by the HSS/GC/MS were found to be 0.1 pg/mL, 0.1-125 pg/g, 51.0-104.6%, and less than 15%, respectively. Using the developed HSS/GC/MS method, residual solvent from 16 out of 104 health functional products were detected as a EtOH. This method therefore seems t o be a valuable extension ofanalytical method for the identification of residual solvents in health functional food.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2012

도시화된 토지이용은 불투수율이 높고 강우시 다량의 비점오염물질이 유출되어 지표수 및 지하수에 영향을 끼친다. 이러한 포장지역의 비점오염물질로 인한 수질오염을 저감하기 위하여 환경부는 수질오염총량제도 및 개발사업에 대한 비점오염 저감시설 설치신고 제도를 도입하여 운영 중에 있다. 그러나 비점오염저감시설의 규모 및 저감기능 설계를 위해서는 유출특성 분석이 필요하나 현재 기초자료가 부족하여 원단위 산정 등의 애로점으로 남아있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 원단위 산정 및 저감시설의 규모산정에 필요한 강우유출수 특성과 EMC를 제시하고자 한다. 모니터링은 도로 및 주차장에서 3년간 총 30개의 강우사상에 대하여 수행되었다. 초기강우 유출현상은 강우 시작 후 30분 동안 매우 분명하게 나타났으며, 유출수의 농도에 영향을 미치는 인자는 강우량, 유역면적, 토지이용, 지리 및 지형적 특성으로 분석되었다. 본 연구결과는 향후 포장지역의 원단위 산정 및 저감시설 설계시 기초자료로써 활용가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 분석과학
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.240-250
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• 2004

가스크로마토그래프-질량분석기를 사용한 물 시료 중 15종류의 휘발성 및 반휘발성 유기물질들의 고감도 및 빠른 분석법이 확립되었다. 물 시료는 200 mL를 분액깔대기에 넣고 pH 6.5에서 n-pentane 1 mL를 사용하여 추출하였다. Fluorobenzene과 1,2-dichlorobenzene-d4을 내부표준물질들로 사용하였고 혼합용액은 진탕기에서 5분간 추출하여 더 이상의 농축이나 정제과정 없이 GC-MS (selected ion monitoring)로 정량분석 하였다. 피크모양은 매우 좋았고, 작은 편차로서 75% 이상의 양호한 회수율을 보였고 검출한계는 0.5-10 ng/L의 분포를 보였다. 개발된 분석법으로 GC-MS 1대당 1일 40개의 시료 분석이 가능하고 매우 간단하여 숙련되지 않은 사람들도 쉽게 사용할 수 있어 각 정수장 등 현장에서 사용하기에 적합하다. 개발된 방법을 사용하여 한국의 한 호수와 3개 정수장의 원수 및 처리수에서 휘발성 및 반 휘발성 유기물질들을 모니터링 하였다. 한국의 한 호수와 3개의 정수장에서 시료를 채취하여 정량 분석한 결과 benzene, toluene, xylene, isopropylbenzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, naphthalene과 2,4,6-trichlorophenol은 각각 0.4, 1.9, 1.3, 0.2, 1.8, 13.0, 1.7 그리고 $1.1{\mu}g/L$까지 검출되었으나 chlorobenzene, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, ethylbenzene, n-butylbenzene과 dibromochloropropane의 농도는 같은 기간 동안에 검출한계 이내의 값을 보였다. 이 화합물들의 정수처리과정에서의 제거효율을 조사한 결과 대부분은 정수처리과정에서 제거되는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제40권
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• pp.249-286
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• 2007

본 연구는 우리나라 종합일간지의 사람면의 대표 인물에 대하여 신문사별 특성과 차이점을 알아보고자 했다. 특히 각 신문사의 이념적 성격에 따라 사람면을 통해 보도되고 있는 인물에 대한 직업, 기사유형, 가치관 그리고 인물에 대한 선택기준이 신문사별로 차이가 있는지에 주목했다. 이를 위해 보수적 일간지로 조선일보와 중앙일보, 그리고 진보적 일간지로 서울신문과 한겨레신문을 대상으로 사람면 가운데 인터뷰 박스기사 내용을 중심으로 내용 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 인물에 대한 직업과 주제 면에서 보수신문과 진보신문은 서로 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 직업 면에서 두 신문 모두 문화계, 자영업, 교육자 연구자 직업을 가진 인물들의 보도 비율이 상대적으로 높았다. 주제 면에서 보수와 진보신문은 사회와 문화와 관련된 인물에 대한 소개 비율이 높은 것으로 드러났다. 그러나 인물기사 유형에서 보수신문이 진보신문보다 인물에 대한 홍보성 기사의 비율이 매우 높게 나타났다. 인물의 가치관에서도 보수신문은 사회에서의 경제적 성공을 목적으로 하는 '성공 출세 지향'형 인물에 더 무게를 두었으며, 진보신문은 자신보다 타인의 배려하는 '타인 지향'형 인물에 대한 보도 비율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 인물기사 선택 면에서 보수신문은 홍보성과 저명성 인물에 초점을 맞추었고, 진보신문은 사회성과 저명성을 기준으로 한 인물 보도기사가 많은 것으로 나타났다.