• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.317-324
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• 1999

This study was conducted to decide several design criterion for clean-washed rice processing system development. A Computer simulation was used to predict and analyze the mass balances and moisture changes of the process of clean-washed rice processing system. The following results were obtained from this study. 1. In order to attain the processing capacity of 1,000kg/h of the clean-washed rice processing system, that of the system was designed as 1,400kg/h which was based on the safety factor of 40% and handling capability of mass variations occurred during processing. 2. It was analyzed that the proper time required for aqueous cleaning process should be within one minute. 2. It was analyzed that the proper time required for aqueous cleaning process should be within one minute. 3. The final moisture content of clean-washed rice was controlled being 15%(w.b.) for the sake of safe storage. 4. It was proven that the optimum drying time was three minutes for the clean-washed rice dried by a rotary dryer.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to analyze the effects of an exercise program on body composition and physical fitness of obese female college students. Method: Data was collected from September 29, 2003 to December, 29, 2003. The research design was arandomized control group pretest-posttest experimental design. The subjects were college nursing students at K University. Forty four students, 20 in the experimental group and 24 ina control group, with more than $30\%$ body fat were randomly assigned. The subjects in the experimental group participated in an exercise program for 12 weeks, sixty minutes per session, five times per week. Body composition and physical fitness was measured by a body composition analyzer, cardiovascular endurance, muscle endurance, muscle strength(grip strength, back strength), flexibility, balance, agility(whole body reaction time) and power(standing long jump). Result: Body weight(F=4.76, p=0.035), body fat(kg)(F=5.68, p=0.022) and body mass index(F=5.73, p=0.021) of the experimental group were significantly different from the control group, but there were no significant differences in body fat($\%$), lean body mass, muscle mass and WHR. Back strength(F=6.50, p=0.015), flexibility(F=14.62, p=0.000), muscle endurance(F=7.98, p=0.007), power(F=5.76, p=0.02l) and balance(F=2.46, p=0.018) of the experimental group were significantly different from the control group, but there were no significant differences in cardiovascular endurance, grip strength or agility. Conclusiton: The exercise program was effective in improving body weight, body fat(kg), body mass index, back strength, muscle endurance, flexibility, balance and power of obese female college students.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.289-301
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• 2003

To develop a chemical-looping combustion technology, conceptual design of 50 kW thermal chemical-looping combustor, which is composed of two interconnected pressurized circulating fluidized beds, was performed by means of mass and energy balance calculations. A riser type fast fluidized bed was selected as an oxidizer and a bubbling fluidized bed was selected as a reducer by mass balance for the chemical-looping combustor. Calculated values of bed mass, solid circulation flux, and reactor dimension by mass and energy balance calculations were suitable for construction and operation of chemical-looping combustor. It is concluded from the comparison of the design results and operating values of commercial circulating fluidized bed that the process outline is realistic. Moreover, the previous results support that oxygen carrier particle, NiO/bentonite, fulfills the conversion rates needed for the proposed design. The effects of system capacity, metal oxide content in a oxygen carrier particle, amount of steam input, gas velocity, and solid depth on design values were investigated and the changes in the system performance can be estimated by proposed design tool.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.816-825
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• 2007

With a view to building up a program used in conceptual design of liquid rocket engine system, a preliminary performance-based code for an integrated engine system has been developed by incorporating sub-modular programs for each essential engine component. Modular descriptions for each component were formulated mathematically with essential parameters. In the whole iterative circuits for predicting engine performance, matching conditions of mass flow rate and pressure drop through each engine component have been considered. Mass balance calculations at each inter-component boundary are found smoothly converged. All the pressure drops through engine components as a function of mass flow rate are added up to provide turbo-pump outlet condition. In this paper, the flow chart for each iterative circuit and design methodologies are presented. Resultant predictions are validated with real engine data.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.5888-5896
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Yoga and Pilates training on the obesity indexes, muscle mass in each body part and physical fitness of male college students in an effort to provide some clinical information on exercise prescription. The subjects in this study were 20 selected obese male students. A yoga group and a pilates group were organized with 10 students each, and the training was provided for 12 weeks, 5 times a week, 90 minutes each. The findings of the study were as follows: First, both of yoga and pilates made significant differences to obesity indexes(an increase in skeletal muscle mass, a decrease in BMI, a decrease in body fat rate and a decrease in WHR), to muscle mass in each body part(an increase in muscle mass on the right arm, left arm, trunk, right leg, and left leg), and to physical fitness(an increase in lower extremity muscle strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, left balance and right balance). Second, pilates exercised a more signifiant influence than yoga on an increase in skeletal muscle mass, the improvement of muscle mass in each body part(an increase in muscle mass on the right arm, left arm, trunk, right leg and left leg), and the improvement of balance(left and right). Third, yoga had a more significant impact on a decrease in BMI, body fat rate and WHR. Given the findings of the study, yoga and pilates seem to be efficient exercise programs to improve the obesity indexes of obese male college students and promote their health.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.220-229
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate activities-specific balance confidence and risk of fallings among rehabilitation patients with impaired of mobility, and to identify the influence of activities-specific balance confidence on their risk of fallings. Method: Data for 132 rehabilitation patients were collected between October June 20 and August 20, 2012 at nine hospitals in a metropolitan city. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 20.0. Result: The mean score for rehabilitation patients' activities-specific balance confidence was 40.18 out of a possible range of 0-100 and the mean score for risk of fallings among rehabilitation patients was 31.10 within a possible range of 0-125. Significant factors affecting the risk of fallings among the rehabilitation patients were 'activity level', 'dementia', 'body mass index', 'anxiety', and 'presence of a caregiver', which together explained 34.7% of the variance. The most significantly factor influencing rehabilitation patients' risk of fallings was activities-specific balance confidence which explained 23.5% of the variance. Conclusion: The study results indicate that activities-specific balance confidence as well as physical factors should be considered for interventions to decrease risk of fallings in rehabilitation patients with impaired mobility.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.479-486
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of high-heeled shoe on the quiet standing and gait balance. Twenty women (mean height: $161.6{\pm}3.3\;cm$, mean body mass: $53.8{\pm}6.3\;kg$, mean age: $23.8{\pm}2.7$ yrs..) who were without history or complain of lower limb pain took part in this study. They were asked to stand quietly on a force platform for 30 sec and walk on it at their preferred walking speed (mean speed $3.14{\pm}0.5\;km/hr$.) with wearing three different high-heeled shoe, 3, 7, 9 cm high for collecting data. Data were randomly recorded to collect two trials for quiet standing and five trials for walking The parameters to have been analyzed for comparison between three conditions of the height of high-heeled shoe were COP(Center of Pressure) range, COP velocity, sway area, and free moment on the static balance and COP range, COP velocity, and free moment on the dynamic balance. In this study, high-heel height affected on the COP range and velocity in the ante-posterior direction during walking, dynamic balance, but didn't affect on the quiet standing, static balance.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.321-325
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• 2022

Purpose: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a condition defined as pain and dysfunction of temporomandibular joints and masticatory muscles. Abnormal interconnections between temporomandibular muscles and cervical spine structures can cause the changes of postural alignment and balance ability. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in static balance ability in subjects with painrelated TMD. Methods: This study conducted on 25 subjects with TMD and 25 control subjects with no TMD. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) of the masseter and temporalis muscles were measured using a pressure algometer. Static balance ability was assessed during one leg standing using an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor. During balance task, the IMU sensors measured motion and transfer movement data for center of mass (COM) motion, ankle sway and hip sway. Results: PPTs of masseter and temporalis muscles were significantly lower in the TMD group than in the control group (p<0.05). One leg standing, hip sway, and COM sway results were significantly greater in the TMD group (p<0.05), but ankle sways were not different between group. Conclusion: We suggest pain-related TMD is positively related to reduced PPTs of masticatory muscles and to static balance ability. These results should be considered together with global body posture when evaluating or treating pain-related TMD.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 1998

This study was conducted to determine the interaction of dietary wheat bran and dietary calcium levels n)n calcium utilization in post-breeding female rats. It was designed to compare the effects of four different levels (2.5, 5, 10 and 20%) of wheat bran and two different levels (0.5 and 1%) of calcium on bone and calcium balance in post-breeding female rats over a ten-week period. The effects of diet on animal weight gain, serum calcium, femur weight, femur calcium concentration, bone mass and calcium balance were determined and statistically analyzed. The addition of 20% wheat bran significantly (p$\leq$0.05) decreased the weight gain of rats. Serum calcium and bone calcium contents were more affected by dietary calcium level than by dietary wheat bran level. There was no significant difference in fat-free solid, ash, percentage of ash to fat-free solid and percentage of calcium to ash among groups. Groups fed the 1% calcium diet had a higher percentage of calcium to fat-free solid. All rats were in positive calcium balance during the three-4ay experimental period. The average calcium balance of the rats fed 1% calcium diet ranged from 25.34 to 53.90mg and the average calcium balance of the rats fed the 0.5% calcium diet ranged from 26.71 to 32.90mg. In rats receiving 2.5% wheat bran, the difference in calcium balance between the group fed the 1% calcium diet and the group fed the 0.5% calcium diet was only 1.37mg, which was not significantly (p$\leq$0.05) different. In rats receiving 20% wheat bran, the difference in calcium balance between the group fed the 1% calcium diet and the group fed the 0.5% calcium diet was 19.S7mg, which was significantly (p$\leq$0.05) different. The addition of wheat bran caused an increase in the calcium balance of the rats adminslesed the 1% calcium diet. On the other hand, the addition of wheat bran had no effect on the calcium balance of the rats adminislesed the 0.5% calcium diet. In conclusion, calcium utilization of rats wire more positively affected by the interaction of both dietary wheat bran levels and dietary calcium levels than either dietary wheat bran levels or dietary calcium levels alone. Moderate wheat bran consumption did not interfere with the calcium metabolism of rats when calcium intake was high enough.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.1139-1143
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• 2006

Various techniques and strategies have been developed for the identification of intracellular metabolic conditions, and among them, isotope balance-based flux analysis with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/ MS) has recently become popular. Even though isotope balance-based flux analysis allows a more accurate estimation of intracellular fluxes, its application has been restricted to relatively small metabolic systems because of the limited number of measurable metabolites. In this paper, a strategy for incorporating isotope balance-based flux data obtained for a small network into metabolic flux analysis was examined as a feasible alternative allowing more accurate quantification of intracellular flux distribution in a large metabolic system. To impose GC/MS based data into a large metabolic network and obtain optimum flux distribution profile, data reconciliation procedure was applied. As a result, metabolic flux values of 308 intracellular reactions could be estimated from 29 GC/ MS based fluxes with higher accuracy.