• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2001

In order to confirm the level of professional commitment and organizational commitment of the home health care nurses and the public health nurses, this study was carried out by using the Commitment Inventory developed by Meyer and Allen and modified by Rhee and others. To compare the commitment level between two professionals, data was collected through self-administered questionnaires from the 61 home health care nurses and the 134 public health nurses working in 25 public health centers in Seoul. The results are as follows: 1. Commitment level of' the Home Health Care Nurses ($4.7{\pm}0.7$) was significantly higher than that of the Public Health Nurses($4.4{\pm}0.7$). The level. of the professional commitment of the home health care nurses($5.0{\pm}0.9$) was higher than that of the Public Health Nurses($4.5{\pm}0.8$). The level of the organizational commitment of the of Home Health Care Nurses($4.5{\pm}0.7$) was higher than that of the public health nurses($4.3{\pm}0.6$). 2. The higher of affective professional commitment was shown in the home health care nurses, and the higher level of continuance professional commitment was shown in the public health nurses. The higher levels of normative professional commitment and affective organizational commitment were shown in the Home Health Care Nurses, and the higher level of continuance organizational commitment was shown in the home health care nurses. The higher level of normative organizational commitment was shown in the home health care nurses. 3. The level of professional commitment was statistically different in age and educational level. The level of affective professional commitment of the of home health nurses with higher-educated was higher than that of the lower-educated group. The level of organizational commitment of the Home Health Nurses in higher age was higher than that in lower age.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.293-301
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• 2020

Background: The success rate of intubation under direct laryngoscopy is greatly influenced by laryngoscopic grade using the Cormack-Lehane classification. However, it is not known whether grade under direct laryngoscopy can also affects the success rate of nasotracheal intubation using a fiberoptic bronchoscpe, so this study investigated the same. In addition, we investigated other factors that influence the success rate of fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation (FNI). Methods: FNI was performed by 18 anesthesiology residents under general anesthesia in patients over 15 years of age who underwent elective oral and maxillofacial operations. In all patients, the Mallampati grade was measured. Laryngeal view grade under direct laryngoscopy, and the degree of secretion and bleeding in the oral cavity was measured and divided into 3 grades. The time required for successful FNI was measured. If the intubation time was > 5 minutes, it was evaluated as a failure and the airway was managed by another method. The failure rate was evaluated using appropriate statistical method. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) were also measured. Results: A total of 650 patients were included in the study, and the failure rate of FNI was 4.5%. The patient's sex, age, height, weight, Mallampati, and laryngoscopic view grade did not affect the success rate of FNI (P > 0.05). BMI, the number of FNI performed by residents (P = 0.03), secretion (P < 0.001), and bleeding (P < 0.001) grades influenced the success rate. The AUCs of bleeding and secretion were 0.864 and 0.798, respectively, but the AUC of BMI, the number of FNI performed by residents, Mallampati, and laryngoscopic view grade were 0.527, 0.616, 0.614, and 0.544, respectively. Conclusion: Unlike in intubation under direct laryngoscopy, in the case of FNI, oral secretion and nasal bleeding had a significant effect on FNI difficulty than Mallampati grade or Laryngeal view grade.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.234-244
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• 2020

Background: Chronic pain affects approximately 22% of the world's population. Opioids can be useful in chronic pain management. However, some patients have negative perception of opioids. The purpose of this research was to evaluate patients' perception about opioids and investigate problems associated with prescribing and taking opioids in South Korea. Methods: Patients who visited a pain clinic in 14 university hospitals of South Korea from September through October 2018 were asked to complete anonymous questionnaires about taking opioids. Results: Of the 368 patients that were surveyed (female 53.3%, male 46.7%), 56.8% were prescribed opioids. In the opioid group, 92.8% patients had heard of opioids from their doctor and 72.6% of them had a positive perception about opioids. The side effects associated with opioid use were constipation (35.4%), dizziness (24.6%), nausea and vomiting (17.4%), dysuria (6.2%), and addiction (2.0%). In the no opioid group, the primary sources of information about opioids were doctors (49.2%), mass media (30.8%), and the internet (16.2%). The main reasons why 39.0% patients did not take opioids were fear of addiction (57.7%) and side effects (38.5%). There were 71.5% and 60.9% patients in the opioid and no opioid group, respectively, who wished to take opioids when their numeric rating scale pain score was ≥ 7. Conclusions: Perception of opioids among patients who take them was either neutral or positive. However, 39.0% patients who have not been prescribed opioids did not want an opioid prescription, citing fear of addiction and side effects as the primary reasons.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.547-556
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• 2016

Myometrial relaxation of mouse via expression of two-pore domain acid sensitive (TASK) channels was studied. In our previous report, we suggested that two-pore domain acid-sensing $K^+$ channels (TASK-2) might be one of the candidates for the regulation of uterine circular smooth muscles in mice. In this study, we tried to show the mechanisms of relaxation via TASK-2 channels in marine myometrium. Isometric contraction measurements and patch clamp technique were used to verify TASK conductance in murine myometrium. Western blot and immunehistochemical study under confocal microscopy were used to investigate molecular identity of TASK channel. In this study, we showed that TEA and 4-AP insensitive non-inactivating outward $K^+$ current (NIOK) may be responsible for the quiescence of murine pregnant longitudinal myometrium. The characteristics of NIOK coincided with two-pore domain acid-sensing $K^+$ channels (TASK-2). NIOK in the presence of $K^+$ channel blockers was inhibited further by TASK inhibitors such as quinidine, bupivacaine, lidocaine, and extracellular acidosis. Furthermore, oxytocin and estrogen inhibited NIOK in pregnant myometrium. When compared to non-pregnant myometrium, pregnant myometrium showed stronger inhibition of NIOK by quinidine and increased immunohistochemical expression of TASK-2. Finally, TASK-2 inhibitors induced strong myometrial contraction even in the presence of L-methionine, a known inhibitor of stretch-activated channels in the longitudinal myometrium of mouse. Activation of TASK-2 channels seems to play an essential role for relaxing uterus during pregnancy and it might be one of the alternatives for preventing preterm delivery.

• 대한정형외과 초음파학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.28-32
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• 2014

목적: 슬관절 이하 부위의 정형외과적 수술을 위해 좌골 신경 차단 술기가 흔히 시행되고 있다. 좌골 신경 분지는 해부학적 차이가 있어 통상적인 신경 차단은 불완전한 신경 차단을 유발한다. 본 연구는 마취의 성공율을 개선하기 위하여 한국 여성에서 좌골 신경 분지 위치를 초음파를 이용해 확인하였다. 대상 및 방법: 한국 여성 33명을 대상으로 하였으며 체중, 키를 측정하였다. 초음파 측정을 위해 M-Turbo ultrasound system (SonoSite,Bothell, WA,USA) 13-6 MHz, 38 mm high frequency linear array transducer를 사용하였다. 복와위 자세에서 슬와 주름부터 분지부까지의 거리, 분지부에서 피부부터 신경까지의 깊이를 cm 단위로 측정하여 체중과 키와의 상관관계를 확인하였다. 측정은 한 명의 전문의에 의해 측정되었다. 통계는 SAS version 9.3를 사용하여 multiple linear regression 방법으로 분석하였다. 결과: 33명 여성의 평균 나이는 53세(34~71세), 평균 체중 59.7(50~77.1 kg), 평균 키 157.4(145~173.9 cm), 평균 BMI 24.1(18.4-28.9)였다. 슬와 주름에서 좌골 신경 분지부까지의 평균 거리는 5.7(4.5~7.5 cm)이였으며, 분지부에서 피부부터 신경까지의 평균 깊이는 2.4(1.8~3.2 cm)였으며, 통계적 분석 결과에서 거리와 키 조사 p-value 0.55, 거리와 몸무게 조사 p-value 0.34, 깊이와 키 조사 p-value 0.5, 깊이와 몸무게 조사 p-value 0.036 이였다. 결론: 한국 여성의 좌골 신경 분지 위치는 차이가 있었으며, 특히 몸무게에 따른 깊이 변화는 의미가 있었다. 한국 여성에서 좌골 신경 차단 술기를 시행할 때 평균 거리, 깊이를 생각하고 몸무게를 고려한다면 성공율이 증가할 것으로 생각되며, 슬와 주름 7.5 cm 상방에서 시행할 것을 추천하다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.653-659
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• 2016

본 논문의 목적은 항균제 사용량(Defined Daily Dose. DDD)과 세균의 내성률(%)과의 상관성을 보고자 하였다. 항균제 내성은 최근 다제 내성균들의 증가로 인하여 감염증의 치료가 점점 더 어려워져 임상적으로 중대한 문제가 되고 있다. 그리고, 여러 요인들 중에서 항균제 오남용은 항균제 내성의 주요 원인이 되고 있다. 중부권지역의 일개 2차 대학병원의 입원환자를 대상으로 병원전산통계 자료와 진단검사의학과의 미생물 프로그램을 이용하여 2010년 1월부터 2014년 12월 까지 혈액배양에서 분리 동정된 Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli 균주에 대하여 항균제 사용량에 따른 균주의 내성률과의 상관성을 분석하기 위하여 균주 내성률과 항균제 사용량을 각각 조사하였다. 사용량에 따른 항균제 내성률은 pearson상관분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 cefepime사용량과 cefepime 내성 E. coli에서 유의한 상관관계가 있었고(P<0.033;r=0.907), tobramycin사용량과 tobramycin 내성 E.coli에서도 유의한 음의 상관관계가 있었다(P<0.028;r=-0.917). Aminoglycoside계열 내성 A.baumannii가 유의한 음의 상관관계를 나타냈고(P<0.048;r=-0.881), aminoglycoside계열 내성 E. coli도 유의한 음의 상관관계를 나타냈다(P<0.001;r=-0.992). 결론적으로 항균제 사용량은 일부 세균에서 내성률과 상관성이 있었다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.34-44
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• 2016

Purpose: A prospective phase II trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and toxicity of regional hyperthermia and whole liver irradiation (WLI) for numerous chemorefractory liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Materials and Methods: Enrolled patients had numerous chemorefractory hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. Five sessions of hyperthermia and seven fractions of 3-gray WLI were planned. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was determined using the Korean version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire C-30 and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Hepatobiliary version 4.0. Objective and pain response was evaluated. Results: A total of 12 patients consented to the study and the 10 who received WLI and hyperthermia were analyzed. WLI was completed as planned in nine patients and hyperthermia in eight. Pain response was partial in four patients and stable in four. Partial objective response was achieved in three patients (30.0%) and stable disease was seen in four patients at the 1-month follow-up. One patient died 1 month after treatment because of respiratory failure related to pleural metastasis progression. Other grade III or higher toxicities were detected in three patients; however, all severe toxicities were related to disease progression rather than treatment. No significant difference in HRQoL was noted at the time of assessment for patients who were available for questionnaires. Conclusion: Combined WLI and hyperthermia were well tolerated without severe treatment-related toxicity with a promising response from numerous chemorefractory hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.367-373
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• 2015

Cordyceps species including Cordyceps bassiana are a notable anti-cancer dietary supplement. Previously, we identified several compounds with anti-cancer activity from the butanol fraction (Cb-BF) of Cordyceps bassiana. To expand the structural value of Cb-BF-derived anti-cancer drugs, we employed various chemical moieties to produce a novel Cb-BF-derived chemical derivative, KTH-13-amine-monophenyl [4-isopropyl-2-(1-phenylethyl) aniline (KTH-13-AMP)], which we tested for anti-cancer activity. KTH-13-AMP suppressed the proliferation of MDA-MB-231, HeLa, and C6 glioma cells. KTH-13-AMP also dose-dependently induced morphological changes in C6 glioma cells and time-dependently increased the level of early apoptotic cells stained with annexin V-FITC. Furthermore, the levels of the active full-length forms of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were increased. In contrast, the levels of total forms of caspases-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and Bcl-2 were decreased in KTH-13-AMP treated-cells. We also confirmed that the phosphorylation of STAT3, Src, and PI3K/p85, which is linked to cell survival, was diminished by treatment with KTH-13-AMP. Therefore, these results strongly suggest that this compound can be used to guide the development of an anti-cancer drug or serve as a lead compound in forming another strong anti-proliferative agent.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.2451-2459
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• 2009

통증이 거의 없는 새로운 모세혈액 채혈기법인 진공자동채혈법(vacuum assisted auto-lancing)의 정확도를 분석하고자 전형적인 대체부위인 전완(팔) 부위에서 채혈하여 측정한 혈당값을 표준 채혈부위인 정맥 및 손가락에서 채혈하여 측정한 혈당값과 비교, 분석하는 연구를 수행하였다. C대학교병원을 내원한 531명의 환자들을 대상으로 왼손 집게손가락 끝과 왼쪽 전완 부위에서 말초혈액의 혈당을 측정하였고, 곧바로 정맥 채혈하여 혈당을 측정하였다. 전완 부위 혈당 평균값이 손가락보다 정맥 혈당값에 더욱 가까웠으나 이들 간의 차이는 약 10 mg/dL 범위에 불과하여 임상적으로는 동일한 값들로 볼 수 있었다. 측정값들 간에 상관분석을 수행한 결과 손가락과 정맥 채혈의 혈당값 간의 상관계수는 0.94, 전완 부위와 정맥 혈당값 간의 상관계수는 0.92, 또한 전완 부위와 손가락 채혈 간의 상관계수는 0.94로 모두 매우 유의한 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.001). 따라서 대체부위인 전완 부위 혈당검사의 정확도가 실험적으로 입증되었다. 손가락 혈당검사는 상당한 채혈 통증이 수반되어 당뇨 환자들이 자가 검사를 기피하는 주요 원인이 되지만, 전완 부위에서 진공자동채혈하면 통증이 거의 없으므로 만성 당뇨환자들의 자가 질환관리를 위해 매우 유용하리라 기대된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.156-162
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 죽음교육 프로그램이 성인의 자아 존중감, 영적 안녕, 통증에 미치는 효과를 검증하는 데에 있다. 연구의 설계는 비 동등 대조군 실험 연구이며, 충청북도 청주시의 C병원에서 2016년 01월 04일부터 13일까지 시행하였다. 본 연구는 참가에 동의한 48명을 대상으로 하였고, 실험군과 대조군에 각각 22, 26 명의 참가자를 무작위로 나누어 배정하였다. 실험군의 참가자들(n=22)은 매 회 2 시간, 주 3회, 2 주간에 걸쳐 죽음교육을 받았다. 실험 처치 효과는 2 주간의 중재 전, 후에 자아 존중감, 영적 안녕, 통증에 대한 구조화된 설문지를 통하여 측정하였다. 자료들은 t-test, chi-square test, Fisher Exact-test and paired t-test를 사용하여 분석하였다. 2 주간의 중재 후 대조군에 비해 실험군은 자아 존중감 (P<.002), 영적 안녕 (P<.015)이 유의하게 증가하였고, 통증 (P<.014)은 유의하게 감소하였다. 죽음교육 프로그램은 성인에게 효과적인 간호 중재로 보인다. 그러므로, 죽음교육 프로그램을 현장에서 적용할 수 있는 가능성을 고려해 볼 수 있겠다.