• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.73-90
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• 2019

이 연구는 인구 문제에 대한 남녀 학생들의 인식의 차이를 규명하여 인구교육의 시사점을 도출하기 위한 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 J 대학교의 인구교육 강좌인 ｢인구와 사회｣수업을 수강한 학생이 개인별로 최종 제출한 보고서를 분석 자료로 활용하였다. 분석 자료는 텍스트 마이닝 기법을 활용하여 성별에 따라 인구 문제에 대한 인식에 차이가 있는 가를 분석하였다. 우선, 출현 빈도가 높은 단어를 중심으로 성별에 따른 차이를 확인하고, 핵심단어를 추출하여 의미연결망 분석을 하고 시각화를 실시하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 상위 출현 빈도 단어 100개를 기준으로 살펴본 결과, 10위까지의 단어는 '인구', '교육', '문제', '결혼', '사회', '출산', '심각', '사람', '우리' 등으로 남녀가 동일하였다. 또 출현 빈도, 연관분석에 따라 핵심단어를 추출한 후, 의미 연결망을 시각화한 결과, 출현 빈도를 기준으로 한 경우, 의미 연결망 중앙에 위치하는 단어에 남녀 차이가 없었다. 둘째, 연관분석에 따라 추출된 핵심 단어와 바이그램 단위로 추출한 핵심 단어는 성별에 따라 큰 차이를 보였다. 즉, 여학생의 단어의 의미 연결망에서 '생활'-'결혼'-'출산'-'임신'의 연결망이 독립적으로 나타나서, 인구 문제에 대해 분리된 객관적 연결망을 보이는 남학생과 구별되었다. 따라서 남학생과 여학생은 인구 문제에 대해 다른 인식 구조를 갖는 이질적인 집단으로 봐야 하고, 인구 교육에 있어 내용과 방법을 성별에 따라 다르게 접근해야 할 것이라는 시사점을 도출하였다.

• 기독교교육논총
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• 제72권
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• pp.49-70
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• 2022

연구 목적 : 본 연구는 대한민국 사회와 한국교회가 직면하게 된 저출산 시대라는 위기와 변화를 기독교 교육적 돌봄을 통한 대응과 해결 방안을 제시하기 위한 목적이다. 이를 위하여 대한민국 사회와 교회에 현실이 된 인구절벽, 저출산 문제를 하나님의 축복으로 임신과 출산 그리고 부모됨에 대한 의미를 성경적 측면에서 대안을 찾고자 함이다. 연구 내용 및 방법 : 저출산 시대에 부모가 된다는 부모 됨은 매우 어렵고 힘든 일이지만, 한편으로는 행복과 기쁨을 준다. 부모가 된다는 것은, 하나님의 축복이고, 일생에 가장 중요하고 가치 있는 일이다. 그러나 현대 사회는 부모가 되는 것을 스스로 선택할 수 있는 권리와 필요성을 강조한다. 핵가족화와 자녀 수의 감소, 그리고 아동 연구 발달 등으로 인해서 부모들은 어느 때보다 자녀 양육에 대한 많은 책임감과 경제적인 부담을 느끼게 한다. 따라서 부모가 되는 시기를 연기하거나 자발적으로 자녀를 갖지 않는 사람들도 점자 늘어나고 있는 것이 현실이다. 결론 및 제언 : 따라서 자녀 양육에 대한 책임감 저하로 인한 부모 됨에 대한 부정적인 인식을 개선하고자 하는 목적을 따라서, 기독교 교육적 관점에서 결혼과 임신과 출산 그리고 양육에 대해서 조명해 보아야 한다. 그리고 부모 됨의 인식과 이해 그리고 자녀 출산 및 양육의 특징을 파악하고, 과거와 현재의 가치변화 양상을 분석하고 원인을 논의와 저출산 해결을 비롯한 전반적인 육아 양육에 대한 기독교 교육적 돌봄을 제공하고자 한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.43-59
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• 1977

The Community Health Service considers the family as a service unit and places the emphasis of its service on the health problems and the nursing needs of the family rather than the individual. From the conceptual point of view that tile community health service is both health maintenance and health promotion of the family, the community health nurse should have a knowledge of the growth and development of the family and be responsible for the comprehensive support of normal family development. The community health nurse often is in a position to make a real contribution to normal family development. In order to investigate the relationship between the areas of nursing need and family development, the following objectives were established 1. To discover the general characteristics of the study population by the stage of family development. 2. To discover specific nursing needs in relation to the family developmental stage, and to determine the intensity of the nursing needs and the ability of the family to cope with these needs. 3. To discover overall family health nursing problems in relation to the family developmental stage and determine the intensity of the nursing need and the problem solving ability of family. Definitions : The family developmental stages as classified by Dually were used stage 1. Married couples(without children) stage 2. Childbearing Families (oldest child birth to 30 months of age) stage 3. Families with preschool children (oldest child 2½-to 6 years) stage 4. Families with schoolchildren (oldest child 6 to 13 years). stage 5. Families with teenagers (oldest child 13 to 20 years) stage 6. Families as launching centers (first child gone to last child′s leaving home). stage 7. Middle- aged parents (empty nest to retirement) stage 8. Aging family member (retirement to death of both spouses) The areas of nursing need were defined as those used in the study, "A Comprehensive Study about Health and Nursing Need and a Social Diagram of the Community", by tile Nursing research Institute and Center for population. and Family Planning, July 1974. The study population defiled and selected were 260 nuclear families ill two myron of Kang Hwa Island. Percent, mean value and F- test were utilized in tile statistical analysis of the study result. Findings : 1. General characteristics of the study population by tile family developmental stage ; 1)The study population was distributed by the family developmental stage as follows : stage 1 : 3 families stage 2 : 13 families stage 3 : 24 families stage 4 : 41 families stage 5 : 50 families stage 6 : 106 families stage 7 : 13 families stage 8 : 10 families 2) Most families had 4 or 5 members except for those in stage, 1, 7, and 8. 3) The parents′ present age was older in the higher developmental stage and their age at marriage was also younger in the higher developmental stages. 4) The educational level of parents was primarily less than elementary school irrespective of the developmental stage. 5) More than half of parents′ occupations were listed as laborers irrespective of the developmental stage, 6) More than half of the parents were atheists irrespective of the developmental stage. 7) The higher the developmental stage(from stage 2 to stage 6 ), the wider the distribution of children′s ages. 8) More than half of the families were of middle or lower socio-economic level. 2. Problems in specific areas of nursing need by family developmental stage, the intensity of nursing need and the problem solving ability of the family : 1) As a whole, many problems, irrespective of the developmental stage, occurred in tile areas of Housing and Sanitation, Eating Patterns, Housekeeping, Preventive Measures and Dental care. Problems occurring ill particular stages included the following ; stage 1 : Prevention of Accident stage 2 : Preventive Vaccination, Family Planning. stage 3 : Preventive Vaccination, Maternal Health, Family Planning, Health of Infant and Preschooler. stage 4, 5 : Preventive Vaccination, Family Planning, Health of School Children. stage 6 : Preventive Vaccination, Health of School Children. 2) The intensity of the nursing need in the area of Acute and Chronic Diseases was generally of moderate degree or above irrespective of the developmental stages except for stage 1. Other areas of need listed as moderate or above were found in the following stages: stage 1 : Maternal Health stage 3 . Horsing and Sanitation, Prevention of Accident. stage 4 . Housing and Sanitation. stage 5 : Housing and Sanitation, Diagnostic and Medical Care. stage 6 : Diagnostic and Medical care stage 7 : Diagnostic and Medical Care, Housekeeping. stage 8 : Housing and Sanitation, Prevention of Accident, Diagnostic and Medical Care, Dental Care, Eating Patterns, Housekeeping. 3) Areas of need with moderate problem solving ability or less were as follows : stage 1 : Diagnostic and Medical Care, Maternal Health. stage 2 : Prevention of Accident, Acute and Chronic Disease, Dental Care. stage 3 : Housing and Sanitation, Acute and Chronic Disease, Diagnostic and Medical Care, Preventive Measure, Dental Care, Maternal Health, Health of Infant and preschooler, Eating Patterns. stage 4 : Housing and Sanitation, Prevention of Accident, Diagnostic and Medical Care, Preventive Measure, Dental Care, Maternal Health, Health of New Born, Health of Infant and Preschooler, Health of school Children, Eating Patterns, Housekeeping. stage 5 . Housing and Sanitation, Prevention of Accident, Acute and Chronic Disease, Diagnostic and Medical Care, Preventive Measure, Dental Care, Preventive Vaccination, Maternal Health, Eating Patterns. stage 7, 8 : Housing and Sanitation, Prevention of Accident, Acute and Chronic Disease, Diagnostic and Medical Care, Preventive Measures, Dental Care, Preventive Vaccination, Eating Patterns , Housekeeping. Problem occurrence, the degree of nursing need and the degree of problem solving ability 1 nursing need areas for the family as a whole were as follows : 1) The higher the stages(except stage 1 ), the lower the rate of problem occurrence. 2) The higher the stage becomes, the lower the intensity of the nursing need becomes. 3) The higher the stages (except stages 7 and 8), the higher. the problem solving ability. Conclusions ; 1) When the nursing care plan for the family is drawn up, depending upon the stage of family development, higher priority should be give to nursing need areas ① at which problems were shown to occur ② where the nursing need is shown to be above moderate degree and ③ where the problem solving ability was shown to be of moderate degree. 2) The priority of the nursing service should be Placed ① not on those families in the high developmental stage but on those families in the low developmental stage ② and on those areas of need shown in stages 7 and 8 where the degree nursing need was high and the ability to cope low.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.105-138
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• 2009

지난 20여 년간의 지속적인 출산율 감소 현상에 대응한 최근의 정책논의에서 출산율 감소에 대한 이론적 논의는 많이 이루어진데 반해 실증적 연구 결과의 양은 아직 빈약한 수준이다. 본 연구는 출산율 감소의 가장 중요한 원인 중의 하나로 이해되는 여성의 임금수준이 1980년대 이후의 출산율에 미친 영향을 실증적으로 분석한다. 기간모형을 이용하여 출산율의 한 구성요소인 출산 간격을 분석한 결과, 1980년부터 2005년까지의 두 번째 출산확률의 감소 중 여성 임금의 변화가 약 17%를 설명하는 것으로 나타났다. 자료의 한계로 인해 통제되지 못한 변수가 존재하나, 최소한 여성의 임금수준이 출산에 미치는 총체적 효과의 크기를 제시하는 하나의 추정치로서 의미가 있다. 임금으로 표현되는 여성의 노동시장에서의 기회비용 상승이 자녀에 대한 수요를 감소시킨다는 사실은 출산율 저하가 경제발전에 따르는 현상임을 암시한다. 따라서 출산율 제고와 여성의 고용 증진은 동시에 추구해야 할 정책목표로 보이고, 이를 달성하기 위해 정부는 자녀양육에 대한 여성의 노동시장에서의 기회비용을 줄이는 포괄적인 가족친화정책을 고려할 필요가 있다.

• 대중서사연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.55-85
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• 2019

본고에서는 한국의 N포세대가 그려지는 사회적 맥락을 최근의 드라마, 영화 등을 통해 살펴봄으로써 우리 시대의 풍속도를 분석해 보고 대중매체가 담당해야 할 역할에 대해 타진해 보았다. 그 결과 전 지구적인 청년실업과 삶의 양극화, 불안정성, 성과사회의 각박한 현실에 혼밥하는 것으로 잉여자가 된 자신을 위무하며 소확행(작지만 확실한 행복)하는 N포세대의 내면에 주목하게 되었고(드라마 <혼술남녀>, <식샤를 합시다>), 주거고민이 결혼 기피로까지 이어지는 N포세대가 추구하는 '합류적 사랑'의 경향을 엿볼 수 있었다.(드라마 <이번 생은 처음이라> 영화 <소공녀>)는 문화적 감수성의 새로운 세대 출현이 진행되고 있음을 제시하면서 진정성 있는 삶에 대한 성찰을 던져주었다. 드라마 <청춘시대>는 청년 실업, 비정규직, 파편화된 가족, 데이트 폭력 등을 비중있게 다루면서 타인의 상처에 대해 공감하고 함께 해결하고자 하는 의지를 실천하는 등장인물들의 모습이 감정공동체의 성장담으로 그려졌다. 살펴본 작품들은 지금 한국사회가 숙고해야 할 문제는 결국 생존 자체를 넘어선 사람답게 사는 것, 사람됨의 조건을 찾아가는 것이란 성찰을 담고 있다. 그런 의미에서 우리가 추구해야 할 것은 여러 세대를 아우르는 공공성이다. 때문에 세대별 갈등이 촉발될 수밖에 없는 현실 가운데 공감할 수 있는 통로를 마련하기 위한 대중매체의 감수성 훈련이 긴요해진다. 이에 대한 고민을 끊임없이 공론화하는 것이 또한 대중매체의 책무가 아닐까 한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권19호
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• pp.8063-8067
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• 2014

Background: Cervical cancer is a major public health problem in Bangladesh. Persistence of high risk human papillomavirus (HRHPV) influences the progression of the disease, with an important role in followup for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Objective: To establish application of high risk HPV DNA test in the follow-up of women after treatment of CIN. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional and hospital based study was carried out among 145 CIN treated women during the previous six months to three years at the colposcopy clinic of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, between January 2011 and June 2012. Pap smear and HPV samples were collected and colposcopy was performed to find out the persistence of the disease. Cervical samples obtained were tested for HPV DNA using the Hybrid Capture II (HC-II) test. A cervical biopsy was collected whenever necessary. The results were compared to assess the efficacy of different methods during follow up such as Pap smear, HPV test and colposcopy. Results: Mean age of the recruited women (n=145) was 33.6 (${\pm}7.6$), mean age of marriage was 16.8 (${\pm}2.9$) and mean age of 1st delivery was 18.8 (${\pm}3.5$) years. More than half had high grade CIN before treatment and 115 (79.3%) women were managed by LEEP and 20.7% were managed by cold coagulation. Among the 145 treated women, 139 were negative for HPV DNA and six of them (4.1%) were HPV positive. Sensitivity of Pap smear (40.0) and HPV DNA test (40.0) was poor, but specificity was quite satisfactory (>93.0) for all the tests. Conclusions: The high risk HPV DNA test can be an effective method of identifying residual disease. It can be added to colposcopy and this should be applied to all treated women attending for their first or second post-treatment follow-up visit at 6 months to one year, irrespective of the grade of treated CIN.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7595-7600
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• 2013

Cervical cancer is a serious public health problem in developing countries. We investigated possible risk factors for cervical cancer in rural areas of Wuhan China using a matched case-control study with 33 women diagnosed with cervical cancer and 132 healthy women selected from the same area as matched controls. A questionnaire, which included questions about general demography conditions, environmental and genetic factors, the first sexual intercourse, first marriage age, age at first pregnancy, pregnancy first child's age, female personal health history, social psychological factors, dietary habits, smoking and alcohol status and other living habits was presented to all participants. At the same time, HPV infection of every participant was examined in laboratory testing. Results showed HPV infection (P<0.000, OR=23.4) and pregnancy first child's age (P<0.000, OR=13.1) to be risk factors for cervical cancer. Menopause (P=0.003, OR=0.073) was a protective factor against cervical cancer. However, there was no indication of associations of environmental (drinking water, insecticide, disinfectant) genetic (cancer family history), or life-style factors (smoking status, alcohol status, physical training, sleep quality), including dietary habits (intake of fruit and vegetable, meat, fried food, bean products and pickled food) or social psychological factors with cervical cancer. The results suggest that the risk of cervical cancer in Chinese rural women may be associated with HPV infection, menopause and the pregnancy first child's age.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2001

This paper is based on the assumption that the sexual awareness and sexual behaviour of high school students would show the difference between an academic high school and a vocational high school. The main purpose of this paper is to provide basic information on establishing the direction of a realistic and efficient education, which leads to the desirable sex ethics eventually. To do this, a comparative study was carried out to figure out the difference between academic high school students and vocational high school students in terms of their actual awareness and behaviour of sex. I put the following two questions in order to achieve the goal of this study. First, what is the difference in sexual awareness between academic high school students and vocational high school students? Second, what is the difference in sexual behaviour between academic high school students and vocational high school students? The subjects of the survey conducted were 595 high school students in Kyunggi Province and I made the questionnaires referencing pre-studies. The SPSS program was used to get a frequency and a percentage from the results of the survey and then, by applying t-text, $x^2$ verification and interrelation, the following results were obtained. First, regarding sexual awareness, there wasn't much difference in their idea of keeping virginity before marriage between academic high school students and vocational high school students. From the results obtained by analyzing the interrelation between students and their parents and friends in terms of a will to keep virginity, it is found that there was a relevance in both academic high school and vocational high school. When they have a sex problem, it was friends that they are looking for consulting and both groups showed thesame result. But pertaining to an experience of a sex education, the comparative analysis indicated an meaningful difference. Second, as for sex behaviour, it was shown that there was a difference in the experience of going out with the other sex between academic high school students and vocational high school students as well as in the degree of physical touch. However, not much difference was shown in controlling a sex desire between the two groups. As a results of the comparative analysis of the sex experience between the two groups, there was a meaningful difference. In terms of the object of their sex experience, the majority of students in the two groups chose a friend as their first answer and there was little difference. From these results I can draw some conclusions that most of the students in both groups have a link with friends and parents in keeping their virginity. Furthermore, a meaningful difference in experiencing a sex education is presented between the two groups. With regard to the sex behaviour of high school students, a meaningful difference is shown in dating the other sex, a physical touch and a sex experience between the two groups. Consequently, we realize that there is a meaningful difference in some variants on the sexual awareness and sexual behaviour of high school students between academic high school and vocational high school.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.71-87
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to assess pain, discomfort, depression and coping patterns and the relations between these in chronic arthritis patients. The sampling method was a purposive sampling technique. 1) Who have been diagnosed as having chronic arthritis and. 2) Who were at the out patients clinic of rheumatoid arthritis departments of one University hospital in seoul between september, 11, 1993 to september, 18, 1993. The instruments used for this study were Graphic Rating Scales of pain, discomfort level of the activities of daily living(ADL) developed by Lee, Eun Ok and The Beck Depression inventory. The research used to measure coping patterns was a tool developed by the present study researcher. Analysis of data was done frequency, Pearson correlation coefficients, ANOVA, regression and ANCOVA. The results were summerlized as follows ; 1. Female exceed male patients in number and onset of joint pain were more prevalent in the age groups of the 40s and the 50s. The average duration of suffering from the pain were seven years six mounths. 2. The mean pain score : The mean sensory score was 119mm and the affective score was 109mm. 3. The discomfort level of ADL, the mean score was 2.95 out of a possible score of 5.0 and depression syndrome subjects were 62.2%. 4. The coping responses for each pattern were as follows : 1) "Active coping" mean score was 2.28. 2) "Wishful coping" mean score was 2.89. 3) "Receptive coping" mean score was 3.31. 4) "Negative coping" mean score was 1.82. 5. Significant differences were found in age, religion, marriage status and the coping patterns of patients. 1) In the coping pattern of "receptive coping", the score of the age groups of the 50s were higher than that of 20s, and in the coping pattern of "negative coping", the score of the age groups of the 20s were higher than other age groups. 2) In the coping pattern of "wishful coping", the score of the christian were higher than other religion groups. 3) In the coping pattern of "negative coping", the score of the marrieds were lower than other groups. 6. Patients who scored low on factor 2, wishful coping, were much more likely to report having pain sensory than patioets scoring high on this factor. 7. Patients who scored high on factor 4, negative coping, were significantly more likely to report having pain sensory than patients scoring high on this factor. Consider overall, chronic arthritis patients report using a wide varity of strategies, certain strategies such as receptive, wishful and active coping are used frequently, whereas other strategies such as negative coping are rarely used. One of the most important finding of present study is that the reported use of coping strategies is related to adjustment to a chronic pain problem. The present study suggests that negative coping is related to poor emotional adjustment as assessed by depression, but not pain ratings. Considered overall, this pattern of findings suggests that counseling patients to decreased their use of negative coping may be useful. The present study has a number of limitations. First, the sample is restricted to chronic arthritis patients. Weather chronic pain patients suffering from other types of pain syndromes use similar coping strategies needs to be determined in subsequent research. Second, the tool of coping pattern must be studied further to obtain reliability.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.157-171
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• 1999

This paper analyzed health practices of students in an university in Chollabukdo Province. It attempted to study how many university students had what kinds of health practices. Furthermore, it tried to find out what are the major problems in health practice among university students. To study health practices of university students, this study sampled 1,469 students randomly. Many of the students had poor practices of teeth care. In tooth-brushing, many students (35.8%) brushed their teeth before breakfast in the morning. Most of the students (95% or more) visit dental clinic only when they had problem(s) in their teeth. For weights, there exists a great gap between perception and BMI (Body Mass Index), especially among female students. Among the female students who perceived their weights were above average, 96.4% of them were normal according to BMI. Many of the students were drinking greater amount of alcohol than safe amount suggested by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. The proportion of the students drinking harmful or hazardous amount of alcohol were 79.5% of the male students and 74.9% of the female students. It suggests that health promotion fund or tax need to be levied on alcohol to frustrate unhealthful drinking. More than half (59.0%) of the male students and about 6.0% of the female students were smoking cigarettes. The smoking initiation ages were 17.8 for male and 18.2 for female students. It means that many of the students started smoking in their junior high or high schools. It implies that smoking prevention and smoking cessation programs need to be emphasized in these schools. For perception on sex, 27.8% of the male students and 60.9% of the female students thought to keep their virginity before their marriage. The female students were more conservative in perception on sex. The average number of sexual intercourses per year of male students was 17.0 times with their lovers, 7.9 times with prostitutes, and 7.0 times with maids. The female students had sexual intercourses 5.0 times with their lovers and 4.0 times with waiters per year. The proportion of students who had experience of sexual intercourse with homosexual partners was 1.0%. The finding this study was that the university students were vulnerable to poor health practices. It is suggested that public health intervention program be provided for university students to keep them in good healthy lifestyle.