• Title/Summary/Keyword: Marking

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A Study on the Application of Glow Line Marking Technology Development for Reducing Traffic Accidents at Nighttime (도로의 야간 교통사고 저감을 위한 야광형 포장노면표시 기술개발의 적용성 연구)

  • Lee, Yong Mun;Kim, Heung Rae;Kim, Sang Tae
    • International Journal of Highway Engineering
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.59-68
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    • 2015
  • PURPOSES : This study suggests the application of glow line marking technology for reducing traffic accidents at nighttime. METHODS : In this study, using a statistical analysis, we analyzed the characteristics of traffic accidents occurring at nighttime. Next, the strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat (SWOT) factors were derived based on a current-status analysis of glow line marking technology and road environments. An SO strategy, ST strategy, WO strategy, and WT strategy were established in accordance with the four SWOT factors. RESULTS : This study suggests that the following strategies should be promoted to apply glow line marking technology to a road environment: 1) an activation strategy for the technological development of glow line markings for a new paradigm in reducing traffic accidents, 2) a benefit enhancement strategy applying glow line marking technology in places where nighttime traffic accidents frequently occur, 3) a strategy for the expansion of glow line marking by replacing streetlights, and 4) a strategy for enhancing road applications through the development of various line marking methods in consideration of both performance and costs. CONCLUSIONS : The application of glow line markings in a road environment can contribute to a reduction of traffic accidents at nighttime, and aid energy savings from the replacement of streetlights.

Road Surface Marking Detection for Sensor Fusion-based Positioning System (센서 융합 기반 정밀 측위를 위한 노면 표시 검출)

  • Kim, Dongsuk;Jung, Hogi
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.22 no.7
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    • pp.107-116
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    • 2014
  • This paper presents camera-based road surface marking detection methods suited to sensor fusion-based positioning system that consists of low-cost GPS (Global Positioning System), INS (Inertial Navigation System), EDM (Extended Digital Map), and vision system. The proposed vision system consists of two parts: lane marking detection and RSM (Road Surface Marking) detection. The lane marking detection provides ROIs (Region of Interest) that are highly likely to contain RSM. The RSM detection generates candidates in the regions and classifies their types. The proposed system focuses on detecting RSM without false detections and performing real time operation. In order to ensure real time operation, the gating varies for lane marking detection and changes detection methods according to the FSM (Finite State Machine) about the driving situation. Also, a single template matching is used to extract features for both lane marking detection and RSM detection, and it is efficiently implemented by horizontal integral image. Further, multiple step verification is performed to minimize false detections.

The Failure Mode and Effects Analysis Implementation for Laser Marking Process Improvement: A Case Study

  • Deng, Wei-Jaw;Chiu, Chung-Ching;Tsai, Chih-Hung
    • International Journal of Quality Innovation
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.137-153
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    • 2007
  • Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a preventive technique in reliability management field. The successful implementation of FMEA technique can avoid or reduce the probability of system failure and achieve good product quality. The FMEA technique had applied in vest scopes which include aerospace, automatic, electronic, mechanic and service industry. The marking process is one of the back ends testing process that is the final process in semiconductor process. The marking process failure can cause bad final product quality and return although is not a primary process. So, how to improve the quality of marking process is one of important production job for semiconductor testing factory. This research firstly implements FMEA technique in laser marking process improvement on semiconductor testing factory and finds out which subsystem has priority failure risk. Secondly, a CCD position solution for priority failure risk subsystem is provided and evaluated. According analysis result, FMEA and CCD position implementation solution for laser marking process improvement can increase yield rate and reduce production cost. Implementation method of this research can provide semiconductor testing factory for reference in laser marking process improvement.

A Study on the Low Depth Marking Method through Laser Source Characteristic Analysis (Laser Source 특성 분석을 통한 Low Depth Marking 공법 연구 및 고찰)

  • Jeon, Sooho;Kim, Jeho;Lee, Youngbeom;Moon, Kiill
    • Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.65-71
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    • 2022
  • In the case of Mobile PKG Trend is in a situation where a decrease in Mold Top Margin is inevitable due to its miniaturization and high capacity product requirements. However, conventional laser marking technology has an average depth of deep, and when applied to narrow top margin products, PKG strength is expected to decrease due to overlapping processing, and reliability is reduced due to poor quality such as chip damage due to laser exposure. Therefore, we have secured the technology through research on low-depth laser marking solutions that can accommodate narrow top margin products. As a result of the evaluation of applicable technology application for PKG development products, it was verified that the marking depth decreased by 67% reduced and the PKG strength increased by 12%. Furthermore, the quality verification of Laser Damage that can occur through PKG Mechanical analysis was performed, and no Chip Damage defects were found. This ensured the stability of mass production application quality.

A study on Variation of Marking Effecting the Required Property Quantity & Market Efficiency in Development of Ready-Made Clothes (기성복 디자인의 개발에서 Marking에 따른 차이가 원자재 소요량과 Maker 효율에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • 김준범
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.120-127
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    • 1999
  • The purpose of the study is to mae experimental whether the required property quantity and marker efficiency has variation of marking based on theoretical background of marking using th function of computer marking system. To investigate that variation of marking effect the required property quantity and marker efficiency as the following is tried to solve giving separation to item width of property cutting line detail which is believed to influence the required property quantity and marker efficiency. How to make experiment as follows separating in order marker of 1082 styles of women's ready-made clothes of with basic design(jacket. pants. skirt, two-piece). Then the data were subjected to analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range test. The result of this studying as follows 1. In marker of women's jacket and pants the required property quantity shows lower when it is each item than when it is two-pice,. 2. In marker of women's pants marker efficiency shows the highest level when width is 132cm and it shows the lowest level when width is 112cm. 3. In width 152cm of skirt marker it has cutting lines shows lower the required property quantity than it doesn't have. 4. In marker of women's pants it has details shows more high marker efficiency than it doesn't have.

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Appropriate Dimension of Freeway Lane Marking using Computer Based Laboratory Experiment (컴퓨터 기반 실내실험을 통한 고속도로 차선의 적정 규격)

  • Kang, Min Jeong;Oh, Heung Un
    • International Journal of Highway Engineering
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.99-104
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    • 2015
  • PURPOSES : It is well known that experts determined the current standard dimensions of freeway lane markings. However, rigorous engineering rationale could be insufficient regarding whether or not the standard dimensions account for how visible the markings are to the driver. In this study, we seek to optimize the dimensions of freeway lane markings to improve their visibility to drivers. METHODS : The study was conducted as follows. First, alternative lane marking dimensions were selected which could be installed in a test construction site. Second, a video recording was made while driving on the test construction site. Third, subjects were shown the recorded video and then instructed to indicate their preference from among the various lane markings. Lastly, t-tests were applied to assess the statistical significance of differences in the preferences expressed. RESULTS : According to the t-test results, there was no significant difference in the preferences expressed regarding the lane marking widths. However, with regard to the dimensions of freeway lane marking, which represents line marking lengths, gap lengths, and widths of marking, the subjects expressed a preference for specific dimensions such as 6 m:12 m,13 cm, 8 m:12 m,10 cm and 6 m:12 m,10 cm. CONCLUSIONS : In considering the dimensions of freeway lane markings and their relation to visibility by the driver, it was found that dimensions such as 6 m:12 m,13 cm, 8 m:12 m,10 cm and 6 m:12 m,10 cm.

A Study on the Improvement of Safety Certification Marks Displayed on the Surface of Temporary Equipments at Construction Site (II) : Marking Method and Location (건설현장에 사용되는 가설기자재의 안전인증표시 개선방안 연구(II) : 표시방법 및 표시위치)

  • Jeong, Seong-Choon;Bong, Jin Kyun;Won, Jeong Hun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.95-102
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    • 2018
  • This study investigated the improvement of safety certification marking method and location marked on temporary equipments in order to guarantee the quality and safety of temporary equipments. The survey was performed for the stakeholder (manufacturers, lessors, and users) to find out the effective way that all stakeholder can agree each other. The main reason which users checked the safety certification making is that the mandatory safety certification marking can prevent the usage of poor and illegal temporary equipments. For the marking method, all stakeholder agreed that a depressed engraving method was an effective and usable displaying method. The opinions about the position of safety certification marking among the users, lessors, and manufacturers did not come into the agreement. The manufacturers preferred the marking position in which the engraving process is easy, but users wanted the conspicuous place such as vertical member. However, it is necessary to continuously study ways to adopt the position preferred by the users.

A study on the design of the laser marking system using galvanometer scanner (갈바노미터 스캐너를 이용한 레이저 마킹 시스템 설계 제작에 관한 연구)

  • 조태익;이건이
    • 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 1986.10a
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    • pp.145-148
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    • 1986
  • To perform the marking on metal with high speed and non-contact using the laser beam of high energy, laser marking system is designed and fabricated applying the galvanometer scanner capable of high speed-precise beam positioning controlled by microprocessor. Laser is a Q-switched Nd:YAG producing multi-mode, wavelength, 1060nm. Optical system is composed of beam expander, scanning mirror and flat field lens. Consequently, the laser marking is satisfactorily achieved regardless of kinds of metal.

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Performance Analysis of Laboratory and Field Luminance for Phosphorescent Line Marking and Preliminary Study of Luminance Analysis Using Digital Images (축광노면표시의 실내 및 현장 휘도 성능분석과 디지털이미지를 이용한 휘도분석 사전연구)

  • Kim, Sang Tae;Lee, Yong Mun;Kim, Heung Rae;Choi, Kee Choo
    • International Journal of Highway Engineering
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    • v.18 no.6
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    • pp.145-152
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    • 2016
  • OBJECTIVES : Visibility at night can be improved by using retroreflection for short distances and phosphorescent line markings for long distances. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of the phosphorescent line marking through a laboratory luminance test. Field performance analysis was performed through tests conducted on the road. We also examined the luminance measurement methods using the digital image obtained during the phosphorescent visibility evaluation. METHODS : In this study, the laboratory luminance test of the phosphorescent line marking was conducted using seven specimens to characterize the luminance changes according to the type of the glass beads, the thickness of the phosphorescent line marking, and the brightness and irradiation time of the light source. Phosphorescent and general line markings were made at 150 m to investigate the field luminance performance. A preliminary review of the luminance measurement methods was made using a digital image from a digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera. The measured luminance ratio of the general and the phosphorescent line markings was compared with the calculated luminance ratio using luminance analysis. RESULTS : Through the laboratory luminance test, it was seen that the change in luminance, which corresponds to the brightness of the light source, appears large but the influence of the thickness and irradiation time is low. The field performance test of the phosphorescent line marking conducted on the road involved measuring the luminance on the day the marking was made and 7 days after the marking was made. The luminance was found to be $190mcd/m^2$ at 30 min after sunset and approximately $10-12mcd/m^2$ 4h after sunset. The results of the luminance test were captured using a digital image for each time group. The luminance ratio of the phosphorescent line marking, when compared to that of the general line marking, showed a similar trend within a 13% maximum error. Additionally, when this luminance ratio is compared to the direct field measurement, it could be confirmed that the luminance ratio, as captured in the digital image, showed a similar tendency. CONCLUSIONS : 1) The change in luminance corresponding to the brightness of the light source is significant in comparison with that corresponding to the thickness and the irradiation time. In addition, the results of the field test for the phosphorescent line marking satisfied the phosphorescent fire protection standard. 2) We examined the validity of the luminance measurement method using a digital image and we concluded that the change in the luminance ratio shows a similar tendency in both the cases. The results can form the basis for luminance measurement methodology for the construction and maintenance of phosphorescent line markings.

A Study on the Improvement of Safety Certification Marks Displayed on the surface of Temporary Equipments at Construction Site (I) : Stakeholder Cognition Analysis and Marking Contents (건설현장에 사용되는 가설기자재의 안전인증표시 개선방안 연구(I) : 이해관계자 인식 분석 및 표시내용)

  • Kim, Dong Won;Won, Jeong-Hun;Park, Yong Kyu;Lim, SeJong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.59-65
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    • 2017
  • This study examined the stakeholder cognition of the safety certification marking system by surveying manufacturers, lessors, and users. In addition, among various issues about safety certification marking systems, the improvement of safety certification marking contents was suggested in order to guarantee quality of temporary equipments. The results by statistical method show that it is necessary to increase of users' understanding about the safety certification marking system. In addition, the quality management system of temporary equipments should be introduced to control the actual condition that temporary equipments of various product companies are mixed in a site during removal and reuse processes. For detailed marking contents, it is recommended that a certification mark, an identification number, and the production year should be displayed and the manufacturer name could be selectively presented. Detail informations such as a safety certification number, a product company, a model type or name, a specification, a weight, a product number, and the location of a certification mark should be identified by the identification number.