• Korea Trade Review
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.229-246
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• 2022

In order to understand the economic damage of economic sanctions on trade between Korea and Russia, a trade structure analysis was conducted through statistics on import and export trade between Korea and Russia. Through the structural analysis of product trade, we tried to accurately analyze the current status of product trade between Korea and Russia. In the trade structure analysis, it was confirmed that the trade in goods between Korea and Russia decreased the most in market share and trade concentration. However, trade specialization, comparative advantage by market, and intra-industry trade index were not significantly affected despite strong economic sanctions. from Russia's point of view Smart measures are needed to address the current situation to avoid a greater economic downturn. The end of the war and the restoration of partnership with other countries are considered the most beneficial solutions for Russia and all countries, but it is difficult to predict how the war will go or what economic situation Russia will be in after the war.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 1987

This work examines reemployment processes through the use of event history unemployment data in the United States. Two aspects of these processes, the duration of unemployment and changes in the reemployment rate, are modelled and analyzed in terms of individual characteristics and their structural positions in the labor market. The secondary labor market is a competitive market in which unemployment occurs because people quit their jobs to devote more time in search for better jobs. Using search theory, the rate of reemployment has a positive time dependence as the searcher lower her reservation wage with the passage of time. By contrast, the primary market is characterized by long-term employment relations which reduce voluntary turnovers but generate layoffs temporarily. Relying on contract theory, because workers on temporary layoffs wait for recall, reemployment rates have a constant time dependence. Empirical results of unemployment durations indicate that reemployment processes are influenced by individual's positions in dual labor market structures. While the analysis suggests that the amount of search reemployment seems to be positively related to the degree of competitiveness of a market, somewhat weaker results are noted in the search reemployment processes in competitive markets.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.23-42
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• 2000

This study is to investigate spatial patterns of urban labor market growth driven by marketization process and its implication for understanding regional uneven development in post-reform China. Using a shift share analysis, it shows that the geography of employment growth in China's industrial labor market has closely interacted with the space economy of industrial output, which in turn indicates a deepening of economic reform. By decomposing net employment growth into output and productivity effects, it is shown that the non-state sector holds rapid growth of both output and productivity and contributes to net employment growth through positive net shifts. On the contrary, this study also presents that the state sector with relative decrease in output and productivity holds employment decline effects during the reform period. Since there is a significant spatial dimension for the trend above, it is contended that labor market dynamics together with space economy of industrial production play an important role in determining regional patterns of economic development. In addition, through situating this investigation in the context of structural and institutional changes in the reform period, our understanding of regional patterns of labor market growth will be much furthered.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.178-189
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze structural relationships with regard to the effect of customer integration, which is a type of integration in the supply chain, and market orientation of supply chain on the resulting change in the supply chain and management performance. The results of analysis in this study are as follows: First, customer integration and market orientation had a positive effect on reducing the flexibility and uncertainty of SCM. The decreased flexibility and uncertainty of SCM had a positive effect on non-financial performance, which also had a positive effect on financial performance. Second, customer integration and market orientation had a positive effect on financial and non-financial performance indirectly by decreasing the flexibility and uncertainty of SCM. Third, the effect of customer integration and uncertainty of SCM on the flexibility of SCM changed depending on the position in the supply chain; the effect was larger in the distribution group. The implications based on the analysis results are as follows: It is expected that the ability to deal with market changes in the overall supply chain is improved by laying the foundation for cooperation through establishing information infrastructure, including sharing information with trade partners and integrating systems, and implementing customer integration based on these achievements. It is also necessary to consider the business types and characteristics of individual companies in establishing information infrastructure.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.3-44
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• 2002

This study attempts to explain why traditionally pro-cyclical trade balance became counter-cyclical since early 1990's in Korea. Structural VAR analysis for two sub-periods reveals two interesting changes in the role of the supply shock. First, impulse response analysis shows that the conditional correlation between the supply shock and trade balance turned from positive to negative over the two sub-periods. Second, the relative importance of the supply shock increased over the sub-periods. These two factors together explain the change in the cyclical properties of trade balance over time. Underlying cause behind these changes is likely to be the trade and financial market liberalization since late 1980's.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.3-17
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• 2018

This paper empirically investigates time-varying regression parameter of hedonic price model for Seoul office rental market in distinct periods of a market cycle. Office rental index is constructed and the index indicates that the global financial crisis differentiates the analysis period into decline stage and recovery stage. Pre-crisis period is classified into decline stage and post-crisis is classified into recovery stage. Structural break-point test suggests structural change of hedonic model of rent determinants occurred in 2008. Evidence indicates that individual regression parameters of hedonic price model for decline stage are significantly different from those for recovery stage. Changes in the regression parameters of land price, distance to metro, building size, building age, and conversion rate are consistent. In recovery stage, the effect of locational advantage on office rent decreases whereas the effect of building characteristics on the rent increases.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.205-244
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• 2015

In response to the recent rapid technological and market changes, the importance of the design of ambidextrous organization has been increasingly emphasized as one of the dynamic capabilities. Firms that show a high performance in the rapid technological and market changes appear to design and implement ambidextrous organization successfully. They have achieved both exploitative competence for continuous innovation with product development and exploratory competence for discontinuous innovation with new market and new technologies. We have examined why and how to design and operate ambidextrous organizations and the effects of ambidextrous organizational characteristics on the performance from structural, contextual and leadership perspectives. We conducted case studies on 3 Korean firms that showed different characteristics of industrial product, company size, etc. Longitudinal case studies exhibit different processes of design and operating ambidextrous organization according to innovative strategy and industrial characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.3-11
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• 2015

The current real estate market is in a state that is considerably shrink due to the recession and long-term reduction of trading. In response, the government recently announced an innovative way for the middle-class residential housing and it is taking the lead to activate the real estate market. Meanwhile, the domestic housing market is entering a transition period, including structural changes of household structure, changes from joeonse to rent increasingly. Also single-member households will rise steeply, so that makes the high demand of small houses. In addition, the domestic construction industry is interested in new technology called Modular building. The Modular construction is an off-site construction system that shorten construction period, eco-friendly building technology and mobility etc, which can be used in various field. Overall, there are two major issues of the current market, one is the change of the real estate market, and the other is the modular construction. This study will propose modular business model in the rental market through the analysis the profitability of the modular business scenarios and IRR analysis.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.17-39
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• 2015

This study examined the structural changes and volatility in the global stock markets using a Markov Regime Switching ARCH model developed by the Hamilton and Susmel (1994). Firstly, the US, Italy and Ireland showed that variance in the high volatility regime was more than five times that in the low volatility, while Korea, Russia, India, and Greece exhibited that variance in the high volatility regime was increased more than eight times that in the low. On average, a jump from regime 1 to regime 2 implied roughly three times increased in risk, while the risk during regime 3 was up to almost thirteen times than during regime 1 over the study period. And Korea, the US, India, Italy showed ARCH(1) and ARCH(2) effects, leverage and asymmetric effects. Secondly, 278 days were estimated in the persistence of low volatility regime, indicating that the mean transition probability between volatilities exhibited the highest long-term persistence in Korea. Thirdly, the coefficients appeared to be unstable structural changes and volatility for the stock markets in Chow tests during the Asian, Global and European financial crisis. In addition, 1-Step prediction error tests showed that stock markets were unstable during the Asian crisis of 1997-1998 except for Russia, and the Global crisis of 2007-2008 except for Korea and the European crisis of 2010-2011 except for Korea, the US, Russia and India. N-Step tests exhibited that most of stock markets were unstable during the Asian and Global crisis. There was little change in the Asian crisis in CUSUM tests, while stock markets were stable until the late 2000s except for some countries. Also there were stable and unstable stock markets mixed across countries in CUSUMSQ test during the crises. Fourthly, I confirmed a close relevance of the volatility between Korea and other countries in the stock markets through the likelihood ratio tests. Accordingly, I have identified the episode or events that generated the high volatility in the stock markets for the financial crisis, and for all seven stock markets the significant switch between the volatility regimes implied a considerable change in the market risk. It appeared that the high stock market volatility was related with business recession at the beginning in 1990s. By closely examining the history of political and economical events in the global countries, I found that the results of Lamoureux and Lastrapes (1990) were consistent with those of this paper, indicating there were the structural changes and volatility during the crises and specificly every high volatility regime in SWARCH-L(3,2) student t-model was accompanied by some important policy changes or financial crises in countries or other critical events in the international economy. The sophisticated nonlinear models are needed to further analysis.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.178-186
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• 2024

While in high-income countries the development of digital technology began in the 1970s, in low- and middle-income countries it began in the 1990s and even after 2005, due to the political regime that constrained economic development and innovation. At the same time, there are no studies of the relationship between technological development and structural changes through innovation in low- and middle-income countries. The article aims to quantify the relationship of the introduction of digital technologies on innovation, structural transformation of low- and middle-income economies. The industrial-agrarian economy of Uzbekistan with an authoritarian regime is in a state of transition to a market economy, while in Ukraine, there are active processes of Europeanization and integration into the EU. Ukraine's economy is commodity-based (the export of raw materials of industries and the agricultural sector in developed countries predominates) and industrial-agrarian. Digital technologies and the service sector are little developed in Uzbekistan. On the other hand, Ukraine has a more developed ICT sector. Uzbekistan is gradually undergoing an innovative and structural transformation of the economy: the productivity of the agricultural, industrial, and service sectors is growing, but the ICT sector is virtually undeveloped. In comparison, in Ukraine, there are no significant structural transformations due to a significant drop in productivity of the industrial sector, with stable growth of productivity of the agricultural sector due to technology and a slight increase in productivity of the service sector. It is revealed that Ukraine and Uzbekistan have undergone structural transformations of the economy in favor of the service sector, while the agricultural and industrial sectors produce less and less. If Uzbekistan remains the industrial-agrarian country with an aggregate share of the added value of these sectors 59% in 2019, Ukraine transits to the post-industrial type of economy where the added value of the service sector in GDP grows (55% compared to agrarian and industrial sectors at 42%).