• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.25-34
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• 2014

Purpose - Considering that the governments' official statistics on the optimum scale of the domestic service industry will be crucial in future, this study's results will be used as an important benchmark to develop and verify the parameters in the government's official statistics. Research design, data, and methodology - To identify the appropriate scale of Korea's service industry and its adequacy, I have determined them through estimation using a regression method involving panel data analysis on the panel data of 30 OECD countries. Results - The regression coefficient provided indications of being non-linear. This means that a U-shaped curve relationship exists-that is, the level of the economic growth leverage decreases along with the service industry's growth up to the level of 70.9% in terms of the Korean service industry's adequacy; it increases along with the service industry's growth at a level higher than 70.9%. Conclusions - While the current proportion of the size of the service industry among all industries in Korea stands at 50.7%, its proper proportion estimated by a regression analysis was 70.9%.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2008

Excessive growth of phytoplankton is a common and severe problem in intensively farmed pangasiid catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) culture ponds. It can lead to cyanobacterial blooms, reduced fish growth, bad-tasting fish flesh, and lower market demand. To investigate how to manage undesirable phytoplankton growth, we evaluated three stocking strategies in nine rural fishponds (0.020-0.022 ha) owned by various farmers: a pangasiid catfish mono culture (treatment 1, $T_1$), and pangasiid catfish-silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) polycultures at two stocking ratios of 1:1 (treatment 2, $T_2$) and 2:1 (treatment 3, $T_3$). The total density of all ponds was approximately 30,000 fishes/ha. Monoculture ($T_1$) resulted in significantly higher (p < 0.05) nutrient levels (nitrate and phosphate) in ponds than did polyculture ($T_2$ and $T_3$). Nutrient loads increased with culture time, resulting in increased growth of phytoplankton, including Cyanophyceae (9 genera), Chlorophyceae (15 genera), Bacillariophyceae (8 genera), and Euglenophyceae (3 genera). The introduction of silver carp as a co-species helped to regulate phytoplankton growth and to improve the water quality of pangasiid catfish culture ponds.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.105-133
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• 2005

This paper attempts to verify that the economic gap between the workers in (large) firms with unions and those in (small and medium size) firms with no unions has recently been widened rapidly. A comparison of the wages of the workers belonging to the business establishments with and without trade union shows that the union premium has increased very sharply since 1997, after a relatively long periods with little changes. Also found is that union sector has witnessed a sharper decline in the share of the new entrants among workers as well as a faster increase of the average tenure of workers. These all indicate that the trade unions have forced a market equilibrium to move farther away from the competitive equilibrium in recent years.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.16-27
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• 2009

In this paper, I examined the level of fine dust in medical institutions, educational institutions and multi-purposed facilities to grasp the exact state of the present, and decided the level of air-borne particulate(KSM ISO Standard and ISO Standard 14644-1). We compared new proposed cleaner equipped with HEPA Filter with general cleaner and analyzed the rate of removal according to height, air volume and the equipment with the compulsive air intake. Through this comparison, I reached the conclusion as follows: 1. According to the examination, the fine dust of medical institutions, educational institutions and multi-purposed facilities in Kwang Ju is class 9. 2. The filter used in general cleaner on the market is that of HEPA-type, and its removal efficiency for fine particles($0.3{\sim}0.5{\mu}m$) is very low. 3. In the removal efficiency of new proposed cleaner equipped with HEPA Filter, the higher it is, the better, especially more than 180cm in height. 4. In case it is operated for 5 minutes under the condition of the space of $9.4m^{3}$ and the maximum air volume equipped with two induction pipes, we can keep the air cleanness level of 5 ~ 6. 5. To maintain the air cleanness for a long time, if we first operate for 5 minutes at maximum air volume and then operate at medium maximum air volume, we can keep the air cleanness with low energy.

• Journal of Convergence Society for SMB
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.15-20
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• 2015

There have been consumer needs for mobile payment system due to the rapid increase in the number of smartphones and the use of them. In tum, the market has been expanding as IT companies begin to participate in the mobile payment system business. Moreover, since the system supports better services not only covering payment service but also interworking with various apps in devices, it has been maximizing the consumer convenience. Although the convenience increased due to the mobile payment system, the vulnerability in security also increased; and smartphone users have been afraid of using the mobile payment system. This study is to examine Samsung Pay and Apple Pay, to present the vulnerability, and to suggest a countermeasure.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.436-451
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to come up with ways that cooperate between on-line game design and fashion design by analyzing trend color and on-line game character's costume color in on-line game. As for the research methodology, First, on-line games were selected with reference to www.ranky.com. Second, 2009 SS trend color palettes suggested by Copenhagen International Fashion Fair was used as a criterion of fashion trend. Third, on-line game character's costume colors were analyzed in relation to the degree of reflection of trend and the game character's type. The results are as follows. Each on-line game character costume's colors were made in accordance with typical character types. But we can find a one-to-one correspondence between fashion trend colors and game character costume's colors. That's because both trends and character types are the results of the continuing interactions between human-beings and societies. In comparison with fashion trend colors, game character costume colors are partly raw and inharmonious. Therefore, it is necessary to apply fashion trend color in game character costume design for enhancing competitiveness in the world market.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.189-206
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• 2013

In this paper, we investigate if the new merchant fee system has problems. The fee was fixed by government policies and there were no processes of listening to market participants. Therefore, we suggest improvements as follows. First, large-sized stores take burdens for the rest of stores so credit card companies and the government should try to minimize the increasing rate for large-sized stores. Second, credit card firms need to give VAN companies roles of stabilizing authorizing processes. Third, periodic update requires because of credibility. Fourth, contents of merchant fee should be disclosed to merchants. Fifth, there needs discussions for merchant fees of debit cards.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.111-121
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• 2013

Recently housing demands are going to be diversified, and many suggestions are driven for the housing consumer's right of choice and expectation for welfare services. These require the policy change from the clear division between houses and facilities toward more market-oriented concept capable of mixed-use development of houses with facilities. The research explores the possibilities to provide various types of mixed-use developments of houses and facilities in the level of architectural design and political implication. Major case studies focus on the elderly welfare housing with serviced residence with the comparison of similar cases in Japan. The policy implications are, first, expanding the production of elderly housing with more elderly care services, second, challenging time-sharing residence composed of serviced residence and small dwelling units, third, activating the production of small scale housing development with small public facilities. The simulation shows the merits and demerits of this concepts and the efficacy of the policy implications.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.5-12
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• 2016

Purpose: Quasi-steady state simulations have played a pivoting role to expand the user group of simulation to design engineers and architects in Korea. Initially they are introduced in the market as a building energy performance rating tool. In domestic practice, however, quasi-steady state simulations seem to be regarded as a de facto simulation only available for energy retrofit. Selection of ECMs and economic feasibility analysis are being decided through these tools, which implies that running these tools has become a norm step of the Investment-grade Audit. Method: This study aims at identifying issues and problems with the current practice via test cases, analyzing the reasons and opportunities, and then eventually suggesting proper uses of quasi-steady state and dynamic simulations. Result: The functionality of quasi-steady state simulations is more optimized to the rating. If they are to used for energy retrofits, their off-the-shelf functions also need to be expanded for customization and detailed reports. Yet their roles may be limited only to the go/no go decision; because their algorithms are still weak at precisely estimating energy and load savings that are required for making investment decisions compared to detailed simulations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.490-493
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• 2004

The domestic construction industry need to do productivity improvement through technology development than improvement of manpower control or system and develop competitive power through technology in international construction market. Upon this, government for elevation of technological level enacts and operates the advanced construction technology endorsement system but is not looking at effect as that the actual use-results also expected first. Therefore, in this paper, present improvement and direction for activation plan of construction new technology development through comparison with other connection system, literature investigation and questionnaire after grasp present condition of the advanced construction technology endorsement system with specialty construction company as the central figure which occupy most of appointed new technology.