• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.745-754
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• 2020

The dye marker Sudan Red 7B was tested as an effective and appropriate marking method for searching the territory of the termite, Reticulitermes speratus, in Korea. The sensitivity of termites to the dye marker was evaluated by measuring the feed consumption amount, survival rate, retention time, and transfer efficiency of R. speratus according to the concentration and feeding period of Sudan Red 7B. As the concentration conditions of dye marker increase, Sudan Red 7B remarkably reduced the feed consumption of the termites. The survival rate was not significantly different from that of the control group (more than 90%), except when feed containing 1% or 2% concentrations of the dye marker was given for five days. The duration of the marking effect persisted for seven days, even at a concentration of 2% dye marker in the feed. No dye transfer by trophallaxis occurred between termites marked with Sudan Red 7B and unmarked termites.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.313-321
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• 2006

There are three kinds of liquid petroleum marker which is extracted by the basic or acidic, and both developer. Korean marker, Unimark 1494 DB (marker) have been spectrophotometrically analysed by the determination of absorbance at 582 nm after base extraction by Unimark 1494 DB Developer C-5 (developer). Some blue dyes which have same reactive radical of marker and can be changed deep blue color in base developer extraction (BDE), may be increased absorbance at 582 nm, but dyes or markers which can be increased the absorbance, were not unclear. In this experiment, effects of three dyes or marker such as Orimax Green 151 (the mixture of CI Solvent Yellow 16 and CI Solvent Blue 70), quinizarin and Orimax Blue 2N (CI Solvent Blue 35), and two solvent such as topasol (P-250) and lubricant (P-8) on the absorbance were studied by HITACHI Recording Spectrophotometer U-3300. It shows that all of them increased absorbance at 582 nm after BDE. Absorbance at 582 nm can be showed 0.0544 by Orimax Green 151 at the concentration of 3.96 mg/l, quinizarin at the concentration of 1.38 mg/l, and Orimax Blue 2N at the concentration of 2.73 mg/l in the artificial petroleum (normal diesel oil: topasol: lubricant=2 : 4: 4), respectively. Absorbance, 0.0544 indicates that concentration of marker is 1.64 mg/l in the reference curves, respectively. And also these results can be showed that the artificial petroleum have about 10% cheep fuel such as kerosene which have marker (16.0 mg/l). Absorbance of P-250 was 0.01361-0.22842 depending upon the purchasing date, and that of P-8 was 0.05644. pH of developer was 14.83, and so this result indicates that Unimark 1494 DB is a base extractable petroleum marker, phenylazophenol (US Patent No. 5,252,106). In the BDE, the slight color of Orimax Blue 2N, Orimax Green 151 and quinizarin in artificial petroleum changed to deep bright blue color, respectively. These result indicate that the absorbance at 582 nm by BDE may be increased not only by azo, diazo, amine and ketone (anthraquinone, coumarin) dyes or markers, but also the contaminants of P-250 and P-8 which have same as reactive radical of dyes or markers.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.99-102
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• 2010

In this study, the 3- dimensional (3-D) learning contents are suggested using 'Augmented Reality' instead of existing 2-dimensional (2-D) learning methods. At the present, there are some 2-D learning methods using texts, image, pictures, and videos called e-learning. However, these one-way 2-D methods have some disadvantages such as declining learner's immersion and concentration. Thus, the 3-D learning contents using 'Augmented Reality' are suggested to compensate the disadvantages. According to the development of information technology (IT), the augmented reality has many applications to the era of ubiquitous. However, there are some disadvantages when learners use these contents as following; non-augmenting by partially hiding from makers and declining concentration by patterns of the makers. In this study, the beneficial marker which can solve this non-augmenting phenomenon is suggested.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.94.2-94.2
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• 2008

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.1811-1816
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• 2012

Black marker cause unnatural problems between the existing various contents and marker. To solve this problem, we tested frequency of 3D objects according to the various colors and color placement. Based on this, infant's learning content system based NyARToolkit for the mobile-based augmented reality was implemented. By insert to color marker, We are solved the unnatural problems in the Implemented system. and infant can study seamlessly because concentration increases by the familiar character on the markers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.369-373
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• 2015

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of cellulose concentration in diets containing no phosphorus (P) on the basal endogenous loss (BEL) of P in growing pigs. Twelve barrows (an initial mean body weight = $49.6{\pm}3.2kg$) were individually housed in metabolism crates. Pigs were allotted to 4 experimental diets according to a cross-over design with 12 animals and 2 periods. Four P-free diets were mainly based on corn starch, sucrose, and gelatin, and were formulated to contain 0%, 4%, 8%, or 12% cellulose. Each period consisted of a 5-d adaptation and a 5-d collection period. The marker-to-marker method was used for fecal collection. The feed intake (p<0.05, linear and quadratic) and dry feces output (p<0.01, linear and quadratic) were increased with increasing dietary cellulose concentration. However, P concentration in the feces was decreased (p<0.01, linear and quadratic) with increasing dietary cellulose concentration. There was no significant difference in total P output and the BEL of P as mg per kg DMI (ranging from 157 to 214 mg/kg of dry matter intake) among experimental diets. However, values for the apparent total tract digestibility of energy, dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and calcium were linearly decreased (p<0.01) with increasing cellulose concentration in the diet. In conclusion, dietary cellulose affected the amount of feces and digestibility of energy and nutrients, but did not affect the endogenous loss of P.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.333-340
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• 2018

Gamiguibi-tang (GGBT) is a traditional herbal medicine generally used to treat anemia, insomnia, anxiety, and nervousness. GGBT is being commercially produced in the form of extract granule and the quality control methods are specified in the Korean Herbal Pharmacopeia (KHP). However, there is no method to simultaneously analyze compound preparations. In this study, a HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of marker compounds in GGBT. And the contents of marker components and biological activities of the commercial GGBT extract granules (GGBT-2 and GGBT-3) were compared with those of the GGBT decoction (GGBT-1). We confirmed the robustness of simultaneous analytical method by monitoring the contents of the commercial GGBT products and carrying out validation. The marker components of GGBT were geniposide ($8.03{\sim}12.70{\mu}g/mL$), paeoniflorin ($2.79{\sim}4.25{\mu}g/mL$) and glycyrrhizic acid ($5.06{\sim}6.30{\mu}g/mL$). DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 47.34~63.17% and 21.52~33.61% in the GGBT products concentration of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The GGBT products significantly decreased NO, iNOS and COX-2 production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. The GGBT-2 had higher contents of marker components and biological activities than GGBT-1 and GGBT-3. The research suggest that be used in developing quality control methods for enhancing the quality of herbal medicines.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1315-1324
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• 2018

Objective: An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different diet formulations: F1 (Two complicated basal diets containing different crude protein levels plus tested feedstuff) vs F2 (A simple corn soybean meal [SBM] basal diet plus tested feedstuff) combined with total collection (TC) or chromic oxide ($Cr_2O_3$) marker or acid-insoluble ash (AIA) marker method, and freeze-dry or oven-dry (OD) technique on estimation of nutrient digestibility in diets fed to growing pigs. Methods: In F1, twelve barrows were allocated to two $6{\times}4$ Youden Squares. The treatment diets included a high protein basal (HPB) diet, a low protein basal (LPB) diet, a corn diet and a wheat bran (WB) diet formulated based on the HPB diet, and a SBM diet and a rapeseed meal (RSM) diet formulated based on the LPB diet. In F2, eight barrows were allocated to two $4{\times}4$ Latin Squares. The treatment diets included a corn basal diet, a SBM basal diet formulated based on the corn diet, and a WB diet and a RSM diet formulated based on the SBM diet. Results: Concentration of digestible (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME), and the apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy, ash, neutral detergent fibre, and acid detergent fibre determined by $Cr_2O_3$ marker method were greater than those determined by TC and AIA marker methods in HPB, LPB, and RSM diets formulated by F1 and in corn diet formulated by F2 (p<0.05). The DE values in WB and both DE and ME values in SBM and RSM estimated using F1 were greater than those estimated using F2 (p<0.05). Conclusion: From the accuracy aspect, the AIA marker or TC method combined with OD technique is recommended for determining the energy concentration and nutrient digestibility of components in diets fed to growing pigs.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.29-34
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• 2018

Objectives : It is necessary to manage herbal medicines based on effectiveness by comparing the efficacy of herbal medicines by region. In this study, we compared anti-oxidative activity and marker compounds of Eucommiae Cortex by regional groups. Methods : Eucommiae Cortex grown and harvested in Gangjin, Sancheong, Yeongwol, Jangsu, and Jecheon were used. Eucommiae Cortex was extracted in distilled water at $100^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours, and filtered. filtered. Extract samples were freeze-dried at $-80^{\circ}C$. Comparison of anti-oxidant activity in Eucommiae Cortex samples from regional groups was measured in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) between regional groups of Eucommiae Cortex. In addition, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was conducted to compare pinoresinol diglucoside concentration by regional groups. Results : HPLC analysis found that pinoresinol diglucoside concentration, widely known as the marker compound of Eucommiae Cortex, was the highest in Gangwon Yeongwol. There was a significant difference in anti-oxidative activity of Eucommiae Cortex between regional groups as discovered in DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. DPPH free radical scavenging was the highest in Jeonbuk Jangsu. ABTS free radical scavenging was the highest in Jeonbuk Jangsu and Chungbuck Jecheon. FRAP was the highest in Jeonbuk Jangsu. Conclusions : Although pinoresinol diglucoside concentration was high, anti-oxidative activity was not proportionately high. Pinoresinol diglucoside concentration was the highest in Gangwon Yeongwol. Anti-oxidative activity was the highest in Jeonbuk Jangsu.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.494-497
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• 2012

Black marker cause unnatural problems between the existing various contents and marker. To solve this problem, we tested the various colors and color placement according to frequency of 3D objects. Based on this, infant's learning content system based NyARToolkit for the mobile-based augmented reality was implemented. We are solved the unnatural problems by insert to color marker in the Implemented system. and infant can study seamlessly because concentration increases by the familiar character on the markers.