• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.89-107
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• 2008

Marine environment is subject serious destruction because of frequent accidents during exploration of marine resources and overseas transport. Also, as many industrial enterprises discharge high volume of wastes and contamination, marine pollution has become a serious threat to people (especially in China). China is quickly becoming a world economic leader of the 21st century. Rapid industrialization and social changes have raised the standard of living of millions of the Chinese, mainly in the areas of East and South East coast. The process of industrialization, however, is often followed by deterioration of the marine environment and rarely turned around until a country has increased its standard of living. Solving these array of problems will take decades and currently the government is addressing minor specific issues only. Fortunately, the Chinese government has enacted a number of marine pollution control laws. On 25 December 1999, the 13th Session of the Ninth Standing Commettee of the National People's Congress passed the amended the Marine Environment Protection Law of the People's Republic of China. This Law establishes rights and responsibilities of the relevant departments concerning marine environment management and provides for two new chapters on "Marine Environment Supervision" and "Marine Ecological Protection", along with "Supervision of Pollution Prevention for Marine Construction Projects", "Marine Ecological Protection" and "Marine Environment Pollution Prevention for Marine Construction Projects". Also, the Law was amended with provisions for integrated pollution discharge control system and oil spillage emergency response plan and enhanced legal responsibilities. Chinese government recognizes that international and national experience can be useful for China to prevent further ecological degradation of the marine environment.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.359-365
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• 1999

This study deals with litter which has sunk and accumulated on the sea-bed of the Chinhae Bay obtained by using a beam trawler. The litter collected through the duration of survey (1997~1998) were distributed from 8.76~80.63 items/ha and 3.51~108.39 kg/ha, respectively, in quantities and weights. Especially bulky wastes(shell, tires, motorcycle and refrigerator) were composed of 76% of them, next metal and glasses, 29.5%. The seasonal variability of litters in the bay is large, as 62% in April, next August, 23%, in total weights.These discarded substances have the widespread distribution but varied in each sampled area. Therefore they exist in a significant pollutants, as threatening the fishing activities and near marine environment, and also potential damage to marine resources.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.11-17
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• 2008

우리나라는 국적외항상선의 수가 2006년 1월 기준으로 546척, 13,716,733 G/T에 이르는 세계 제 8위의 해운강국이다. 선박은 건조시로부터 25년에서 30년 정도 운항하면 그 수명을 다해 다른 용도로 변경되어야한다. 수명이 다 된 노후 선박의 처리방법으로 재활용이 가장 나은 방범으로 대두되고 있으나 여러 가지 환경적 규제와 노동 규제에 의해 현재 선진국에서는 거의 이루어지지가 않고 비교적 법규제가 느슨한 개발도상국으로 옮겨지고 있으나 국제적으로는 선박도 하나의 폐기물로 보고 국가간 이동을 금지하는 추세이다. 본 연구에서는 선박해체산업현장의 열악한 작업환경과 환경피해의 심각성 해결을 위한 국제적인 동향을 알아보고자 하였나. IMO, UNEP, ILO 에서는 선박의 해체 작업에 참여하는 작업자들의 건강과 안전을 보호 하고 환경오염을 방지하기 위하여 선박내의 유해물질을 목록화하여 유해물질을 관리하도록 하는 방안을 마련하고 있으며, 선박의 재활용과 관련한 바젤협약, IMO Guideline, ILO Guideline, IMO Convention Draft를 통해 세계적인 추세를 알아보았다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1087-1093
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• 2011

The mixotrophic marine ciliate Mesodinium rubrum possesses a highly modified algal endosymbiont as a nutrition source for the species. Accordingly, we assumed that the species can reflect the ecotoxicity on marine producer (as phytoplankton) and consumer (as zooplankton) both. A series of experiments were conducted to identify the potential of the species as a standard test species for marine ecotoxicological study. The comparison of species sensitivity on reference toxic materials was made using potassium dichromate for phytoplankton and copper chloride for zooplankton. The ciliate revealed the highest sensitivity on both reference materials among the seven test species including phytoplankton, benthic copepod and rotifer species. The toxicity end point of the species was 72hr-$EC_{50}$=1.52 mg/L (as potassium dichromate) estimated by population growth inhibition (PGI), which is more sensitive than the most sensitive phytoplankton Skeletonema costatum (72hr-$EC_{50}$=3.05 mg/L). As comparison to rotifer, it also revealed higher sensitivity on copper chloride; 72hr-$EC_{50}$=0.38 mg/L for ciliate and 48hr-$EC_{50}$=0.48 mg/L for rotifer. Also, the elutriate toxicity test of various ocean disposal wastes were conducted to identify the potential of ciliate toxicity test application using industrial waste sludges. The toxicity of leather processing waste sludge was highest on the ciliate, followed by dyeing waste sludge and dye production waste sludge as an increasing order of toxicity. 72h-$EC_{50}$ of ciliate PGI test was 1.83% and that of S. costatum 3.84% for leather waste sludge which showed highest toxicity. The toxicity test results also revealed that the highest sensitivity was observed on ciliate species on ocean disposed sludge wastes. Also, ciliate toxicity test well discriminated the degree of toxicity between sludge sources; 72h-$EC_{50}$ values were 1.83% for leather processing waste sludge, 16.75% for dye production waste sludge and 27.75% for textile production waste sludge. Even the laboratory culture methods of the species were not generally established yet, the species has high potential as the standard test species for marine toxicity test in terms of the dual reflection of phyto- and zooplankton toxicity from single test, sensitivity and test replicability.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2001

현재 우리 나라 해양 환경 오염의 실태는 매우 심각하다. 또한 이로 인한 피해가 수산 양식 및 선박의 안전 운항에 많은 지장을 초래하고 있다. 그 동안 이를 해결하기 위한 대책의 일환으로 오염원인 해양 폐기물을 수거하여 소각한 후 매립하는 방법을 주로 사용하여 왔다. 하지만 이 방법에는 몇 가지 문제점들이 있다. 먼저 해양 폐기물 중에서 가연성 물질의 대부분은 고분자 화합물로서 이를 소각하기 위해서는 별도로 고안된 장치가 필요하고 배기에 의한 대기 오염의 우려가 있다. 또한 매립은 폐기물 그 자체가 자연분해가 거의 불가능하며 침출수에 의한 토양 오염이 우려된다. 따라서 최근에는 이러한 고분자 폐기물을 열분해하여 오일을 회수함으로써 자원을 재활용하고 2차 오염도 일으키지 않는 처리 방법에 대한 연구가 활발하게 수행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 고분자 해양 폐기물을 열분해하여 오일을 회수하기 위한 장치를 개발하기 위하여 폐기물의 물리적ㆍ화학적 특성 및 승온 속도 변화가 폐기물의 감량특성에 미치는 영향 등을 조사하였다. 그리고 폐기물을 승온 속도 변화에 따라 열분해하여 회수된 오일과 비응축 가스의 비율을 실험함으로써 가장 많은 오일이 회수되는 조건을 밝혀내기도 하였다. 끝으로 열분해 오일 회수 장치에 대한 경제성 논란을 검증하기 위하여 이 장치에 대한 경제성 평가를 수행함으로써 개발의 성공 여부를 확신할 수 있게 되었다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2009

수산폐기물을 방류기준에 맞추어 효과적으로 분리 처리하기 위하여, 고형물을 함유한 폐수로부터 고체와 액체를 분리해내는 전처리 공정이 필요하다. 또한, 전처리 공정효율이 극대화될수록 후속처리공정의 처리용량향상, 처리시설 규모축소, 경비절감 등의 효과도 커진다. 이를 위해 이 논문에서는 진동형 역경사식 스크린 기술을 제안하고, 최적의 고액분리를 위해 적정 진동주파수 및 기진각을 검출하였다. 진동발생기는 스크린 몸체에 대해 일정한 각도($0^{\circ}$,$30^{\circ}$,$45^{\circ}$,$90^{\circ}$)로 각각 두었으며, 진동주파수는 진동에 의한 스크린의 손상을 고려하여 35-60Hz 범위 내에서 5Hz 단위로 가변하면서 고액분리효율을 측정하였다. 스크린 경사각은 예비실험을 통해 $3^{\circ}{\sim}5^{\circ}$로 설정하고, 여과장치는 직사각형과 정사각형 2종류로 제작하였다. 실험결과 장치의 형태와 관계없이 대체적으로 $0^{\circ}$의 기진각과 60Hz의 진동주파수에서 우수한 여과효율이 나타났다. 그리고 여과 전후의 부유물질(SS)의 양을 비교하여 제안한 기술의 유효성을 검증하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.865-873
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• 2012

Clean plate education program was applied to change students' perception on food waste in the dormitory cafeteria of T campus G university that is located in Tongyeong, in which 408 students joined the program. From survey and food waste monitoring, it was found that clean plate education program was effective to change students' perception as well as action. Half students (50.5%) answered that their eating habit changed, and among them 30.1 % students left a little food on the plate and 13.1% students left no food behind. Many students become aware of the seriousness of food waste issue (84.5%), and 44.2% students were trying to reduce leftover. Food waste generation in cafeteria was 341.9, 576.1, 344.3g/capita/day in 2005, 2007 and 2008, respectively. And this shows that food waste generations were much less than national average data except 2007. Therefore we could conclude that clean plate education program was satisfactory to change students' perception on food and to change their action, and it could be an excellent new approach to resolve a social issue caused by food waste. In order to reduce food waste generation at dormitory cafeteria, food taste and diet should be improved and students' eating habits also should be changed. For this, a practical program like clean plate education should be organized.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2009년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.163-163
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• 2009

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 추계학술발표대회 및 bio-venture fair
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• pp.467-468
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• 2000

The characterization of mixed microorganisms that have activities of protein- and lipid-degradation were studied to reduce marine pollution by fish wastes and to utilize them again as feeds or fertilizers. There was no mutual inhibition among the microorganisms. The pH and temperature for the mixed culture were found to be 7 and $32^{\circ}C$, respectively. The fish waste were started to degrade after one day, and were almost degraded after 4 days without any odor.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2000

All crude oil carries a little of water, sand, and mineral sediment molecules tightly bounded with hydrocarbons. The result is the gradual precipitation of these heavier elements into thick, granular petroleum by products known as crude oil sludge. The oily sludges in ship tanks and in storage facilities have to be treated efficiently in order to keep the security and the capacity of storage facilities, to protect a serious environmental pollution, and to retrieve lost resource. The oily sludge treatment system should be designed to satisfy requirements mentioned in safe work condition. As a basic study, in this paper, an oily sludge treatment system by ultrasonic waves was proposed. Then, the features of ultrasonic energy and recovery of sludge with ultrasonic waves are investigated by experiments. As results, we found that ultrasonic waves are a new energy to flow oil sludge environment-friendly in safe work condition. In addition, it was shown that ultrasonic energy is more efficient than thermal energy in treating oil sludge, and that the volume of wastes for disposal is reduced remarkably.