• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.2525-2527
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• 2013

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.353-354
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• 2013

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.279-287
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• 2011

Transcriptional response patterns of mud loach (Misgurnus mizolepis; Cypriniformes) hepcidin, a potential ortholog to human hamp1, in response to experimental challenges with non-pathogenic and pathogenic bacterial species were analyzed based on the semi-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assay. Mud loach hepcidin transcripts were much more preferentially induced by pathogenic bacterial species (Edwardsiella tarda and Vibrio anguillarum) causing apparent pathological symptoms than by non-pathogenic species (Escherichia coli and Bacillus thuringiensis) displaying neither clinical signs nor mortality. However in overall, the induced amounts of hepcidin transcripts were positively related with the number of bacterial cells delivered in both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial species. Inducibility of hepcidin transcripts were variable among three tissues examined (liver, kidney and spleen) in which kidney and spleen were more responsive to the bacterial challenge than liver. Time course expression patterns of hepcidin mRNAs after challenge were different between groups challenged with pathogenic and non-pathogenic species, although the overall pattern of hepcidin expression was in accordance with that generally observed in battery genes appeared during early phase of inflammation. Fish challenged with E. coli (non-pathogenic) showed the significant induction of hepcidin transcripts within 24 hr post injection (hpi) but the level was rapidly declined to the basal level either at 48 or 96 hpi. On the other hand, hepcidin transcript levels in E. tarda (pathogenic)-challenged fish were continuously elevated until 48 hpi, then downregulated at 96 hpi, although the level at 96 hpi was still significantly higher than control level observed in non-challenged fish. This expression pattern was consistent in all the three tissues examined. Taken together, our data indicate that hepcidin is tightly in relation with pathological and/or inflammation status during bacterial challenge, consequently providing useful basis to extend knowledge on the host defensive roles of hepcidin under infectious conditions in bony fish.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.131-141
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• 2010

This study was conducted to examine the hematological factors in cultured olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus depending on its growth stage and season. The study also aims at developing the standard hematological indicator for growth stage and season by examining total 16 parameters including whole blood (hematocrit, red blood cell and hemoglobin), biochemical (glucose, cholesterol, total protein, AST, ALT, $Na^+,\;K^+,\;Cl^-,\;Ca^{2+},\;Mg^{2+}$ and osmolarity), and endocrine (cortisol and $T_3$) factors in plasma of cultured olive flounder. The result showed a growth stage-dependent increase of $T_3$ level in olive flounder while the level of cholesterol showed an inverse correlation to fish size. For seasonal fluctuation in cultured olive flounder of the same growth stage, the highest level of Ht and RBC was observed in autumn.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.279-288
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• 2020

Changes of gonadal morphology and mRNA expression patterns of vitellogenin were investigated in Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii (Chondrostei) during its early gonadal maturation period. Early differentiations and morphological transitions of both ovaries and testes appeared to occur actively until the age of 3 years, however from then on, the maturation patterns to full maturity were largely gender-dependent, in which males showed a faster progression of maturation than did females while females experienced a steady-state progress with a lagged interval before entering the final maturation. Expression of vitellogenin mRNAs are closely correlated with transitional patterns of gonadal appearances. In both females and males, hepatic mRNA levels of vitellogenin exponentially increased in the earliest interval (up to 1-year-old). However, in subsequent periods, vitellogenin expression in females continued to increase with age, whereas in males, the expression stabilized at a younger age. Nevertheless, at the age older than or equal to 7-year-old, fully matured individuals showed a quite low level of vitellogenin expression in both females and males. Collectively, results from this study could be useful as a fundamental guideline to address the gonad maturation of this sturgeon species, which is helpful for making practical decisions about farming practices and management for caviar production on local sturgeon farms.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2015

A 8-week trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of photoperiod manipulation on the growth performance and hematological parameters of juvenile Caspian roach, Rutilus rutilus caspicus (average weight $1.46{\pm}0.12g$ mean${\pm}$SD) reared under five photoperiods (24 h Light, 24L; 18 h Light & 6 h Dark, 18L:6D; 12 h Light & 12 h Dark, 12L:12D; 6 h Light & 18 h Dark, 6L:18D; 24 h Dark, 24D) with constant light intensity 1,500 lx on the water surface. Triplicate of 20 fish were allocated into each of 15 fiberglass tanks of 50 L capacity and they were fed three times per day with the commercial feed (SFK, Co., Sari - Iran) contains 50.0% protein and 10.5% lipid. At the end of experimental period, final body weight, weight gain and specific growth rates of fish exposed to 24L were significantly higher than those of fish exposed to 12L:12D, 6L:18D and 24D (P < 0.05). Red blood cell and hemoglobin of fish exposed to 24L were significantly higher than those of fish exposed to 24D. No significant difference observed in hematocrit, white blood cell and plasma glucose among the different treatments groups. Therefore, these results demonstrated that the growth performance of juvenile Caspian roach can be significantly stimulated by using 24L and 18L:6D photoperiods without any measurable significant stress response such as plasma glucose concentration.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2015

A 10-day trial was conducted to evaluate the salinity tolerance and hematological responses of juvenile ship sturgeon Acipenser nudiventris under different salinity levels. A total of 240 fish averaging $6.2{\pm}0.13g$ (mean${\pm}$SD) were randomly distributed into 12 tanks in groups of 20, and each tank was then randomly assigned to one of three replicates of four different salinities at 0, 4, 8 and 12‰. At the end of 10 days of experimental period, plasma protein value of fish exposed to 0‰ and 4‰ salinities was significantly higher than those of fish exposed to 8‰ and 12‰ salinities (P < 0.05). Significantly higher values for plasma cortisol and glucose were obtained in fish exposed to 12‰ salinity compared to the fish exposed to 0‰ and 4‰ salinities (P < 0.05). Plasma potassium and sodium values increased significantly by increment of salinity levels (P < 0.05). Therefore, these results indicated that in natural environments, juvenile ship sturgeon, A. nudiventris in migratory populations could be able to migrate and adjust successfully into brackish water with a salinity of up to 8‰ without any short-term hematological stress responses.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.551-558
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• 2015

This study was carried out to evaluate the dietary threonine requirement by measuring the plasma free threonine and ammonia concentrations in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss after dorsal aorta cannulation. A total of 70 fish (average initial weight $506{\pm}8.2g$) were randomly distributed into each of the 14 net cages (5 fish/cage). After 48 hours (h) of feed deprivation, each group was intubated at 1% body weight with one of the seven L-amino acid based diets containing graded levels of threonine (0.42%, 0.72%, 0.92%, 1.12%, 1.32%, 1.52%, or 1.82% of diet, dry matter basis). Blood samples were taken at 0, 5, and 24 h after intubation. Post-prandial plasma free threonine concentrations (PPthr) of fish 5 h after intubation with diets containing 1.32% or more threonine were significantly higher than those of fish intubated with diets containing 1.12% or less threonine (p<0.05). Post-absorptive free threonine concentrations (PAthr) after 24 h of intubation of the fish with diets containing 0.92% or more threonine were significantly higher than those of fish intubated with diets containing 0.72% or less threonine. Post-prandial plasma ammonia concentrations (PPA, 5 h after intubation) were not significantly different among fish intubated with diets containing 1.12% or less threonine, except the PPA of fish intubated with diet containing 0.42% threonine. Broken-line model analyses of PPthr, PAthr, and PPA indicated that the dietary threonine requirement of rainbow trout should be between 0.95% (2.71) and 1.07% (3.06) of diet (% of dietary protein on a dry matter basis).

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.95-106
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• 2018

To evaluate appropriate reference genes for the normalization of quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) data with embryonic and larval samples from Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, the expression stability of eight candidate housekeeping genes, including beta-actin (ACTB), elongation factor-1A (EF1A), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), histone 2A (H2A), ribosomal protein L5 (RPL5), ribosomal protein L7 (RPL7), succinate dehydrogenase (SDHA), and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 (UBE2A), were tested using embryonic samples from 12 developmental stages and larval samples from 11 ontogenic stages. Based on the stability rankings from three statistic software packages, geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper, the expression stability of the embryonic subset was ranked as UBE2A>H2A>SDHA>GAPDH>RPL5>EF1A>ACTB>RPL7. On the other hand, the ranking in the larval subset was determined as UBE2A>GAPDH>SDHA>RPL5>RPL7>H2A>EF1A>AC TB. When the two subsets were combined, the overall ranking was UBE2A>SDHA>H2A>RPL5>GAPDH>EF1A>ACTB>RPL7. Taken together, our data suggest that UBE2A and SDHA are recommended as suitable references for developmental and ontogenic samples of this sturgeon species, whereas traditional housekeepers such as ACTB and GAPDH may not be suitable candidates.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.474-481
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• 2010

The sperm collection time, sex steroid hormones, and gonadal development of protandrous black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli, acclimated in freshwater for more than 2 years were investigated to evaluate its reproductive capability. The gonadal development of black porgy reared in seawater and freshwater could each be classified into four successive stages. For black porgy reared in seawater (BSW) as the control, these were the growing (December to February), mature (February to March), spent (March to June), and degeneration and resting (July to December) stages; for black porgy reared in freshwater (BFW), these were the growing (November to January), mature (January to February), spent (February to May), degeneration and resting (June to November) stages. In both BSW and BFW, the plasma cortisol levels were the highest in March. The plasma testosterone (T) levels of BSW and BFW were the highest in March and February, respectively. The plasma estradiol-$17{\beta}$ ($E_2$) levels did not differ significantly between BSW and BFW. The 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) levels in the plasma of BSW and BFW were the highest in April. Sperm was collectible from March to June in BSW and from February to May in BFW. The results indicated that the gonadal maturation of BFW was about 1 month faster than that of BSW.