• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.606-619
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• 2020

This study investigated the effects of crude protein levels in diets containing monobasic potassium phosphate (MKP) on water quality and the growth of Japanese eels Anguilla japonica and leafy vegetables in a Hybrid BFT-Aquaponics (HBFT-AP) system. The first experiment (EXP1) was designed to verify the effects of the feed itself on leafy vegetable productivity using two diets (CP48 and CP30) with MKP and one commercial eel diet (COM58). The second experiment (EXP2) examined the effects of the three diets on productivity of the fish and leafy vegetables in the HBFT-AP for 6 weeks. After the 6 week feeding trial, the weight gain, feed efficiency, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed COM58 and CP48 were higher than those of fish fed CP30 (P<0.05) and the growth of the four leafy vegetables was the highest with fish fed CP48. Water quality was measured six times per week using a portable water quality meter and reagent measurements and showed variance with time for TAN (0.01-0.09 mg/L), NO₂-N (0.010-0.064 mg/L), NO₃-N (5.52-27.15 mg/L), PO₄-P (2.03-5.32 mg/L) and pH (7.86-6.15).

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.201-210
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• 2009

2007년 3월부터 2008년 2월까지 약 12개월에 걸쳐서 우리나라 동, 서, 남해 연안 지역에서 총 11목 44종 989마리 자연산 해산어류를 대상으로 아니사키스형 유충의 기생상황을 조사하였다. 유충의 감염률은 44종 중 28종에서, 전체 989마리 중 377마리에서 검출되어 평균 38%의 감염률을 보였다. 적출된 유충의 대부분은 형태학적 조사 및 유전학적 조사를 통하여 A. simplex type I 유충으로 동정하였다. 일반적으로 가을 겨울철보다 봄 여름철에 감염률이 높았으며, 같은 어종이라도 크기가 큰 개체에서 감염률이 높게 나타났다. 병리조직학적 검사를 통하여 유충의 기생 부위는 어종에 따라서 다르나 대체로 배설강 주변부를 비롯하여 장간막, 간, 복강지방 등 이였으며, 한두 마리씩 산재해 있는 것과 여러 마리가 함께 모여 있는 것, 피낭에 뭉쳐 있는 것 등 다양하게 나타났다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.1014-1032
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• 2020

This work aimed to investigate the psychobiotic effects of six bacterial strains on the mind and behavior of male Wistar rats. The probiotic (PRO) group (n=7) were rats pre-treated with antibiotics for 7 days followed by 14-day probiotic administration, antibiotics (ANT) group (n=7) were rats treated with antibiotics for 21 days without probiotics. The control (CON) group (n=7) were rats that received sham treatment for 21 days. The six bacterial strains with probiotic properties were mostly isolated from Thai fermented foods; Pedicoccus pentosaceus WS11, Lactobacillus plantarum SK321, L. fermentum SK324, L. brevis TRBC 3003, Bifidobacterium adolescentis TBRC 7154 and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis TBRC 375. The probiotics were freeze-dried into powder (6×10⁹ CFU/5 g) and administered to the PRO group via oral gavage. Behavioral tests were performed. The PRO group displayed significantly reduced anxiety level and increased locomotor function using a marble burying test and open field test, respectively and significantly improved short-term memory performance using a novel object recognition test. Antibiotics significantly reduced microbial counts in rat feces in the ANT group by 100 fold compared to the PRO group. Probiotics significantly enhanced antioxidant enzymatic and non-enzymatic defenses in rat brains as assessed using catalase activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, respectively. Probiotics also showed neuroprotective effects with less pyknotic cells and lower frequency of vacuolization in cerebral cortex. This multi-strain probiotic formulation from Thai fermented foods may offer a potential to develop psychobiotic-rich functional foods to modulate human mind and behaviors.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.308-313
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• 2015

A $3{\times}3$ factorial study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on the growth, feed utilization and innate immunity of red seabream Pagrus major. Nine diets consisting of three protein levels (42%, 46% and 50% crude protein) and three lipid levels (10%, 14% and 18% crude lipid) were formulated. Triplicate groups of red seabream were fed the experimental diets to apparent satiation (5-6 times a day, from 08:00 to 18:00 h at 2-h intervals) for 10 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, the weight gain and specific growth rate of fish fed P46L14 (46% protein and 14% lipid), P50L10 (50% protein and 10% lipid) and P50L14 (50% protein and 14% lipid) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of fish fed P42L18 (42% protein and 18% lipid). The feed conversion ratios (FCR) of the fish were affected by dietary lipid levels (P<0.039), but not dietary protein levels. The FCR tended to increase with increasing dietary lipid levels from 10% to 18% with the 46% and 50% protein levels. The weight gain, protein efficiency ratio, specific growth rate, feed intake and survival of fish were not affected by either dietary protein or lipid levels. Myeloperoxidase activity in the group fed P50L14 (50% protein and 14% lipid) was significantly higher than that in the group fed P42L10 (42% protein and 10% lipid) or P50L18 (50% protein and 18% lipid). However, the myeloperoxidase activity of fish was not affected by either dietary protein or lipid level. The fish fed P46L14 (46% protein and 14% lipid) and P46L18 (46% protein and 18% lipid) showed significantly higher superoxide dismutase activity than did the fish fed P46L10 (46% protein and 10% lipid), P50L10 (50% protein and 10% lipid) of P50L18 (50% protein and 18% lipid). In conclusion, the optimum protein and lipid levels for the growth and feed utilization of juvenile red seabream were 46% and 14%, respectively, and the optimum dietary protein to energy ratio was 27.4 g/MJ.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1659-1669
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• 2020

1,3-α-3,6-anhydro-L-galactosidase (α-neoagarooligosaccharide hydrolase) catalyzes the last step of agar degradation by hydrolyzing neoagarobiose into monomers, D-galactose, and 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose, which is important for the bioindustrial application of algal biomass. Ahg943, from the agarolytic marine bacterium Gayadomonas joobiniege G7, is composed of 423 amino acids (47.96 kDa), including a 22-amino acid signal peptide. It was found to have 67% identity with the α-neoagarooligosaccharide hydrolase ZgAhgA, from Zobellia galactanivorans, but low identity (< 40%) with the other α-neoagarooligosaccharide hydrolases reported. The recombinant Ahg943 (rAhg943, 47.89 kDa), purified from Escherichia coli, was estimated to be a monomer upon gel filtration chromatography, making it quite distinct from other α-neoagarooligosaccharide hydrolases. The rAhg943 hydrolyzed neoagarobiose, neoagarotetraose, and neoagarohexaose into D-galactose, neoagarotriose, and neoagaropentaose, respectively, with a common product, 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose, indicating that it is an exo-acting α-neoagarooligosaccharide hydrolase that releases 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose by hydrolyzing α-1,3 glycosidic bonds from the nonreducing ends of neoagarooligosaccharides. The optimum pH and temperature of Ahg943 activity were 6.0 and 20℃, respectively. In particular, rAhg943 could maintain enzyme activity at 10℃ (71% of the maximum). Complete inhibition of rAhg943 activity by 0.5 mM EDTA was restored and even, remarkably, enhanced by Ca²⁺ ions. rAhg943 activity was at maximum at 0.5 M NaCl and maintained above 73% of the maximum at 3M NaCl. K_m and V_max of rAhg943 toward neoagarobiose were 9.7 mg/ml and 250 μM/min (3 U/mg), respectively. Therefore, Ahg943 is a unique α-neoagarooligosaccharide hydrolase that has cold- and high-salt-adapted features, and possibly exists as a monomer.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.613-626
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• 2014

독도 해역의 해조류는 2013년 5월과 7월에 14개 정점에서 정성채집 하였으며, 대황의 생태학적 역할을 확인하기 위하여 7월과 11월에 23개체를 채집하여 부착기에 서식하는 해조류와 동물을 동정하였다. 대황의 줄기길이와 무게의 회귀식으로 생물량을 측정하였다. 해조류는 녹조류 18종, 갈조류 35종과 홍조류 75종을 포함하여 총 128종이 관찰되었으며, 성긴분기형이 47.66%로 가장 우점하였고 안정된 환경에 서식하는 ESG I그룹에 속하는 종이 91종(71.09%)이었다. 또한, R/P, C/P, (R+C)/P는 2.14, 0.51과 2.66으로 온대성과 혼합성 해조상을 보였다. 대황의 생물량은 $23.74kg\;m^{-2}$이고 밀도는 64 fronds $m^{-2}$로 확인되었다. 한편, 대황의 부착기에서 해조류 12종과 동물 83종(환형 15종, 연체 25종, 절지 34종, 극피 3종, 기타 6종)의 1,248개체가 동정되어 생태학적으로 매우 중요한 핵심종으로 확인되었으며, 넓은마디육질꼬리옆새우붙이가 538개체(43.11%)로 가장 우점하였다. 본 연구 결과 독도의 해조류 출현종수는 이전 연구에 비해 증가하였고 성긴분기형과 ESG I 해조류가 우점하는 것으로 나타나 현재까지 독도 연안의 환경은 매우 안정된 상태라고 판단된다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.373-379
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• 2013

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) developed into sperms through spermatogenesis have been utilized as a useful tool in the field of regenerative medicine and infertility. However, a small number of highly qualified SSCs are resided in the seminiferous tubule of testis, resulted in developing effective in-vitro culture system of SSCs for solving simultaneously quantitative and qualitative problems. Presently, SSCs can be enriched on testicular stromal cells (TSCs), but there are no systematic researches about TSC culture. Therefore, we tried to optimize culture condition of TSCs derived from mouse with different strains. For these, proliferation and viability were measured and compared by culturing ICR outbred or DBA/2 inbred mouse-derived TSCs at 35 or $37^{\circ}C$. In case of ICR strain, primary TSCs cultured at $37^{\circ}C$ showed significantly higher proliferation and viability than those at $35^{\circ}C$ and significant increase of proliferation and viability in sub-passaged TSCs was detected in the $35^{\circ}C$ culture condition. Moreover, sub-passage of primary TSCs at $35^{\circ}C$ induced no significant effects on proliferation and viability. In contrast, in case of DBA/2 strain, significantly improved proliferation were detected in the primary TSCs cultured at $35^{\circ}C$, which showed no significant difference in the viability, compared to those at $37^{\circ}C$. Furthermore, sub-passaged TSCs cultured at $37^{\circ}C$ showed no significant differences in proliferation and viability, compared to those at $35^{\circ}C$. However, with significant decrease of proliferation induced by sub-passage of primary TSCs at $35^{\circ}C$, no significant effects on proliferation and viability were resulted from sub-passage of primary TSCs at $37^{\circ}C$. From these results, culture temperature of primary TSCs derived from outbred and inbred strain of mouse could be separately optimized in primary culture and subculture.

• 산업식품공학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.182-187
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• 2011

김치 및 젓갈 등의 150여 전통 발효 식품을 시료로 하여 protease 활성을 갖는 유산균을 분리한 결과, 24 U/mgcrude protein의 높은 활성을 갖는 젖산균 BV-26 균주을 분리하였다. API 50CHL kit를 이용하여 BV-26 균주의 당 이용성을 분석하고 16S rRNA 염기서열(99.9% 상동성)을 비교한 결과, 분리된 균주를 L. plantarum BV-26으로 표기 하였다. L. plantarum BV-26의 생장과 protease 활성 변화를 MRS 배지를 이용하여 측정한 결과, L. plantarum BV-26의 생장은 배양 6시간 이후 활발하게 진행되어 18시간에 최고의 균체 농도를 보였으며, protease 활성은 배양 후 12시간부터 생성되기 시작하여 16시간에서 최고의 활성을 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 분리된 L. plantarum BV-26을 동물사료의 발효용 스타터로 이용할 경우 유산균이 갖는 유익한 장점 및 안전성을 확보할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 특히 대두박의 발효시 사료의 영양적 가치를 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.629-641
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• 2023

Objective: This study investigated the effects of extruded flaxseed with and without herbs mixture on egg performance, yolk fatty acids (FAs), lipid components, blood biochemistry, serological enzymes, antioxidants, and immune system of Hy-Line W-36 hens for nine weeks. Methods: Two hundred forty laying hens were randomly distributed to eight treatments, resulting in six replicates with five hens. Graded levels of dietary extruded flaxseed (0, 90, 180, and 270 g/kg) with and without herbs mixture (24 g/kg: garlic, ginger, green tea, and turmeric 6 g/kg each) were designed as treatments. Results: The two-way analysis of variance indicated that hens fed herbs mixture had a higher value of egg production, yolk high-density lipoprotein (HDL), superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and white blood cell and lower contents of yolk cholesterol, glucose, and blood low-density lipoprotein than those fed diets without herb mixtures (p<0.05). The Flx27 (270 g/kg flaxseed) (153.5 g/kg n-3 FAs) and Flx27+H (270 g/kg flaxseed plus 24 g/kg herbs mixture) (150.5 g/kg n-3 FAs) groups were the most promising treatments in terms of yolk n-3 FAs content. In-teraction effect (herbs- flaxseed) for blood cholesterol, HDL, malondialdehyde, glutaredoxin, alanine transaminase, (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), haemoglobin and immune parameters was significant (p<0.05). The results showed layers fed herbs mixture (Flx9+H, Flx18+H, and Flx27+H) had a better value of total antibody, immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin G, ALT, AST, and blood HDL as compared with representative flaxseed levels without herbs. Conclusion: High inclusion levels of extruded flaxseed (270 g/kg) without herbs to enrich eggs with n-3 appears to impair the antioxidant system, immunohematological parameters, and sero-logical enzymes. Interestingly, the herbs mixture supplementation corrected those effects. Therefore, feeding layers with flaxseed-rich diets (270 g/kg) and herbs mixture can be a promising strategy to enrich eggs with n-3 FAs.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2008

양식 대상 종들에 있어 성장형질에 대한 개량은 선발 육종을 통하여 이루어져 왔다. 북방전복과 둥근전복은 아시아에서는 매우 중요한 전복종이 지만 그동안 이들에 대한 선발 육종연구는 활발하지 못하였으나, 최근 들어 이들 전복에 대한 선발 육종연구가 신중히 수행되고 있다. 본 연구는 12개월 령의 북방전복과 둥근전복에 대한 다형질 개체모형을 이용하여 유전력, 유전상관 및 표형형상관 등 유전모수 추정을 목적으로 수행되었다. 실험에 사용한 한국산 북방전복과 둥근전복은 동해안, 남해안, 서해안 및 제주연안의 전국 11개소로부터 자연산과 양식산으로 구분하여 수집한 후, DNA 분석에 의한 원거리 유연관계를 기초로 F1세대의 전형매 혹은 반형매군을 각각 생산하고 1년간 사육을 실시하였다. 이중 임의로 추출한 북방전복 26가계(1,509 마리), 둥근전복 6가계(297 마리)에 대해 각장(mm), 각폭(mm) 및 중량(g)에 대해 개체별 측정하고, 유전모수 추정은 성장관련형질인 각장, 각폭, 중량, 체형 및 비만도에 대해 각각 실시하였다. 개체의 성장형질에 영향을 미치는 환경효과분석을 위해 animal model에 의한 선형모형을 이용하여 SAS 통계 프로그램 package(ver. 9.1)로 통계분석을 실시하였다. 또한 유전모수 추정을 위해서는 EL-REML(restricted maximum likelihood) method를 전산 프로그램화한 REMLF90(Misztal, 2001)을 이용하여 다형질 혼합모형으로 유전모수 추정을 실시하였다. 분석모형에서 교배 sire와 dam의 자연산 혹은 양식산에 의한 교배타입을 고정효과로 하였다. 분석결과 12개월 령에서의 성장관련 형질은 북방전복에서 평균$\pm$표준편차가 각장 $29.86{\pm}5.89$ mm, 각폭 $20.70{\pm}4.09$ mm 및 중량 $3.47{\pm}2.05$ g, 둥근전복은 각장 $31.80{\pm}6.15$ mm, 각폭 $21.97{\pm}4.13$ mm 및 중량 $4.23{\pm}2.42$ g으로 각각 성장하였다. 12개월 령 북방전복의 유전율은 각장, 각폭, 중량, 체형 및 비만도에서 각각 0.43, 0.43, 0.40, 0.19, 0.09로 추정되었다. 12개월 령 둥근전복의 각장, 각폭, 중량, 체형 및 비만도에 대한 유전율은 각각 0.33, 0.26, 0.51, 0.23, 0.10으로 추정되었다. 이러한 결과로 보아, 북방전복과 둥근전복 모두 각장, 각폭 및 중량에서 중고도의 유전율이 추정되어 높은 육종효과가 기대된다. 한편 북방전복과 둥근전복의 성장관련형질에 대한 유전상관은 각장과 각폭, 각장과 중량 및 각폭과 중량 간에 각각 0.92-0.97, 0.96-0.99로 추정되어 두 종 모두에서 형질들 간의 높은 유전상관을 나타내었으며, 이들 성장관련 형질 중 어느 것을 기준으로 선발을 실시하여도 다른 관련형질에 대한 높은 개량효과가 추정되어졌다.