• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.298-303
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• 2011

A large number of edible seaweeds are consumed by the coastal peoples of Asia. Some of them are used in traditional remedies in many parts of the world. In this study we investigated effects of supplementation with ethyl acetate extracts of the brown alga Eisenia bicyclis (EBE) on rat macrophage to evaluate the possibilities as immune-modulators. Twelve male SD rats were divided into two groups and the treatments were as follows: A, no Eisenia bicyclis extract (EBE) intake and distilled water ; B, oral supplemented with EBE 200 mg/kg. After 5 weeks of supplementation, rats were sacrificed to assess the effect on peritoneal macrophage functions. We showed no increasing effects on tumoricidal activity, phagocytic activity and NO production in macrophages in EBE supplementation group. However, EBE supplementation suppressed NO-iNOS production and p65 translocation into the nucleus in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Overall, these results suggest that the supplementation of EBE might have an anti-inflammatory effects on NO-iNOS production in macrophages throughout the inhibition of NF-${\kappa}B$ activation.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.157-164
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• 2010

A marine alga, Spirulina maxima, was extracted under high pressure and low temperature conditions at 500 MPa and $60^{\circ}C$ for 5 and 10 min. A high pressure of 500 MPa was applied to improve process yields because of low temperature extraction. This method resulted in highest higher extraction yield of 26.1% (w/w) in comparison to those results obtained from conventional extraction methods which produced a yield of 17.6% (w/w) from water. The extracts from this process also showed 19% of low cytotoxicity against human normal fibroblast cells in adding 1.0 mg/ml of the highest concentration. The crude extract significantly reduced the production of Prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) from CCD-986sk cells and increased nitric oxide production by macrophages. These higher activities of enhancing skin immune functions were found to have high antioxidant extract properties, like a 98% increase in DPPH radical scavenging activity. The extracts from the high pressure process showed a higher elution of active components than other processes and generated new compounds based on HPLC analysis. This clearly indicates that the extracts from high pressure and low temperature conditions have higher skin immune activation properties that have not been previously reported.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.126-135
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• 2006

Phloroglucinol 단위체로 구성된 Oligomeric polyphenol인 Phlorotannins을 갈조류의 일종인 감태(Ecklonia cava)의 메탄올 추출물의 용매 분획으로부터 분리하였다. 산화스트레스에 대한 감태추출물의 용매분획으로부터 Phlorotannins의 억제효능을 주름형성과 연관성이 있는 사람피부섬유아세포(HDFs)에서 조사되었다. ESR spectroscopy 분석에서, 감태의 에틸아세테이트 분획으로 부터의 Phlorotannins에서 DPPH radical, Hydroxyl radical 및 Alkyl radical에 대하여 가장 높은 소거효능이 나타났다. 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA)와 Diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine (DPPP)을 이용하여 세포내에서 활성산소종 및 지질과산화 수준을 측정하였다. 감태의 다른 용매 분획과 비교하여 에틸아세테이트 용매분획으로 부터의 Pphlorotannins의 존재에서 이들수준이 유의성 있게 감소되었다 (P < 0.01). 더욱이, Phlorotannins은 세포내의 Glutathione (GSH) 함량도 시간에 따라 증가시켰다. 그러므로, 이러한 결과들은 감태의 Phlorotannins이 산화적 스트레스와 연관성이 있는 주름형성 같은 여러가지 질환의 예방 및 치료에 잠재적인 효능이 있다는 것을 암시하고 있다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.691-700
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• 2023

This study examined the seasonal variations of subtidal marine algal community structures along four sites in Jejudo Island, Korea, from February 2016 to November 2018. A total of 147 marine algal species were identified, including 13 green (8.84%), 26 brown (17.69%), and 108 red algae (73.47%). During the study period, the number of species was highest in Sagye (116 species) followed by numbers in Sinheung (98 species), Bukchon (90 species) and Sinchang (73 species). Ecklonia cava, Peyssonnelia caulifera, Synarthrophyton chejuense, Corallina aberrans and Corallina crassisima occurred at all study sites and in all seasons. The average annual biomass of marine algal flora was 746.29±88.85 g wet wt./m² and ranged from 652.25 g/m² at Sinheung to 979.91 g/m² at Sagye. The brown alga E. cava was the most dominant species, occupying 42.85% (319.80 g/m²) of the total seaweed biomass. Subdominant species were C. crassissima and Undaria pinnatifida, comprising 10.22% (76.29 g/m²) and 9.66% (72.13 g/m²), respectively. A similarity analysis showed that there were regional differences in the algal communities, with three distinct groups.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1159-1163
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• 2005

The production of hydrogen by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii UTEX 90, a marine green alga, was performed under dark fermentation. The effects of initial nitrogen and phosphorus concentration on the cell growth and the production of hydrogen and organic substances were investigated. In the growth stage, the maximum dry cell weight (DCW) was 3 g/l when the initial ammonium concentration was 15 mM. In the dark fermentation, the maximum hydrogen production was $3.5\;{\mu}mol/\;mg$ DCW when the initial nitrogen concentration was 7.5 mM. The nitrogen concentration had a greater effect on organic compound and hydrogen production than the phosphorus concentration during the dark fermentation. An investigation of the duration of dark fermentation showed that, at least until three days, dark fermentation should be prolonged for maximum hydrogen production.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2017

During the search for anticholinesterase compounds from marine organisms, we were able to isolate 6,6'-bieckol from a red alga, Grateloupia elliptica. This compound showed moderate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity in a micromole range ($IC_{50}$ $44.5{\mu}M$). However, for butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), a new target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), it showed particularly potent inhibitory activity ($IC_{50}$ $27.4{\mu}M$), which is more potent compared to AChE. It also inhibits BACE-1, a new target for reducing the generation of ${\beta}-amyloid$.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2005

Cell growth of the marine microalga Tetraselmis suecica was regulated by the addition of seaweed extracts in its culture medium. Of 26 species of seaweed tested, water-soluble extracts from Monostroma nitidum and Pachymeniopsis elliptica and methanol-soluble extract from Sargassum confilsum enhanced the growth of T suecica cells. The water extract of M. nitidum was the most effective, producing up to a 2-fold increase in cell density with the addition of 1 mg/mL of extract to the culture medium. Cell size, gross biochemical composition, fatty acids, and digestion efficiency all differed marginally between cultures of T suecica grown with and without the M. nitidum extract.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

The development of environmentally nontoxic or non-polluting antifouling additives that can be formulated in practical coating requires assay involving target organisms. Described here are the simple laboratory assays that have been developed using the barnacle, Balanus amphitrite, a common fouling organism found throughout temperate and tropical seas. One of the assays depends on synchronous year-round mass culture, the procedure for which is described, of nauplii larvae and cyprids larvae. The laboratory assays provided quantitative estimates of toxicity and settlement inhibition of the test compounds. Laurinterol (1), isolaurinterol (2), alpysinal (3), and aplysin (4) have been isolated from the Korean red alga Laurencia okamurae. Their structures were identified by spectral data in comparison with the literature data. Compounds 1-4 inhibited larval settlement of the barnacle B. amphitrite with EC$_{50}$ values of 0.18- 36 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. Com-pounds 2-4 showed larval toxicity against nauplii of the barnacle B. amphitrite with 5-10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, while laurinterol (1) exhibited no toxicity at even 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. Therefore, laurinterol was expected as a promising natural antifoulant.t.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.531-536
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• 1999

As an attempt to preserve resources in marine biological organisms, we first constructed a cDNA library from the red alga Porphyra yezoensis. The library construction method from P. yezoensis consists of three steps; those include protoplast presparation, RNA isolation, and phage library construction. Protoplast was prepared in order to remove much of the carbohydrate compounds which are characteristics of algal cell walls. Carbohydrate contamination in the purified RNA may inhibit further enzyme reactions, those carbohydrates should be removed. RNA samples prepared from protoplast still seemed to contain residual amount of carbohydrate because mRNA isolation with conventional method failed. We therefore developed a method with Poly ATtract mRNA isolation system. The constructed phage library was tested by analyzing cDNA insert in phage vector from randomly picked ten independent white plagues. All of the phages contained cDNA inserts with sizes ranging 0.5kb and 2.0kb.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.135-139
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• 2006

We optimized the biological and physical parameters for DNA delivery into thalli of the red alga Porphyra yezoensis using a particle bombardment device. The efficiency of transformation was determined using the ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ (GUS) assay. The optimal helium pressure, distance of tungsten particle flight, and ratio of DNA to tungsten particles were $23kgf/cm^2$, 8 cm, and $5{\mu}g/mg$ tungsten, respectively. During bombardment, osmotic treatment with a mixture of 0.6 M mannitol and sorbitol increased the efficiency of GUS transformation. After 2 days, the blue color indicating GUS activity was observed using a histochemical assay.