• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.578-585
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• 2020

A new free-living marine nematode species of the genus Belbolla Andrássy, 1973 belonging to the family Enchelidiidae is described based on specimens collected from the sediment of a subtidal benthic environmental habitat in the East Sea, Korea. Belbolla wonkimi sp. nov. differs from its congeners by the combination of the following characteristics: a relatively long body (3263-3396 ㎛), the absence of ocelli, nine oesophageal bulbs in the posterior pharynx, well-developed two winged precloacal supplements, longer spicule length(115-130㎛, 1.6-1.8 anal body diameter long), and a triangle-shaped shorter gubernacular apophysis (17-18 ㎛). Comparative tables on the biogeographical and morphological characteristics of Belbolla species are presented. A DIC (differential interference contrast) photomicrograph of the new species is also provided. This is the first taxonomic report on the genus Belbolla from Korean waters.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.536-546
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• 2016

Using the inter-industry tables over the period 2010-2013 published by the Bank of Korea, this paper attempts to uncover the national economic role of the marine environmental industries through the estimation of their market size and value-added, and to analyze their economic effects through inter-industry analysis. The results show that the market size of the marine environmental industries has increased from 1.34 trillion won in 2010 to 1.97 trillion won in 2013 and their share in total national output went up from 0.04 % in 2010 to 0.05 % in 2013. Moreover, the value-added of the marine environmental industries, 618.5 billion won in 2010, amounted to 841.5 billion won in 2013 and their proportion in total national value-added has grown from 0.05 % in 2010 to 0.06 % in 2013. Three findings emerge to be used demand-driven model from the inter-industry analysis. First, the production-inducing effect of 1.0 won production or investment in the marine environmental industries has decreased from 1.8845 won in 2010 to 1.8115 won in 2013. Second, the value-added creation effect of that has declined from 0.7680 won in 2010 to 0.7063 in 2013. Third, the employment-inducing effect of 1.0 billion won production or investment in the marine environmental industries has went down from 10.17 people in 2010 to 9.18 people in 2013. In short, the market size and value-added of the marine environmental industries show an increasing trend, but their economic effects reveal a diminishing trend.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.830-833
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• 2005

The diversification of the regulating system was promoted with the development of the computer technology. On the other hand, environmental problems and the energy conservation problem are being valued as for needs of the society. Our research was able to be achieved in such a situation.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.665-685
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• 2021

This study focused on the a 20-year evaluation of the dynamism of critical thermal anomalies in Busan metropolitan area prompted by unusual infrastructural development and demographic growth rate. Archived Landsat thermal data derived-LST was the major input for UTFVI and hot spot analysis (Getis-Ord Gi^*). Results revealed that the surface urban heat island-affected area has gradually expanded overtime from 23.32% to 32.36%; while the critical positive thermal anomalies (level-3 hotspots) have also spatially increased from 19.88% in 2000 to 23.56% in 2020, recording a net LST difference of > 5℃ between the maximum level-3 hotspot and minimum level-3 coldspot each year. It is been observed that thermal conditions of Busan have gradually deteriorated with time, which is potentially inherent in the rate of urban expansion. Thus, this work serves as an eye-opener to powers that be, to think and act constructively towards a sustainable thermal conform for city dwellers.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.11
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• pp.4077-4082
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• 2023

Large areas must be rapidly screened to monitor radiation in marine environments. For this purpose, this study developed a mobile real-time gamma-ray measurement system for shipboard use and evaluated its performance. The system was developed to measure engine or generator cooling water by installing a canister inside the ship. The minimum detectable activity of the system is about 0.8 Bq/L for a 60 s measurement period, and real-time data transmission and remote control are possible. The system was tested in the field and is currently being installed and operated on ships in service. Such a ship-based real-time gamma-radiation measurement system is suitable for a wide range of marine radiation surveillance applications and is expected to be rapidly deployed.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.249-260
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• 2022

This mini review examines the habitat connectivity and effectiveness of Korean Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the Yellow Sea Large Marine Ecosystem (YSLME) region. We first reemphasize that the Korean region of the YSLME is a single ecosystem (ecoregion) given the biophysical distribution patterns. The MPAs within the YSLME contribute about 50% to the total MPAs in Korea, accounting for about 10% of the territorial sea waters of Korea and 20% of the waters of YSLME on the Korean side. By area, national parks account for nearly 45% of the MPAs, followed by the wetland protected areas at 25%, with other types of MPA comprising the remaining 30%. Large MPA (> 100 km²) is the dominant type of MPA, accounting for 90% of the total area. We find that MPAs in the region are connected physically and perhaps also genetically. However, the level of protection was found to be low, and a no-take zone is rarely implemented. In addition, interrupted freshwater discharge caused by river-mouth dams poses a major hindrance to the physical connectivity of the MPAs. Restoration of the river-mouth dams and strengthened regulation on MPAs, with further expansion of MPAs in line with the current development of post-2020 global biodiversity frameworks, should be priorities for better management of marine resources. The newly revised law incorporating the concept of "Marine Ecosystem Axis Management" would reinforce the processes, and their effectiveness together with overall management of MPAs in Korea should be evaluated by designing appropriate measurement tools.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.287-290
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• 2006

Eye growth and lens diameter of brown croaker Miichthys miiuy were positively allometric between hatching and 180 days post-hatch (d.p.h.). Eye growth in relation to head length and head height was nearly isometric. Eyes were formed completely at 14 d.p.h. At this age, the eye has a crystalline lens, an optic nerve fiber layer, a ganglion cell layer, an inner plexiform layer, an inner nuclear layer, an outer plexiform layer, an outer nuclear layer, an outer limiting membrane, and a pigment epithelium. The essential demands that must be met by the retina in this species pertain to light sensitivity and spatial resolution.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2021

Studies on marine zooplankton diversity and ecology are important for understanding marine ecosystem, as well as environmental conservation and fisheries management. DNA metabarcoding is known as a useful tool to reveal and understand diversity among animals, but a comparative evaluation with classical microscopy is still required in order to properly use it for marine zooplankton research. This study compared crustacean mesozooplankton taxa revealed by morphological analysis and metabarcoding of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI). A total of 17 crustacean species were identified by morphological analysis, and 18 species by metabarcoding. Copepods made up the highest proportion of taxa, accounting for more than 50% of the total number of species delineated by both methods. Cladocerans were not found by morphological analysis, whereas amphipods and mysids were not detected by metabarcoding. Unlike morphological analysis, metabarcoding was able to identify decapods down to the species level. There were some discrepancies in copepod species, which could be due to a lack of genetic database, or biases during DNA extraction, amplification, pooling and bioinformatics. Morphological analysis will be useful for ecological studies as it can classify and quantify the life history stages of marine zooplankton that metabarcoding cannot detect. Metabarcoding can be a powerful tool for determining marine zooplankton diversity, if its methods or database are further supplemented.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.781-791
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• 2022

In order to investigate the characteristics of the effects of various emission sources such as ships around the Busan North Port area, PM_2.5 samples were analyzed by SEM/EDS (scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer). In the port city Busan, the main emission source of PM_2.5 is ships, and soot was observed as the main exhaust particles of a ship diesel engine. As a result of the individual particle analysis of PM_2.5 at the sampling site, carbonaceous particles such as soot and water droplet-shaped, which are considered to be exhausted from ships, were constantly observed. And some spherical Fe-rich particles also appeared.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.845-861
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• 2021

This study investigated the variations in monthly PM_2.5 concentrations and their characteristics at the sampling site (35.075°N, 129.080°E) around the Busan seaport area for six months (from August 2020 to January 2021). Monthly PM_2.5 concentrations in the filtered samples ranged from 8.4 to 42.3 ㎍/m³ (average=19.6±8.2 ㎍/m³, n=50) and were generally high in August, December, and January, and low in September, October, and November. The variations of monthly PM_2.5 concentrations showed similar patterns to those of the neighboring national air quality monitoring sites. The contents of Total Carbon (TC), Organic Carbon (OC), Elemental Carbon (EC), and OC/EC ratios in PM_2.5 showed large variability during the study period. The OC/EC ratios ranged from 4.2 to 34.4, suggesting that the relative contributions of OC and EC to the PM_2.5 concentrations changed temporally and might be related to their formation sources. Variations in the chemical components of and particle size distributions in PM_2.5 showed that high PM_2.5 concentrations were affected by various sources, such as sea salt and ship emission. The precursor gas concentrations were discussed in terms of monthly variations and their contributions to PM_2.5 concentrations. However, further research is needed to understand the characteristics and behaviors of PM_2.5 concentrations around the Busan seaport area.