• Exercise Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2017

PURPOSE: To examine the cumulative (7 days) effect of breaking up prolonged sitting on systemic endothelial function in sedentary men. METHODS: Thirty sedentary men ($33.93{\pm}5.72years$) participated in two randomized 7 days sitting trial (Sit group (control) vs. Breaks group). The protocol of Breaks group is as follows: 4-minute of moderate-intensity marching in place (walking) every 1 hour during business hour (total: 8 breaks/day). Assessment of brachial artery endothelial function using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and arterial stiffness indices (augmentation index, arterial pressure and pulse wave velocity) were measured before and after 7 days treatment. RESULTS: Brachial artery FMD significantly increased after 7 days breaking up prolonged sitting treatment (Breaks groups, $9.65{\pm}2.61$ to $9.62{\pm}2.6%$) compared with 7 days prolonged sitting (Sit group, $8.37{\pm}3.41$ to $10.11{\pm}3.75%$) (interaction effect, p=.004). Arterial pressure (AP) significantly increased after treatment (Breaks group, $2.75{\pm}2.19$ to $2.38{\pm}1.63mmHg$, p=.002) in Sit group but there was no change (Sit group, $1.00{\pm}3.18$ to $2.50{\pm}9.23mmHg$) in Breaks groups (interaction effect, p=.008). CONCLUSIONS: These finding show that 7 days regular breaking up prolonged sitting improve in FMD, compared with prolonged sitting. Therefore, regular breaking up prolonged sitting may improve systemic endothelial function in sedentary men.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.821-828
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• 2003

The virtual angioscopy was implemented using MR angiography image of carotid artery Inside of the carotid artery is one of the body region not accessible by real optical endoscopy but can be visualized with virtual endoscopy. In order to determine the navigation path, we segmented the common carotid artery and internal carotid artery from the MR angiography image. We used the coordinates as a navigation path for virtual camera that were calculated from medial axis transformation. We used the perspective projection and marching cube algorithm to render the surface from volumetric MRA image data. A stroke occurs when brain cells die because of decreased blood flow to the brain. The carotid artery is the primary blood vessel that supplies the blood flow to the brain. Therefore, the carotid artery stenosis is the primary reason of stroke. The virtual angioscopy is highly recommended as a diagnosis tool with which the specific Place of stenosis can be identified and the degree of stenosis can be measured qualitatively. Also, the virtual angioscopy can be used as an education and training tool for endoscopist and radiologist.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.10B no.5
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• pp.509-514
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• 2003

The virtual bronchoscopy was implemented using chest CT images to visualize inside of tracheo-bronchial wall. The optical endoscopy procedures are invasive, uncomfortable for patients and sedation or anesthesia may be required. Also, they have serious side effects such as perforation, infection and hemorrhage. In order to determine the navigation path, we segmented the tracheo-bronchial wall from the chest CT image. We used the coordinates as a navigation path for virtual camera that were calculated from medial axis transformation. We used the perspective projection and marching cube algorithm to render the surface from volumetric CT image data. The tracheobronchial disease was classified into tracheobronchial stenosis causing from inflammation or lung cancer, bronchiectasis and bronchial cancer. The virtual bronchoscopy is highly recommended as a diagnosis tool with which the specific place of tracheobronchial disease can be identified and the degree of tracheobronchial disease can be measured qualitatively, Also, the virtual bronchoscopy can be used as an education and training tool for endoscopist and radiologist.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.382-394
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• 1988

Dynamic characteristics of thermally-forced stratification process in a square enclosure with a linear temperature profile at the side walls have been investigated through flow visualization experiment and numerical analysis. The experiment was performed on air with the Rayleigh numbers of order $10^5$. A particle tracer method is used for the flow visualization and to obtain a sudden linear temperature profile at the side walls copper blocks which already have a linear temperature profile are come into contact with the thin copper plates of the test section. Immediately a meridional circulation is developed and heat transfer takes place from the wall to the interior region by circulation of fluid and finally a thermal stratification is achieved. In the numerical study, QUICK scheme for convective terms, SIMPLE algorithm for pressure correction, and the implicit method for the time marching are adopted for the integration of conservation equations. Comparison of flow visualization and numerical results shows that the developing flow patterns are very similar in dynamic nature even though there is a time lag due to the inevitable time delay in setting up a linear temperature profile. For high Rayleigh numbers, the oscillatory motion is likely to take place and stratified region is extended. However, initial temperature adjustment process is much slower than that for low Rayleigh numbers.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2017

Purpose: This study examined the effects of upper- and lower-limb coordinated exercise with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on stroke patients' recovery of their balancing and walking abilities. Methods: This study was conducted with 30 patients aged at least 60 years and diagnosed with stroke. The patients were randomly assigned to either a PNF upper- and lower-limb coordinated exercise group of 15 patients or an aero-step balance exercise group of 15 patients. To test the subjects' balancing and walking abilities, balancing ability tests and 10-m walking speed tests were conducted before and after the interventions. The patients performed their respective exercises for 30 minutes per session, three times per week for four weeks. The PNF exercise group performed six stages of exercise consisting of a combination of PNF patterns such as sprinting, skating, and striking. The six stages (right striking, right skating, right sprinting, left striking, left skating, and left sprinting) were performed continuously with a rest period of 1 min. after training for 4 min. The exercises for the aero-step balance group consisted of balancing in a two-leg standing position, weight shifting in a two-leg standing position, one-leg standing, squat exercises, marching in place, and squatting on an aero step. Results: The PNF exercise group showed significant improvements in their balancing ability evaluations compared to the aero-step balance group and also showed significant improvements in their 10-m walking speed tests. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, PNF upper- and lower-limb coordinated exercise resulted in clinical improvements of stroke patients' balancing and walking abilities. Therefore, this type of exercise is recommended as a clinical intervention for the recovery of stroke patients' lower-limb function. Future studies should be conducted with longer intervention periods and more subjects to generalize the study results.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.11-20
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• 2019

In this study, a novel virtual reality (VR) experience environment is proposed for enabling walking adaptation of visually impaired people. The core of proposed VR environment is based on immersive walking interactions and deep learning based braille blocks recognition. To provide a realistic walking experience from the perspective of visually impaired people, a tracker-based walking process is designed for determining the walking state by detecting marching in place, and a controller-based VR white cane is developed that serves as the walking assistance tool for visually impaired people. Additionally, a learning model is developed for conducting comprehensive decision-making by recognizing and responding to braille blocks situated on roads that are followed during the course of directions provided by the VR white cane. Based on the same, a VR application comprising an outdoor urban environment is designed for analyzing the VR walking environment experience. An experimental survey and performance analysis were also conducted for the participants. Obtained results corroborate that the proposed VR walking environment provides a presence of high-level walking experience from the perspective of visually impaired people. Furthermore, the results verify that the proposed learning algorithm and process can recognize braille blocks situated on sidewalks and roadways with high accuracy.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.18
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• pp.513-557
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• 2009

The procession depicted in Goguryeo's ancient tomb mural consists of guards, honor guards, music band, and performing artists. Since this coincides with the royal processions of Goryeo and Joseon Dynasties, the relationship of its impact can be examined. The performing arts appearing in such street procession were mostly sanakbaekhui. During the Goryeo Dynasty, the king visited Bongeunsa templ when the lotus lantern festival was celebrated. At such time, on the left and right sides of the road travelled by the king were installed mountains made of lanterns and trees made of lanterns. The procession was quite large in scale and was accompanied by colorful music and performances. In the narye ceremony of the Goryeo Dynasty, as in China, street procession and performing arts took place. The jisinbarbgi performed by a peasant band in early January is a custom of narye. A new character appears in the royal narye during the first half of the Joseon period. Therefore the features of narye transforming according to the changes of the times can be examined. In the Joseon Dynasty's procession of a king returning to the palace, the royal band in front and behind the carriage of the king played marching music, and led by a sanbung this street procession headed toward the palace. Various performances also took place during this time. The samilyuga and munhuiyeon were festivals of the yangban class(nobility). Those who passed the state examination hired musicians and performers and paraded around town in Seoul for three days to celebrate the auspicious outcome for their family and to show off their family's power. In the Joseon's dongje and eupchijeui ceremonies, street processions were carried out with a shrine deity image or symbolic flag at the head. The dongje in a Korean village, combined with jisinbarbgi, incorporated a procession with the flags ymbolizing the guardian deity of the village at the head, and this went from house to house. The procession of suyeongyaru had the publicity impact of a mask play performance, and by creating a sense of unity among the participants, heightened the celebratory atmosphere. At the core of the bukcheonggun toseongri gwanweonnori was as treet procession imitating the traveling of high government officials. The toseong gwanweonnori has the folk religion function of praying for safe human living and abundance of grains for the village, the entertainment function of having fun and joy through street processions and various performances, and the social function of creating unity and harmony among the residents. In all the aforementioned events, the street procession had a large role in creating a celebratory atmosphere, and the performance of traditional performing arts in the middle of the procession or after the procession enabled the participants to feel united. The participants of the street procession felt cultural pride and self-confidence through the various events and they were able to have the opportunity to show off and proudly display their abilities.