• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.257-260
• /
• 2003

A total of 135 F2 finishing pigs (65 barrows and 69 gilts) from resource population (Large White${\times}$Meishan) were slaughtered at about 87.8 kg BW. Contents of inosine acid (IMP) and carnine (HR) in muscle were assayed by HLPC and genetic parameters for IMP content and HR content were estimated using full sibs model. There was significant sex effect on IMP content(p<0.05), $3.561{\pm}0.077mg/g$ for gilt and $3.287{\pm}0.085mg/g$ for barrow. Heritability estimates for IMP and HR content were 0.127 and 0.357, respectively. The phenotypic correlation between IMP content and HR was 0.335, pH (A) 0.024, water lose rate (WLR) -0.069, intramuscular fat (IMF) -0.214, average marbling score (MARB) -0.143, average backfat measurements (AVBF) -0.084 and average color value (CV) -0.156, respectively. The result indicated that inosine acid content in meat might be retained or slightly improved by reducing backfat depth in pig breeding.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.817-820
• /
• 2007

The effects of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (DGAT1) candidate gene polymorphism on the economic traits of Hanwoo were studied. Through sequencing analysis, two polymorphism sites at K232A and T11993C were established and were analyzed by PCR-RFLP. The PCR-RFLP analysis for K232A showed that the frequencies of alleles K and A were 0.75 and 0.25, respectively, and the frequencies of genotypes for K/K, K/A and A/A were estimated as 0.509, 0.491 and 0, respectively. In the PCR-RFLP analysis for T11993C, we found allele frequencies of 0.773 and 0.227 for T and A, respectively, and 0.546, 0.454 and 0 for the T/T, T/C and C/C genotype frequencies, respectively. No significant effects on economic traits in Hanwoo were found in the separate analysis of K232A and T11993C polymorphisms, but the interaction between K232A and T11993C showed a significant effect (p<0.005) on marbling score. The DGAT1 candidate gene was found to have a significant effect not only on milk yield and component traits but also on the metabolism of intramuscular fat.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.397-406
• /
• 2015

Quantitative traits are mostly controlled by a large number of genes. Some of these genes tend to have a large effect on quantitative traits in cattle and are known as major genes primarily located at quantitative trait loci (QTL). The genetic merit of animals can be estimated by genomic selection, which uses genome-wide SNP panels and statistical methods that capture the effects of large numbers of SNPs simultaneously. In practice, the accuracy of genomic predictions will depend on the size and structure of reference and training population, the effective population size, the density of marker and the genetic architecture of the traits such as number of loci affecting the traits and distribution of their effects. In this review, we focus on the structure of Hanwoo reference and training population in terms of accuracy of genomic prediction and we then discuss of genetic architecture of intramuscular fat(IMF) and marbling score(MS) to estimate genomic breeding value in real small size of reference population.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.109-114
• /
• 2003

연도그룹에 따른 도체특성의 차이는 tender 그룹이 tough 그룹에 비해 무거운 도체중과 두꺼운 등지방 두께, 우수한 근내지방도, 밝은 육색, 흰 지방 및 좋은 조직감을 나타내었다(<0.05). 근절길이의 변화는 사후 시간이 경과함에 따라 지속적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 특히 사후 3시간 이후에 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 연도에 따른 그룹간의 비교에서는 사후 3, 6 및 24시간에서 tender 그룹이 tough 그룹에 비해 유의적으로(p<0.05) 긴 근절길이를 나타내었다. 그리고 tender 그룹은 tough 그룹에 비해 낮은 IMCT 전단가를 나타내었고(p<0.05), 관능적으로 우수한 연도와 기호성을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과에서, 육의 연도는 다른 도체특성에 비해 등지방두께, 근내지방도 및 조직감과 밀접한 관련성을 보였으며, 사후초기인 3과 6시간에서의 근절길이를 측정함으로써 사후 24시간째 연도의 추정이 가능할 것으로 사료된다. 그리고 동일한 나이에서 연도와의 관련성은 총 콜라겐 및 가용성 콜라겐 함량보다는 근육내 결체조직의 강도와 더 높은 관련성 (p<0.05)이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.410-414
• /
• 2004

Estimated liveweights, carcass characteristics, the proximate composition and amino-acid composition of the whole rib cut of the 10th/12th thoracic vertebrae have been determined for Jiulong-yak. The animal grows rapidly up to puberty at 2-3 years of age. At those ages, females reached 143.0$\pm$34.7 kg and 184.0$\pm$30.8 kg (SD) respectively, which was 60 to 80% of their mature weight at 6 to 7 yr old, then the rate of growth significantly slowed down. Males continued to rapidly increase body weight until an older age possibly due to the selection procedures. Animals included 20 males aged from 2.5 to 6.5 yr, seven females aged of 4.5 yr and 11 steers aged of 4.5-5.5 yr were slaughtered for carcass determination and chemical analysis of meat samples. Dressing-out percentage and ribeye area ranged from 48.53-55.04% and 48.02-68.56 $cm^2$ respectively, both of which differed by age and sex. Yak meat is scarlet in color and intramuscular marbling is poor. The 10th/12th rib-cut contained 24.99-31.93% dry matter; 19.98-22.58% protein; 2.52-10.86% fat and 0.93-1.00% ash. Meat from females and steers contained a higher percentage of fat than those from bulls. The pH of M. Longissimus dorsi measured at 24 h post-mortem ranged from 5.84-6.11. Amino acid composition was similar to that for other red meat, except for a lower content of methionine (1.26 g/100 g meat). The results indicated that yak meat can make a valuable contribution to the diets for the highlanders.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제34권8호
• /
• pp.1309-1320
• /
• 2021

Objective: Investigation of muscle growth at different developmental stages is an appropriate strategy for studying the mechanisms underlying muscle development and differences in phenotypes. In particular, the muscle development mechanisms and the difference between the fastest and slowest growth rates. Methods: In this study, we used a growth curve model to fit the growth inflection point (IP) of QingYu pigs and compared differences in the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) transcriptome of muscle both at the growth IP and plateau phase (PP). Results: The growth curve of the QingYu pig had a good fit (R² = 0.974) relative to a typical S-curve and reached the IP at day 177.96. At the PP, marbling, intramuscular fat, and monounsaturated fatty acids had increased significantly and the percentage of lean muscle and polyunsaturated fatty acids had decreased. A total of 1,199 mRNAs and 62 lncRNAs were differentially expressed at the IP compared with the PP. Additional to gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analyses, these differentially expressed protein coding genes were principally related to muscle growth and lipid metabolism. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the identified differentially expressed lncRNAs, could play roles in muscle growth, fat deposition and regulation of fatty acid composition at the IP and PP.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제46권5호
• /
• pp.833-840
• /
• 2004

1995년부터 10년간 축산연구소에서 도축된 한우도체 773두에 대하여 한우도체의 육질등급 판정 요인특성을 출하체중 및 성에 따라 분석하였으며 육질등급에 따른 배최장근의 이화학적 특성 및 관능특성을 조사하였다. 육질등급은 출하체중대별로 거세우 및 암소가 수소에 비하여 우수하였으며(P<0.05) 출하 체중이 높을수록 육질응급이 향상되었다. 육질등급 판정요인 중 근내지방도, 조직감, 성숙도, 육색 및 지방색은 성별로 차이 가(P<0.01) 있었으나 출하체중별로는 근내지방도와 성숙도 요인만 차이가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 한우의 최종 육질등급은 근내지방도(r= - 0.$81^{**}), 육색(r= 0.21^{**}), 지방색(r= 0.10^{**}) 및 조직감(r =0.41^{**}$)과 상관관계가 있었으나 성숙도는 영향이 없었다. 배최장근에서 측정한 평균 단백질함량, 수분함량 빛 지방함량은 각각 20.68%, 69.34% 및 8.05%로 육질등급이 3등급에서 $1^+$등급으로 우수할수록 단백질함량 및 수분함량은 감소되었고 지방함량은 증가되었다(P<0.01). 전단력, 가열감량 및 보수성은 평균 5.2kg/$cm^2$, 129.4% 및 47.3%로서 육질등급이 증가됨에 따라 전단력과 가열감량은 감소되었으나(P<0.01), 보수력은 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 육색은 육질등급이 증가함에 따라 명도와 적색도 및 황색도는 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.01). 관능특성에서, 풍미와 다즙성은 및 연도는 육질등급이 우수할수록 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.01). 배최장근의 지방함량은 전단력(r=$0.56^*$)과 보수성(r=$0.18^{**}) 및 다즙성 (r=0.46^{**}), 연도(r =0.49^{**}), 향미 (r= 0.34^*)에 상관관계가 높은 것으로 분석되었으며 전단력이 높을수록 관능특성 요인인 향미, 연도, 다즙성이 나쁜 것으로 분석되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제28권8호
• /
• pp.1075-1083
• /
• 2015

Adipose tissue deposited within muscle fibers, known as intramuscular fat (IMF or marbling), is a major determinant of meat quality and thereby affects its economic value. The biological mechanisms that determine IMF content are therefore of interest. In this study, 48 genes involved in the bovine peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway, which is involved in lipid metabolism, were investigated to identify candidate genes associated with IMF in the longissimus dorsi of Hanwoo (Korean cattle). Ten genes, retinoid X receptor alpha, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), phospholipid transfer protein, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3, fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3), carnitine palmitoyltransferase II, acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase long chain (ACADL), acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase 2 branched chain, and fatty acid binding protein 4, showed significant effects with regard to IMF and were differentially expressed between the low- and high-marbled groups (p<0.05). Analysis of the gene co-expression network based on Pearson's correlation coefficients identified 10 up-regulated genes in the high-marbled group that formed a major cluster. Among these genes, the PPARG-FABP4 gene pair exhibited the strongest correlation in the network. Glycerol kinase was found to play a role in mediating activation of the differentially expressed genes. We categorized the 10 significantly differentially expressed genes into the corresponding downstream pathways and investigated the direct interactive relationships among these genes. We suggest that fatty acid oxidation is the major downstream pathway affecting IMF content. The PPARG/RXRA complex triggers activation of target genes involved in fatty acid oxidation resulting in increased triglyceride formation by ATP production. Our findings highlight candidate genes associated with the IMF content of the loin muscle of Korean cattle and provide insight into the biological mechanisms that determine adipose deposition within muscle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제31권7호
• /
• pp.933-950
• /
• 2018

In Japan, Wagyu cattle include four Japanese breeds; Black, Brown, Shorthorn, and Polled. Today, the renowned brand name Wagyu includes not only cattle produced in Japan, but also cattle produced in countries such as Australia and the United States. In recent years, the intramuscular fat percentage in beef (longissimus muscle) from Japanese Black cattle has increased to be greater than 30%. The Japanese Black breed is genetically predisposed to producing carcass lipids containing higher concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids than other breeds. However, there are numerous problems with the management of this breed including high production costs, disposal of untreated excrement, the requirement for imported feed, and food security risks resulting from various viral diseases introduced by imported feed. The feeding system needs to shift to one that is more efficient, and improves management for farmers, food security for consumers, and the health environment for residents of Japan. Currently, we are developing a metabolic programming and an information and communications technology (ICT, or Interne of Things) management system for Wagyu beef production as future systems. If successful, we will produce safe, high-quality Wagyu beef using domestic pasture resources while solving the problems of how to utilize increasing areas of abandoned agricultural land and to make use of the plant-based feed resources in Japan's mountainous areas.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제1권4호
• /
• pp.223-232
• /
• 1988

Fifty-two wether lambs weighing 30 kg were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups; 1) initial slaughter. 2) control-maintenance (CON-MT), 3) control-ad libitum (CON-AL), 4) cimaterol-maintenance (CIM-MT) and 5) cimaterol-ad libitum (CIM-AL). Ad libitum-fed animals had free access of a high-concentrate diet, whereas maintenance animals were restricted in feed intake to maintain the initial weight of 30 kg for 90 days. Cimaterol was administered in the feed at 10 mg/kg. Regardless of feeding level, the administration of CIM improved carcass weight (p < .05), dressing % (p < .01), longissimus muscle area (p < .01), leg conformation and muscling (p < .01), USDA yield and quality grades (p < .01) and protein concentration (p < .01) in carcass as well as in muscle. Cimaterol feeding decreased organ wt (p < .01), baekfat depth (p < .01), intramuscular fat and overall fatness. Cimaterol was effective for muscle accretion even under restricted feeding condition. The greater accretion of muscle was the result of the hypertrophy of both type I and type II muscle fibers but the hypertrophy of type II fiber (110%) was much greater than that of type I fiber (37%). Cimaterol feeding decreased muscle DNA concentrations but the number of nuclei per muscle fiber was not changed, indicating that the lower DNA concentration was due to the dilution effect caused by the hypertrophy of muscle fiber. As evidenced by lower flank streaking, lower marbling and darker muscle, CIM feeding adversely affected meat quality. Meat tenderness was also adversely affected, resulting in significantly (p H .01) tougher meat in CIM-fed animals.