• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.55
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• pp.265-290
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• 2012

CEPA (Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement) between India and Korea may vitalize Korean economy more and more. Currently most of Korean firms have entered into manufacturing industries like electronics and automobiles. But only a few Korean companies are trying to penetrate into Indian green industry so this paper suggest how to enter into Indian green industry, especially renewable energy sectors. First, Exporting main shaft, tower-flange and polysilicon products can be considered, as a first step of entry mode. Second, entry mode based on contract like technology licensing, strategic alliance and joint venture establishment can be also one of options. For example, Korean solar energy industry which show more competitiveness than that of Indians should try to make technological licensing on PV modules. In addition to this, they should also try to make joint ventures with right Indian partners and build up 'Solar City' nearby regions like Gurgaon in India where many Korean firms are located. Korean shipbuilding firms like Hyundai Engineering which keep on developing wind turbo engines can also try to make strategic alliance with Indian firms like Suzlon which has strong competitiveness. After that, they should explore Korean and Indian wind sector markets together. Third, brownfield investment can be last and final option as a entry mode as we consider the peculiar characteristics of renewable energy industry. Lastly, Korean government which are rush to indulge into green business should formulate more proper and realistic policies to give big incentives the concerned firms which are trying to open international green market so government should make Korean green firms not to lose good market opportunities related to green industry like renewable energy sectors. Renewable energy sectors are basically regarded as infrastructures so close contact to Indian central government as well as state government will be also required.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.583-599
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• 2022

According to the discussion on the low-density economy in OECD industrial growth in remote area has played a central role in the members'economic recovery from the financial crisis in the mid-2000s. Based on the OECD's low-density economy this study examines the phenomena and spatial characteristics of industrial growth in peripheral areas of Korea. The growth of industries in the peripheral areas shows a similar growth characteristics as cases in the OECD members. Various manufacturing and service sectors as well as traditional sectors such as agriculture, forestry and fishing have grown in the peripheral areas since the mid-2000s. Firms in the peripheral areas form various cooperative networks to overcome the unfavorable regional conditions. The growth of new industries shows the possibility of path-dependent development in the periphery. Based on the results, implications on the policies for supporting the diversification of regional industries, setting flexible regional boundaries for policies, and linking policy sectors are derived.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.459-479
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• 2013

To assess the feasibility of 'low carbon, sustainable growth' policy pursued of the Chinese government, this paper first measures technical efficiency, $CO_2$ shadow prices, and indirect Morishima elasticity of substitution between capital and energy for 24 of manufacturing sectors in Beijing and Chongqing, in which China launched pilot carbon emissions trading scheme, by estimating the input distance function. Based on these results, then the potential for $CO_2$ reduction, cost savings from emissions trading, and the effectiveness of capital investment in reducing $CO_2$ are compared across industries and provinces. In 2010, manufacturing industries in Beijing and Chongqing could potentially reduce the largest $CO_2$ emissions, amounting 5.2 and 17 million tons, respectively, by achieving 100% technical efficiency. While, on average, Chongqing has a comparative advantage in the cost savings from carbon trading over Beijing, Beijing is more likely to reduce $CO_2$ by expanding capital investment.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.145-168
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• 2014

Given the distance from Mt. Baekdu, volcanic ash will have the direct impact on South Korea in case Mt. Baekdu erupts. Ash fall deposits or particulate matters(PM10) in the air will cause damages in various sectors. In particular, the PM10 impact on the manufacturing sector when the ash disperses in Korea is needed to be assessed since South Korea's manufacturing sector accounts for more than 30% of GDP. Meanwhile the economic impacts of PM10, including Asian dust, have been researched in Korea as the events become frequent, and losses in the manufacturing have been also reported. This study is to identify vulnerable sectors to volcanic ash in the korean industry, and to assess economic losses in case of a Mt. Baekdu eruption scenario, based on the historical loss experience with particulate matters. Study results show that airline, precision such as electronics and semiconductors, distribution, shipbuilding, car, leisure, glass, dairy farming are vulnerable to volcanic ash, or PM10. The economic losses in both car and shipbuilding industry is estimated to 46.49 billion Korean won due to shutdown for 6 hours in case of a Mt. Baekdu eruption scenario.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.47-48
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• 2007

A CMP Process has many factors that affect result of a polished wafer. Dominant factors are velocity, pressure and temperature in process. A pad profile is also considered as affecting factor of CMP. Accoding to variation of a pad profile, the each pan of a wafer is differently pressured. It appears to affect the uniformity of a wafer. A pad profile varies as a swing arm conditioner which have been ordinarily used in industry. A swing arm conditioner has several sectors in its swing path. This study aims that a wafer get a good uniformity as swing arm conditioner's path on pad is analyzed and simulated. Through the simulation, tendency of pad profile after conditioning will be predicted and the result of simulation compared with the result of experiment. The optimized pad profile would be made by to vary swing arm's velocity on each sector. In order to maintain the optimized profile, conditioner design or swing arm's velocity should be changed and designed.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2017

This study analyzed causal relationship between electricity consumption and economic output (GDP) for Korea from 2001 to 2014 employing the vector error-correction model estimation by manufacturing sector. The results of unit-roots tests show that all sectoral GDP and electricity consumptions were not stationary. And cointegration tests show that processed foods, Wood Pulp Paper, electricity apparatus, Precision Medical sectors had a linear combinations in the long run between electricity consumptions and economic growth. With respect to the direction of causality, manufacturing sector has a uni-directional running from economic output (GDP) to electricity consumption in short term. The results of study show that sectoral causal relation were different each other in short term and long term. These findings imply that electricity demand management policy focusing on efficiency improvement is necessary to minimize negative impacts on economic growth and to adopt suitable structural policies can induce energy conservation.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.1-26
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• 2018

This study estimates the technical efficiency and total factor productivity(TFP) of and analyzes the relationship between TFP and exports for Korean manufacturing companies from 2000 to 2016. Specially, TFP is decomposed into Technical Change(TC), Technical Efficiency Change (TEC), and Sale Effect(SE), and compared between large and small enterprises. First, in the case of technical efficiency, the Korean economy has been very vulnerable to external shocks, such as the sharp decline following the 2008 financial crisis. The efficiency of the electronics, automobile, and machinery sectors is low and needs to be improved. In addition, the technological efficiency of large enterprises is higher than that of SMEs in most manufacturing sub-sectors except for non-ferrous metals. In the case of TFP, most changes are due to TC, and the effective combination of labor, capital and the effect of scale have little effect, suggesting that improvement of internal structure is urgent. In addition, volatility due to the impact of the financial crisis in 2008 was much larger in SMEs than in large companies, so external economic impacts are more greater for SMEs than large enterprises. The relationship between TFP decomposition factors and exports shows that TC has a positive effect only on exports of SMEs. Therefore, in order to increase exports, in the case of SMEs, R&D support to promote technological development is needed. In the case of large companies, it is necessary to establish differentiated strategies for each export market, competitor company, and item to link efficiency and scale effect of exports.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.55-77
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of the regional location factors to the lifecycle of manufacturing firms in the Seoul Metropolitan Area. A firm has a lifecycle in common like a household. The firm's lifecycle is divided into 4 sections such as formation, dissolution, growth and decline for the manufacturing firms as light industry, heavy industry and high-tech industry. In addition, the regional location factors are divided into 4 categories. As a result of this research, there are differences for the statistically significant location factors. In addition, the value for the explanation ability of each multiple linear regression model (adj. $R^2$) was high in the formation and growth sections than in dissolution and decline sections. It means that the local governments need differentiated policies considering their regional characteristics for the location factors by firm's lifecycle when they established policies for industry or job. From the view point of the public sectors, it is much important to focus on formation and growth of firms.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.349-353
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• 2012

As the world wind energy market grows rapidly, the productions of wind power generation equipment have recently increased, but manufacturers are not able meet this requirement. Particularly offshore wind energy industry is one of the most popular renewable energy sectors. To generalize welding processes, the welding automation is considered for steel structure manufacturing in offshore wind energy to get high quality and productivity. Welding technology in construction of the wind towers is depended on progress productivity. In addition, the life of wind tower structures should be considered by taking account of the natural weathering and the load it endures. The root passes are typically deposited using Gas Tungsten Arc Welding(GTAW) with a specialized backing gas shield. Not only the validation consists of welders experienced in determining the welding productivity of the baseline welding procedure, but also the standard testing required by the ASME section IX and API1104 codes, toughness testing was performed on the completed field welds. This paper presents the welding characteristics of the root-pass welding of high tensile steel in manufacturing of offshore wind tower. Based on the result from welding experiments, optimal welding conditions were selected after analyzing correlation between welding parameters(peak current, background current and wire feed rate) and back-bead geometry such as back-bead width(mm) and back-bead height performing root-pass welding experiment under various conditions. Furthermore, a response surface approach has been applied to provide an algorithm to predict an optimal welding quality.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.473-498
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• 2017

This study examines the effect of environmental regulation considering the endogeneity on the productivity of Korean manufacturing industry based on the Porter hypothesis using data from the Mining and Manufacturing Survey, Survey of Research and Development in Korea, and Environmental Statistics Portal from 2003 to 2013 with fixed effect model. In order to eliminate the bias of the missing variables that may occur in the existing studies, we analyze factors affecting productivity such as market competition, R&D investment as explanatory variables. And, in order to eliminate measurement error and inverse causality, we use instrumental variable approach. The main results are as follows. First, our findings that the environmental regulation improve the productivity of Korean manufacturing in the long-run support the Porter hypothesis. Second, our findings suggest that measurement error and reverse causality are main sources of the endogeneity, while omitted variable is not. Finally, environmental technology R&D has reduced productivity in the short-run.