• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2006

A simple algorithm that can be used to estimate a healthy person's blood pressure using pulse transit time is proposed in this paper. Fifty healthy students participated in the experiment that was conducted in line with the study. The subjects were asked to exercise on several exercise levels using a bicycle ergometer. Their blood pressures during the succeeding rest period were measured. A simple method was proposed to illustrate the relationship between blood pressure and pulse transit time. The systolic blood pressures as well as the heights and weights of the subjects were regarded as the proper parameters, and a second-order regression curve was produced to estimate the subjects' blood pressures. The mean error of estimation was less than 10 mmHg, which was the mean error of manual measurement. Although our estimation model is so simple, it can be used to estimate continuous blood pressure measurement for bicycle ergometer exercise. The electrocardiograms, photoplethysmograms, and blood pressures, however, could not be measured simultaneously As such, their estimation may be slightly different from the results taken from simultaneous measurements.

• 공학논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2005

일반적인 지질조사에서는 많은 양의 지질구조 측정을 위하여 수동 컴퍼스를 사용하고 있다. 암반사면의 건축과 터널의 증가로 인해 좀 더 정밀한 지질조사 요구 때문에 휴대용 다용도 디지털 컴퍼스가 필요하다. 이 시스템은 마이크로 컨트롤러로서 Intel PXA 255 임베디드 보드가 사용되어 만들어졌으며, 기울기 센서, 방위각 센서, 그리고 위성항법장치로 구성되어져 있다. 우리가 개발한 시스템으로 측정되어진 경사 값과 주향 값, 그리고 위치 값은 PDA나 노트북으로 전송되어 지질구조 분석을 위하여 쓰여질 것이다. 본 논문에서 개발된 값싸며 성능이 향상된 디지털 컴퍼스는 광대한 지질 조사에 있어서 많은 비용과 시간을 절약하는 역할을 하리라 기대된다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.283-289
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• 2004

According to continuos welded rails on a bridge, temperature changes bring about the expansion of the bridge deck adding axil forces on the track. Moreover, the ballast on the bridge deck expansion joint is moved due to the bridge deck. If bridge decks are longer, the influence is greater, loosening ballast, causing track irregularities, and deteriorating passengers' comfort. Considering structure of bridge itself and tolerance of track irregularities caused by the loosened ballast on bridges, the maximum length of a deck should be less than 80m, which is the same as the standard of the French railway. In this study, an interaction between the expansion related to the bridge length and irregularity in longitudinal level referring to measurements and maintenance works performed in the high-speed railways was analyzed. This research shows that installation of sliding plate or vertical ballast stopper is not a good option since it is difficult to install. On the other hand, installation of movable fastener or gluing is easy but its influence is insignificant. To conclude, switch tie tamping or manual tamping is more effective than others.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.91-103
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• 1995

The reaction rate, equilibrium, and flow injection analysis methods were fundamentally evaluated for the determination of aqueous ammonia. The selected indophenol blue method was based on the formation of indophenol blue in which ammonium ion reacted with hypochlorite and phenol in alkaline solution. In the optimized reaction condition, the reaction followed 1st order reaction kinetics and the final product was stable. The absorbance measurements before and after the equilibrium were utilized for the reaction rate and equilibrium methods. The reaction rate methods, based on the relative analytical signals for the possibility of eliminating interferents, were shown to have good linear calibration curves but the detection limit and the calibration sensitivity were poorer than those in the equilibrium method. The detection limits were 32-49 pub and 24 pub for the reaction rate and equilibrium methods, respectively In the flow injection analysis, the absorbance was measured before the equilibrium reached and thus resulted in 30% reduction of calibration sensitivity. However, the detection limit was 11 ppb, indicating that the peak-to-peak noise for the blank was remarkably improved. Compared to the manual methods, the optimized experimental condition in a closed reaction system reduced the blank absorbance and the inclusion of ammonia from the atmosphere was prevented. In addition, highly reproducible mixing of sample and reagents and analytical data extracted from continuous recording showed excellent reproducibility.

• 지질공학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.205-214
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• 2001

암반 절취면에 분포하는 면과 선구조를 원격으로 측정하는 단순 장치를 소개한다. 지질구조의 배열은 구조면이나 선분상에 존재하는 3개 이상의 점에 대한 3차원 좌표를 이용하여 계산된다. 좌표들은 두 폐쇄회로 카메라의 영상에서 계산되며, 계산에 활용되는 변수들은 (1) 영상에서의 동일지점에 대한 좌표 (2) 카메라의 초점거리 (3) 두 카메라의 기선거리 이다. 영상측량을 위하여 영상 획득을 위한 장치와 Visual Baisc 언어와 GIS 콤퍼넌트를 이용한 전산 프로그램이 개발되었다. 개발된 방법을 이용한 측정결과 179cm의 거리에서 원격으로 측정된자료가 1cm 이하의 오차를 보이고 있다. 원격측정법을 이용하여 배재대학 교내의 암반 절취면에 분포하는 면구조를 측정한 결과 수작업으로 측정한 면의 배열방향과 허용 오차범위 이내에서 일치하는 결과를 보이고 있다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2015

The analysis of remote sensing data depends on sensor specifications that provide accurate and consistent measurements. However, it is not easy to establish confidence and consistency in data that are analyzed by different sensors using various radiometric scales. For this reason, the cross-calibration method is used to calibrate remote sensing data with reference image data. In this study, we used an airborne hyperspectral image in order to calibrate a multispectral image. We presented an automatic cross-calibration method to calibrate a multispectral image using hyperspectral data and spectral mixture analysis. The spectral characteristics of the multispectral image were adjusted by linear regression analysis. Optimal endmember sets between two images were estimated by spectral mixture analysis for the linear regression analysis, and bands of hyperspectral image were aggregated based on the spectral response function of the two images. The results were evaluated by comparing the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), the Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM), and average percentage differences. The results of this study showed that the proposed method corrected the spectral information in the multispectral data by using hyperspectral data, and its performance was similar to the manual cross-calibration. The proposed method demonstrated the possibility of automatic cross-calibration based on spectral mixture analysis.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.629-644
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• 2010

A real-time image georeferencing system requires all inputs to be determined in real-time. The intrinsic camera parameters can be identified in advance from a camera calibration process while other control information can be derived instantaneously from real-time GPS/INS data. The bottleneck process is tie point acquisition since manual operations will be definitely obstacles for real-time system while the existing extraction methods are not fast enough. In this paper, we present a fast-and-automated image matching technique based on the KLT tracker to obtain a set of tie-points in real-time. The proposed work accelerates the KLT tracker by supplying the initial guessed tie-points computed using the GPS/INS data. Originally, the KLT only works effectively when the displacement between tie-points is small. To drive an automated solution, this paper suggests an appropriate number of depth levels for multi-resolution tracking under large displacement using the knowledge of uncertainties the GPS/INS data measurements. The experimental results show that our suggested depth levels is promising and the proposed work can obtain tie-points faster than the ordinary KLT by 13% with no less accuracy. This promising result suggests that our proposed algorithm can be effectively integrated into the real-time image georeferencing for further developing a real-time surveillance application.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.106-110
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• 2017

The developmental responses of insects to temperature are important considerations in gaining a better understanding of their ecology and life histories. Temperature dependent models permit examination of the effect of temperature on the geographical distributions, population dynamics, and management of insects. The measurements of insect developmental and survival responses to temperature pose practical challenges that depend. The developmental characteristics of A. diaperinus were investigated at four temperature regimes (20, 25, 30 and $35^{\circ}C$), a relative humidity of 60%, and a light:dark photoperiod of 16:8h. The developmental time from larva to adult was 129.0, 49.8, 40.5 and 31.9 days at temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and $35^{\circ}C$, respectively. Pupal rate was 80.0%, 100%, 83.3% and 91.7% at temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35 respectively. There is an increasing need for a standardized manual for rearing this. Pupa had significantly lower weights at $35^{\circ}C$ than at the other temperatures. Female pupae (20mg) were significantly heavier than male (17mg).

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.123-133
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• 2019

Bicycle fitting used to depend on empirical adherence of bicycle Peter and intuitive judgment by hand, but recent developments in industry and the Fourth Industrial Revolution have continuously developed other related tools that can be applied to bicycle fitting. Depending on these circumstances, bicycle fitting technology is also developing, and due to the difficulty of the technicians, there is a limit to popularizing. The Bicycle Integrated Fitting System has the need for this study to make these problems easy for anyone to operate by the system of manual. The purpose of this study is to examine the methods of physical sizing among the various stages of developing these systems. Accurate physical measurements can improve the efficiency of bicycle riding and minimize the injury of bicycle risers issued by incorrect fittings. Thus, in this study, physical measurement methods for bicycle fitting were derived by body region and applied to the post-measurement fitting as well as the location and method of measurement. It has prepared a basis for establishing a core database for physical measurement of development of integrated bicycle fitting system. Research was conducted to enhance understanding and utilization of users after system development and results were derived for the purpose of the study. Research was conducted to establish a database for the development of a bicycle integrated fitting system, and future research on bicycle fitting methods, application of the system, and hardware development should be carried out.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to test the effects of passive exercise on upper extremities muscle spasticity, finger edema, and depression for chronic stroke patients. Methods: A non-equivalent pretest-posttest design was employed for this study. The subjects were 30 elderly patients who were hospitalized to treat chronic stroke. 15 patients were assigned to the experimental and control groups respectively. Passive exercise for 20 minutes per day, five days a week for 8 weeks (total 40 times) was provided for the experimental group. Outcome measurements included manual spasticity test to measure upper extremities' muscle spasticity, the ring measurement method for finger edema and the Korean version of Short-form Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS-K) for depression. Results: The upper extremities' muscle spasticity (Z=-2.52 p=.012) and the degree of depression (F=5.56, p=.006) in the experimental group were significantly reduced compared to those of the control group. But the degree of finger edema did not significantly differ between the two groups (F=1.46, p=.240). Conclusion: Passive exercise for upper extremities should be encouraged for elderly patients with chronic stroke to enhance the upper extremities' functional capacity as well as depression.