• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.223-229
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• 1997

It is demonstrated that many standard nonparametric test such as the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test, the Fisher-Yates test, the Savage test and the median test are admissible for a two-sample nonparametric testing problem. The admissibility of the Kruskal-Wallis test is demonstrated for a nonparametric one-way layout testing problem.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.40-46
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• 2017

Purpose: Glufosinate ammonium (GA; phosphinothricin) can induce neurological complications such as altered mental status, amnesia, and convulsions. This study was conducted to evaluate whether blood lipid profiles can help predict convulsions in patients with GA poisoning. Methods: This study was a retrospective review of data acquired at a tertiary academic university hospital from March 2014 to July 2016. Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test and Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) of demographic and laboratory findings of 50 patients with GA poisoning were performed to identify correlations of general characteristics and laboratory findings, including blood lipid profiles of GA-poisoned patients between with and without convulsions. Results: Convulsion as a GA complication showed a significant association with poison volume, age, white blood cell count, and creatine phosphokinase (CK), albumin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) content in blood according to an independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test. However, ANCOVA demonstrated significant association with LDL and triglyceride. Conclusion: Blood lipid profiles, especially serum LDL and triglyceride, were useful in predicting convulsions in patients with GA poisoning.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

Today, it can not be denied that customer's satisfaction is one of the most important key factors for business success. This paper studies relationships between customer's satisfaction and intention in multiplex, where customer satisfaction means several kinds of the satisfaction of both facility and personnels inside and outside multiplex while the intention means that customer has the intention that he/she will revisit, inform by word of mouth, and stay at multiplex in the future. The number of subjects In this study is 346 persons stayed at four multiplexes, among which we obtained valid responses from 326 persons through questionnaire investigation. We held hypotheses for the relationships, and for the testing, used methods are Spearman's correlation, Mann-Whitney test, etc, and for statistical analysis, SPSS 10.1 software was used. Thus, we found statistically significant results. The relation between customer's satisfaction and his/her favorable intention is positive. With the information given in this paper we can notice which kind of satisfaction is highly related to each intention of customer, so that multiplex can be operated more effectively toward high revenue.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 치위생학과 팀기반 수업에서 지필시험, 팀별평가, 팀원평가, 자기평가 등 다양한 학생평가방법을 비교하는 것이다. 분석대상은 2016, 2017학년도에 '구강보건교육학 실습' 교과목을 수강한 학생들의 점수이고, 기술통계, Spearman 상관분석, 왜도와 첨도, Mann-Whitney U 검정 등의 분석방법을 사용하였다. 네 가지 학생평가방법 중 자기평가와 팀원평가만 정적인 상관관계를 보였고, 팀원평가보다 자기평가를 관대하게 하였으며, 자기평가점수가 가장 중심화되어 있었다. 자기평가 여부에 따라 동료평가 점수의 관대화와 중심화 경향을 비교한 결과, 자기평가를 실시한 그룹에서 팀원평가를 더 관대하게 했으며, 더 중심화되게 평가하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 치위생학과 팀기반 학습에서 각종 평가방법에 대해 비교하고 자기평가 여부에 따라 동료평가 결과에 차이가 있다는 것을 발견했다는 데에 의의가 있다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.569-581
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• 2019

This study investigated differences in cosmetic buying behavior and personal characteristics between cosmetic involvement groups. Cosmetics buying behavior refers to reason for using cosmetics, use of information sources, selection criteria, place of purchase, use/non-use of cosmetics, purchase propensity, purchase frequency, purchase amount, and satisfaction with cosmetics. Personal characteristic contains pursuing image, age, residence area, job, and average household monthly income. Data was collected from 5-10 December 2016, from 308 females in their 20s using an internet survey. The analysis included descriptive statistics, t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and chi-square tests. The respondents were divided into two groups (a high cosmetic involvement group and a low cosmetic involvement group) according to the degree of cosmetic involvement. The results of t-tests revealed significant differences between groups in terms of reasons for using cosmetics, use of information sources, selection criteria, purchase frequency, place of purchase, use/non-use of cosmetics, and satisfaction with cosmetics. The results of Mann-Whitney U tests highlighted a significant difference in purchase frequency between both groups. The results of chi-square tests indicated significant differences in purchase frequency, purchase amount, pursuing image, and average household monthly income. However, no significant differences were evident in terms of purchase propensity, age, job, and area of residence between groups.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.102-106
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• 2009

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM. Screw loosening has been a common complication and still reported frequently. PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate abrasion of the implant fixture and TiN coated abutment screw after repeated delivery and removal with universal measuring microscope. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Implant systems used for this study were Osstem and 3i. Seven pairs of implant fixtures, abutments and abutment screws for each system were selected and all the fixtures were perpendicularly mounted in liquid unsaturated poly-esther with dental surveyor. After 20 times of repeated closing and opening test, the evaluation for the change of inner surface of implant and TiN-coated abutment screw, and weight loss were measured. Mann-Whitney test with SPSS statistical software for Window was applied to analyze the measurement of weight loss. RESULTS. TiN-coated abutment screws of Osstem and 3i showed lesser loss of weight than non-coated those of Osstem and 3i (P < .05, Mann-Whitney test). CONCLUSION. Conclusively, TiN coating of abutment screw showed better resistance to abrasion than titanium abutment screw. It was concluded that TiN coating of abutment screw would reduce the loss of preload with good abrasion resistance and low coefficient of friction, and help to maintain screw joint stability.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2012년도 학술발표회
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• pp.944-944
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• 2012

Urbanization leads to a change of hydrologic responses because impervious area is increased by urbanization. Decrease of groundwater recharge and increase of overland flow are general hydrologic characteristics caused by urbanization. This can be a source of damages such as increased flooding and reduced groundwater levels. Daily streamflow in Gabcheon watershed, South Korea is simulated by ARCSWAT model, an extension of SWAT2005. After calibration and validation of model, the simulated daily streamflow from 1997 to 2001 are statistically analyzed. The phenomenon that $T_{Qmean}$ is inversly proportional to coefficient of variation for the simulated daily streamflow is demonstrated. Also, hydrologic response was more influenced by weather than land use for high flow. This study also examines the effect of land use change on daily streamflow with spatially and quantitatively different land use maps. The simulated stream flow is tested by Mann-Whitney method. The median between stream flows simulated for 1990 and 2000 land use maps is significantly different, but the simulated streamflow for spatially different land use maps is almost unchanged.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.741-750
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• 2021

The research aims to analyze the level of efficiency by grouping banks during the period 2017 - 2018 into category 1 and category 2 banks and then dividing them as Regional Development Banks (BPD) and Non-BPD Conventional Commercial Banks (BUK) within each category. The research objects are banks within the categories BPD and BUK comprised 18 BPDs and 35 BUKs. The research methodology uses 3 stages, first, using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) we measure the level of bank efficiency; second, using the Tobit regression model we evaluate the effect of financial performance on DEA efficiency, and third, using the Mann-Whitney test we determine whether there is a difference in the efficiency of category 1 and 2 banks. The results showed that there was a decrease in the efficiency of category 1 and 2 banks but on average, the efficiency of category 1 banks is higher than category 2 banks. The estimation results of the Tobit regression model show that only the ROA variable affects the efficiency level of category 1 banks, while category 2 banks are influenced by NPL and ROA variables. In the Mann-Whitney test, it was proven that there were differences in efficiency between BUK and BPD in category 1 and 2 banks.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.73-87
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 동북아시아 24개 컨테이너항만들의 4년간 자료(2009년-2012년)를 이용하여 5개의 투입요소(겐트리 크레인 수, 선석 수, 총 선석길이, 터미널면적, 평균수심), 2개의 산출요소(컨테이너화물처리량, 직기항 선사수)를 이용하여 항만효율성 측정 시 AR가중치를 부여하는 방법(다중회귀분석방법과 AHP방법)을 실증적으로 검증하였다. 즉, AHP/DEA-AR분석 결과에 대해서, 다중회귀분석방법으로 AR을 결정하고 항만들의 효율성을 측정한 후에 항만들 간의 순위를 이용하여 윌콕슨부호순위검정과 Mann-Whitney 윌콕슨 순위 합 검정방법으로 그 결과를 비교분석하여 검증하였다. 실증분석의 주요한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 측정한 순위를 근거로 윌콕슨부호순위검정을 실시한 결과 P값(유의확율)이 유의수준 0.05보다 훨씬 더 크게 나타났으므로, 귀무가설 Ho는 채택하였다. 즉, AHP/DEA-AR모형에 의한 효율성 순위와 다중회귀분석에서 도출된 AR을 이용한 효율성분석에 의한 순위에는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. Mann-Whitney 윌콕슨 순위 합 검정도 동일한 결과를 보였다. 둘째, 평균적으로 보았을 때, 윌콕슨 부호순위검정에서 P값(유의확율)이 평균 0.845 수준에서 양 모형의 효율성 수치에 의한 순위가 서로 일치함을 보여 주었으며, Mann-Whitney 윌콕슨 순위 합 검정의 평균유의확율은 0.963으로 더 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 전체자료를 한꺼번에 고려하여 측정한 경우에는 윌콕슨부호순위검정에서 상대적으로 유의확율이 크게 낮아(0.845->0.694)졌으며, Mann-Whitney 윌콕슨 순위 합 검정도 낮아(0.963->0.925)졌다. 본 논문의 정책적인 함의는 항만운영자들이나 항만정책의 입안가들이 항만들에 대한 효율성을 측정할 때, 본 논문에서 제시한 AR가중치를 적용한 방법을 도입하여 시행함으로써 보다 정확한 항만효율성을 측정할 수 있어야만 한다는 점이다. 또한 더욱 확장시켜서 AHP법과 다중회귀분석방법을 접목한 방법을 도입하여 측정해야만 한다는 점이다. 항만투자금액을 결정할 때, 그러한 측정결과도 참고한다면 효과적인 항만관리 및 정책이 시행될 수 있을 것으로 확신한다. 본 논문의 한계는 퍼지분석법, 비방사적 DEA분석을 도입하지 못했으며, 그리고 AHP법과 다중회귀분석방법을 혼합한 측정결과를 제시하지 못했다는 점이다. 차후연구에서 다루고자 한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.313-323
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 유방절제술 후 환자를 위한 맞춤형 상지 운동프로그램을 개발하여 적용하고 그 효과를 검증하기 위한 것이다. 연구설계는 유사실험설계이며, 연구대상은 D지역의 2개 대학병원에서 유방절제술을 받은 3년 이내의 환자로 실험군 17명, 대조군 16명이 연구에 참여하였다. 본 연구에 참여하는 실험군에게는 2015년 6월부터 7월동안 총 주 3회의 운동프로그램을 7주간 실시하였고, 대조군에게는 운동프로그램을 제공하지 않았다. 본 연구 프로그램의 사전, 사후 어깨관절 유연성은 줄자를 이용한 등 뒤 손잡기와 관절 각도계를 이용한 어깨가동범위를 측정하였으며, 악력은 악력계를 이용하여 측정하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS/Win 21.0 program을 이용하였고, 사전 동질성 검증은 카이제곱 검정과 Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U-test를 이용하였으며, 가설 검증은 Mann-Whitney U-test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test를 이용하였다. 연구결과, 맞춤형 상지 운동프로그램에 참여한 실험군은 대조군에 비해 등 뒤로 두 손 마주잡기(p=.001), 굽힘(p<.001), 벌림(p=.032), 바깥돌림(p=.024), 안쪽돌림(p=.041) 등에서 모두 유의한 변화를 나타내 유연성과 관절가동범위가 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 실험군은 대조군에 비해 악력(p<.001)도 유의하게 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 개발된 개별 유방암 환자의 특성과 신체적 상태를 고려하여 과부하의 원리와 점증적 원리로 구성된 유방절제술 후 환자를 위한 맞춤형 상지 운동프로그램은 수술 후 환자들의 어깨관절 유연성과 악력 향상에 효과적이었으며 수술 후 많은 환자들이 호소하는 어깨관절 기능 및 악력 저하를 예방하고 신체기능을 향상시켜 일상생활로의 복귀를 도와줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.