• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.95-112
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• 2005

This paper will look into the Main Substance and Some Problems of 24 hours Advance Cargo Manifest Declaration Rule, focuses on the Policy implication of Korea's and counter measures of our parties concerned about 24-hour advance vessel manifest rule. The 24-hour rule requires cargo owners to submit cargo manifest information to U.S. Customs 24 hours before vessel sailing from the final foreign port to a U.S. port. Cargo manifest information must be complete, accurate, and timely. As of February 2, 2003 manifest information can be submitted by paper or electronically. Cargo descriptions must be at a level of detail consistent with Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) codes used by U.S. Customs. HTS codes are 10 digits. Electronic submissions are made via the Automated Manifest System (AMS) run by U.S. Customs.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.275-296
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine ways of ensuring the efficiency and stability of import-export logistics in our country by introducing an advance presentation system of vessel manifest. This advance presentation system of vessel manifest has already been introduced in the United States, the EU and China whom our country has actively traded with, and the reinforcement of logistics security is a global trend. Under the circumstances, the introduction of the advance presentation system of vessel manifest is required to assist exporters to properly respond to changing trade practices as early as possible, and it's also necessary to exercise stricter control over an import criminal cargo. Our country should urgently introduce the advance presentation system of vessel manifest that is up to global standard, and the establishment of an internet based manifest consolidation and presentation system and the introduction of an export inspection system of port of loading are requested as well. If all the systems are introduced and work properly, that will make a great contribution to the efficiency of import-export logistics in our country.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.599-624
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• 2011

Cormac McCarthy's Blood Meridian (and the Border Trilogy) can be used as a touchstone with which the limit of American literature is tested. For his text is particularly significant in the sense that its language mixes English with Spanish; its characterization confronts Americans with non-Americans; and its narrative structure traverses the geographical and symbolic borderlands between America and Mexico. In this sense, his novels deserve to be reexamined under the rubric of Chicano/a Studies, Hemispheric American Studies, transnationalism, etc. Rereading McCarthy's Blood Meridian, this paper attempts to rethink its historical complexity in relation to Manifest Destiny, focusing on the border-crossing motifs of filibustering and scalp-hunting. For this purpose, I pay due and careful attention to the ways in which the ideology of Manifest Destiny was created, circulated, and manipulated among the 19th century American expansionists and border-crossing agents. Of course, my discussion does not omit the significance of the U.S.-Mexico borderlands in the contemporary Chicano/a Studies and Hemispheric American Studies. In these historical and interdisciplinary contexts, I investigate how the 19th century filibusters like Captain Smith and his followers fall prey to the imperial practice of Manifest Destiny. I would also interrogate whether and how the Glanton Gang's scalp trade is involved in the capitalist desire of Manifest Destiny.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.17-30
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• 2015

Unlike existing widely used bytecode-centric Android application code obfuscation methodology, our scheme in this paper makes encrypted file i.e. DEX file self-extracted arbitrary Android application. And then suggests a method regarding making the loader app to execute encrypted file's code after saving the file in arbitrary folder. Encrypted DEX file in the loader app includes original code and some of Manifest information to conceal event treatment information. Loader app's Manifest has original app's Manifest information except included information at encrypted DEX. Using our scheme, an attacker can make malicious code including obfuscated code to avoid anti-virus software at first. Secondly, Software developer can make an application with hidden main algorithm to protect copyright using suggestion technology. We implement prototype in Android 4.4.2(Kitkat) and check obfuscation capacity of malicious code at VirusTotal to show effectiveness.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate difference between manifest refraction (MR) and cycloplegic refraction (CR) with age and myopic value. Methods: Manifest and cycloplegic refractions were carried out on the patients of 229 myopic patients ($25.3{\pm}11.9$ years old). Results: The average results from a pre- and a postcycloplegic refraction showed a reduction of 0.19 D in myopia, 0.02 D in astigmatism and $1.85^{\circ}$ in astigmatism direction. Change of myopic value was higher in 30~40 age. Total 73 eyes of 229 patients who showed 0.50 diopter (D) in spherical, and a high degree of myopia group showed a higher discrepancy rate. Conclusions: The results found in the comparison of the value of the manifest refraction and cycloplegic refractions showed changes of myopic value was not significant with age of patient, but the group of high degree of myopia showed higher discrepancy rate.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.11
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• pp.779-788
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• 2013

With a wide dissemination of smartphones, the number of native applications developed and sold freely by anyone is growing now. The application market activated by Apple's App Store is spreading more rapidly with Google's Google Play. But due to platform-dependent of native application's attribute, developers are programming at each platform. As a result, development cost is increasing compared to earnings. To solve a dependency problem, people focused on web application developed by web-based language. However, stores at each browser are requiring a web application to follow manifest format. And this causes browser-dependent problem. Those problems can be solved by installing a certain browser, but this can make an application useless on the other browser of a store. Dependency problem can narrow not only user's application variation, but also concentration on some specific store. OWS(Open Web Store) is a standard store that supports various web environments. It overcomes browser or platform dependency problems by interworking applications between stores. Also customers are able to choose a large number of applications. In this paper, related to OWS, I would like to suggest manifest standards and store's reference architecture. An interworking scenario is going to be proposed as well.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.617-623
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• 2018

This study focuses on detection of malicious code through AndroidManifest permissoion feature extracted based on Android static analysis. Features are built on the permissions of AndroidManifest, which can save resources and time for analysis. Malicious app detection model consisted of SVM (support vector machine), NB (Naive Bayes), Gradient Boosting Classifier (GBC) and Logistic Regression model which learned 1,500 normal apps and 500 malicious apps and 98% detection rate. In addition, malicious app family identification is implemented by multi-classifiers model using algorithm SVM, GPC (Gaussian Process Classifier) and GBC (Gradient Boosting Classifier). The learned family identification machine learning model identified 92% of malicious app families.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.123-143
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• 1998

The aim of this paper is to investigate the women's apparel distribution channel in the well-known department stores located in the central Seoul area. Since the department store has its reputation, information and enormous buying power, it is the one of the major leading retails in the women's apparel industry. In doing so, the relationship between the channel members in terms of the level of dependence, power sources and perceived conflict and manifest conflict has been studied. Particularly, based on French and Raven's power sources, position source is added. It refers to a channel member's (Merchandizer in the department store) source over another based on the expection the former (Merchandizer in the department store) will be able to allocate the location and size of the store influencing the latter's sale and profit. The key informants are the merchandizers who work in the apparel companies contracting with major department stores. Finally, of the 284 questionnaires collected, 235 are usable. The hypotheses are tested through LISREL. The results of statistical analysis support that : Dependence has a positive effect on noncoercive bases of power. Coercive bases of power have a positive effect on manifest conflict as well as perceived conflict while noncoercive bases of power have a negative effect mainly on manifest conflict. Thus, the relation between the major department stores and the women's apparel companies in there seems to have bilateral dependence rather than highly unilateral dependence.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.145-149
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• 2008

Purpose: To study the difference between refractive errors obtained from manifest refraction (MR) and cycloplegic refraction (CR) in first-time spectacle wearers. To study the difference between manifest refractive errors and cycloplegic refractive errors in first-time spectacle wearers. Methods: From January 2002 to December 2002, manifest and cycloplegic refractions were carried out on the patients who visited an ophthalmology clinic for a spectacle prescription for the first-time. The patients were 509 male and 499 female patients aged between from 3 to 15 years old. Results: The cycloplegic refraction showed a less myopia and a more hyperopia compared with the non-cycloplegic refraction. The differences were more in female patients. The CR showed a less myopic and a more hyperopic refractive errors than the MR. The differences were more in female patients. The average results from a pre- and a post-cycloplegic refraction showed a reduction of -0.22D in male, and -0.20D in female for the myopic group. For the myopic group, the myopic refractive errors by MR were -0.22D in male and -0.20D in female higher than the refractive errors by CR. Hyperopic group showed an increase of +0.37D in male, and +0.56D in female. For hyperopic group the hypropic refractive errors by CR were +0.37D in male and +0.56D in female higher than the refractive errors by CR. This difference between the results of a preand a post-cycloplegic refraction was more if the patients were younger. This difference between refractive errors by MR and by CR showed the younger the more and the proportions of pseudo-myopia and or latent hyperopia were also higher with younger patents age. The amounts of with-the-rule astigmatism and the oblique astigmatism were increased for the post-cycloplegic refraction in the CR refraction. Simple astigmatism reduced, but there was no difference found in the amount of astigmatism. The prevalence of simple astigmatism reduced, but there was no difference in the amount of astigmatism. Conclusions: The difference between manifest refraction and cycloplegic refraction was more in younger group. The difference of refrative error between by MR and CR increases with ageing decrease. Pseudo-myopia and latent hyperopia was also found in the younger group. Simple astigmatism reduced after cycloplegic refraction, there was no difference found in the amount of astigmatism. The prevalence of simple astigmatism reduced, but there was no difference in the amount of astigmatism.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.63-86
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• 2008

The study examined whether small group filial therapy for maladjusted young children and their mothers would improve children's interpersonal relationships. Two mother-child pairs participated in the program consisting 12 group parent education sessions by a therapist and 6 sessions of supervised play therapy. All 18 sessions ran 85-90 minutes once a week. Results showed positive changes on initiated interactions, co-play, emotional closeness and manifest joy in mother-child play interactions. Scores of playfulness rated by two trained observers during weekly group play time for the children showed improvement in terms of physical, social, and cognitive spontaneity, manifest joy and humor. Quality of children's interpersonal relationships in routine life of home and preschool was enhanced according to reports of mothers and preschool teachers.