• 생물정신의학
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2009

Objectives : Serum and plasma BDNF levels have been shown to be decreased in patients with mood disorder such as major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. We investigated whether platelet BDNF levels would be lower in patients with acute bipolar manic episode compared with those of normal controls. Methods : BDNF levels were examined in platelet-rich plasma(PRP) and platelet-poor plasma(PPP) in 20 healthy controls and 20 hospitalized patients who were diagnosed as bipolar I disorder, most recent episode manic using a Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. And severity of manic symptoms was measured using Young Mania Rating Scale(YMRS). Platelet BDNF level was calculated by subtracting PPP BDNF from PRP BDNF level, and dividing the result by the total platelet count, and it was expressed as pg/$10^6$ platelet. Results : Platelet BDNF levels were significantly lower in patients with acute bipolar manic episode(4.55${\pm}$3.36pg/$10^6$ platelet) than in normal controls(6.84${\pm}$2.32pg/$10^6$ platelet)(p=0.008). However we failed to reveal the significant negative correlation between platelet BDNF levels and YMRS scores in patients with acute bipolar episode. Conclusion : Our finding suggests that there is a decrease in the platelet BDNF of patients with acute bipolar manic episode.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.449-458
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• 2007

양극성 장애 (bipolar disorder)는 조증 삽화 (manic episode)와 우울증 삽화 (depression episode)를 반복적으로 경험하는 기분장애이다. 양극성 장애환자에게 우울증은 조증보다 심각한 결과를 가져오며, 치료의 효과를 측정하기도 어렵다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 우울증(depression) 상태에 있는 환자들을 대상으로 항우울제를 사용하여 정상 (normal) 상태로 전환했을 때, 약물의 장기 사용으로 일어날 수 있는 조증 (mania)과 같은 부작용을 통제하고자 한다. 이를 위해 정상 상태에서 조증으로 전환하는데 소요되는 시간의 분포를 추정한다. 본 연구에서는 세 가지 방법, 모수적, 비모수적 그리고 준모수적 방법을 차례대로 적용하였다. 특히 기분 전환의 흐름을 파악하기 위해 3단계 모형을 사용하였다. 예를 들어, Illness-Death 모형하에서 기분 전환의 발생시점에 대한 분포를 추정하기 위해 계수 과정에 의해 기분 전환에 대한 과정을 모형화하였다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.114-116
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• 2008

Mania in psychiatry describes not only the state of temporary elation of the mood but also of the general mental function such as contents of a thought, thinking process, motivation, enthusiasm, interest, behavior, slumber and physical activities. The time of period when the above changes of mood, mental and behavioral disorder appear is called a manic episode. Postoperative mania is very rare and it has been reported only 5 times in english literature. It's an extremely rare case which has not yet been reported in Oral and Maxillofacial surgery. Patients normally deny the symptoms and it is easy to miss the diagnosis since the patient tends to seem content and happy. Patients show the following initial symptoms of mania - postoperative insomnia, atypical gregariousness, euphoria and unstability. Patients who are not disaffected with insomnia can also be included.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.157-159
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• 2008

저자들은 심한 수면 무호흡증을 가진 성인 남자에서,CPAP 치료 후 조증 및 경조증 삽화가 유발된 증례를 보고하였다. 본 증례는 정신과적 병력 및 가족력이 없던 환자에게서 CPAP 치료 후 조증 삽화와 경조증 삽화가 연속해서 유발된 첫 번째 보고이다. 환자는 CPAP 치료 시작 직후부터 약 한달 동안 기분 고양감과 목적지향 활동의 증가를 보이다가 2~3일만에 정신병적 증상이 동반된 조증 삽화를 보였다. 또한 퇴원 후 투약을 지속하면서 다시 CPAP치료를 한 직후 경조증 삽화로 추정되는 일련의 기분 및행동 변화가 나타났다. 따라서 이 환자의 조증 삽화와 경조증 삽화로 추정되는 기분 변화는 CPAP 치료로 유발되었을 가능성이 있다고 판단되었다. 폐쇄성 무호흡증이 심하여 CPAP 치료가 처방되는 경우에 임상의들은 정신과적 질환의 기왕력이나 위험 인자가 없는 환자에서도 조증상태가 발생할 수 있는 가능성에 대해 유의하여야 하고, 주기적으로 객관적인 척도를 사용하여 기분 변화 정도를 점검할 필요가 있다. 특히 CPAP 사용 후 특별한 이유 없이 행동 변화나 기분 고양의 정도가 심해질 때는 조증 가능성을 의심해 보아야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.281-286
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• 1995

Objects : Manic phase of bipolar disorder is treated with a combination of mood stabilizer and antipsychotic drug, especially in the acute phase. Such combined treatment is often required for the clinical management of manic symptoms until therapeutic effects of mood stabilizer become evident. The present study was the first open trial to evaluate the efficacy of risperidone, and safety of the combination of mood stabilizer and risperidone in the treatment of acute manic patients. Method : This study was performed as an open clinical study. The subjects of this study were 42 patients who had been admitted with first manifestations or acute exacerbations of illness were selected, using DSM-III-R criteria for bipolar disorder, manic episode. Patients were rated using the the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Clinical Global Impression (CGI), Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale(ESRS). Other adverse events were assessed by a symptom checklist and by observation by medical personnel. Vital signs were monitored in a standard way and electrocardiography, routine laboratory analysis were performed. Results : Thirty patients(67%) completed the 12-week trial period. The CGI showed a good therapeutic effect with a minimal incidence or severity of side effects. The majority of patients showed a continuos reduction in their BPRS scores. The extrapyramidal symptoms assessed on ESRS generally showed mild to moderate degree. laboratory porameters showed no significant changes during the course of treatment. Conclusion : The results of the study showed a good efficacy of the risperidone in manic patients and further controlled studies are warranted.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.61-63
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• 2004

We describe the case of a 73 year-old female patient, YSG, who initially presented with a manic episode without any previous psychiatric history and was later diagnosed as having a meningioma in the left frontal lobe. YSG's symptoms were characterized by hyperactivity, insomnia, aggressive behavior with an auditory hallucination. She showed no abnormal signs on a complete neurologic examination. A gadolinium-enhanced MRI study showed a huge, extra-axial mass with homogenous enhancement in the left high convexity of the frontal lobe. Her manic symptoms subsided after administration of risperidone 1mg and valproic acid 500mg daily, for three weeks without surgical resection of the tumor. These findings suggest that YSG's mania might have resulted from the left-sided frontal tumor, and that her symptoms were treated rapidly by small doses of risperidone combined with valproic acid. Medical staff who care for manic patients should be aware of this possibility of a organic lesion without evidence of neurologic disease.

• Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.494-496
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• 2018

No previous reports have described a case in which deep brain stimulation elicited an acute mood swing from a depressive to manic state simply by switching one side of the bilateral deep brain stimulation electrode on and off. The patient was a 68-year-old woman with a 10-year history of Parkinson's disease. She underwent bilateral subthalamic deep brain stimulation surgery. After undergoing surgery, the patient exhibited hyperthymia. She was scheduled for admission. On the first day of admission, it was clear that resting tremors in the right limbs had relapsed and her hyperthymia had reverted to depression. It was discovered that the left-side electrode of the deep brain stimulation device was found to be accidentally turned off. As soon as the electrode was turned on, motor impairment improved and her mood switched from depression to mania. The authors speculate that the lateral balance of stimulation plays an important role in mood regulation. The current report provides an intriguing insight into possible mechanisms of mood swing in mood disorders.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.247-252
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• 1998

신경이완제 악성증후군(NMS)은 치사율이 높은 관계로 집중적인 치료를 요하는 부작용이며, NMS 에서 회복된 후에도 NMS 발생 이전의 기존 정신증상이 지속될 경우에 언제, 어떤 항정신병 약물을 투여할 것인가 하는 문제가 있다. 본 증례는 조증 증세를 보인 18세 남자 청소년에서 NMS에서 회복된지 약 2주경부터 clozapine을 사용하여 NMS의 재발없이 조증의 호전을 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. 환아는 1995년 11월경 발병한 양극성 정동장애, 경조증삽화로 1996년 2월 13일부터 동년 3월 29일까지 서울대학교 병원 소아정신과에 입원하였다. 퇴원후 약물치료를 계속하였고, 1998년 3월말부터 엉뚱하고 난폭한 행동이 나타나 1998년 3월 31일 재 입원하였다. 입원후 일일 haloperidol 8mg까지 투여하였고, 입원 4일째 근육경직과 의식혼탁이 나타났다. 임상증상과 혈액검사 소견상 NMS로 판단되어 항정신병 약물 투여를 중단하였고, dantrolene과 bromocriptine을 투여하였다. 입원 6일째부터 혈액 검사소견이 호전되기 시작하였고 임상적으로도 호전되었다. 이후 전형적인 조증증세가 나타나기 시작하였다. Thioridazine을 최대 일일 50mg까지 투여하였으나 증상조절이 되지 않아서 기존 사용약물을 모두 끊고 입원 21일째부터 clozapine을 투여하기 시작하였다. 입원 46일째 clozapine 투여량은 일일 350mg 이었다. 이후 동량을 유지하였고 NMS 증상의 악화나 재발없이 조증 증세 호전되어 입원 58일째 퇴원하여 현재까지 외래 통원치료중이다.

• 우울조울병
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.109-122
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• 2018

Objectives : The objective of this study was to revise the Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Bipolar Disorder (KMAP-BP) 2014: Children and Adolescents. Methods : We performed the survey, using a questionnaire comprising 22 questions according to each situation, in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. Results : First-line pharmacotherapeutic strategies for manic episode in children with bipolar disorder were a combination of mood stabilizer (MS) and an atypical antipsychotics (AAP), monotherapy with an AAP, risperidone, and aripiprazole. Aripiprazole was selected as first-line medication for depressive episode in children with bipolar disorder, and aripiprazole, and risperidone were selected as first-line at high-risk children. First-line pharmacotherapeutic strategies for manic episode in adolescents were a combination of MS and an AAP, monotherapy with an AAP valproate, lithium, risperidone (Treatment of Choice, TOC), aripiprazole, and quetiapine. First-line pharmacotherapeutic strategies for depressive episode in adolescents, were a combination of an atypical antipsychotics and lamotrigine, valproate, aripiprazole (TOC), risperidone, and quetiapine. For depressive episodes in adolescents at high risk for bipolar disorder, valproate, aripiprazole (TOC), and risperidone were selected as first-line medication. Conclusion : We expect that the present KMAP-BP 2018-children and adolescents, is useful for clinicians to treat children and adolescents with bipolar disorder.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.40-44
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• 2022

Bipolar disorders are a group of mood disorders characterised by relapsing mood episodes throughout the course of illness. Patients with bipolar disorders commonly present with various sleep problems. Patients in a manic episode generally show decreased need of sleep and those in a depressed episode frequently complain about hypersomnia. Current literature even points to evidence that patients with bipolar disorder in euthymic state may still show signs of sleep disturbances when compared to the general population. Clinicians may also note intricate interactions between changes of circadian rhythm and evolution of mood episodes in patients with bipolar disorder. Also, commonly prescribed medications which plays a crucial role in treatment of bipolar disorders including mood stabilisers and antipsychotic medications often cause significant weight gain over time. Being a risk factor of sleep apnoea, weight gain can predispose the patient to develop sleep apnoea. In this narrative review, we summarised current evidence and literature regarding characteristics of circadian rhythm and comorbid sleep apnoea in patients with bipolar disorder. We also present literature regarding implications of circadian disturbance and comorbid sleep apnoea in managing patients with bipolar disorder.