• 기록학연구
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• 제5호
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• pp.209-242
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• 2002

Bibliographical Description for Revolutionary Historical Archives is created to describe records at the item level. It defines descriptive elements, punctuations, formats and methods. Descriptive elements are composed of 20 elements, each of which is either mandatory or optional. Mandatory elements are: repositories codes, documents codes, dates, creators, title, classification codes, and subject vocabularies. Abstracts were previously included in card cataloging and are removed in the computerized system. New elements, such as "uncontrolled vocabularies," "name of places," "personal names," "organizational structures" and "meetings," are added to allow keyword search. Considering that subject vocabulary searches are the most important in computerized systems, however, Guidelines for the Subject Indexing for Revolutionary Historical Archives as well as Subject Headings, as a result from the Guidelines, are created. The most extraordinary features in Chinese archival description are said to be the Guidelines for the Classification Indexing for Revolutionary Historical Archives and Materials as well as the Classification Scheme, both of which are created to allow subject search of records content. It is because Chinese practice of records management distinguishes the classification for arrangement from that for retrieval. Chinese archival description is, therefore, composed of bibliographic description rules, subject headings, and the classification scheme for retrieval.

• 한국건축친환경설비학회 논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.557-566
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• 2018

The ZEB certification system has come into effect since 2018 according to the ZEB road map. From 2020, the public buildings with the total floor area smaller than $3000m^2$ are the target of the certification, and it will be extended to the buildings with up to $5000m^2$ floor area in 2025. However, current mandatory regulations for public office buildings seem already to meet the ZEB certification system planned for 2025. In this work, two buildings belong to $3,000{\sim}5,000m^2$ in total floor area were selected to analyze the possibility of meeting the ZEB certification only by following current obligation regulations. Results showed that the test buildings satisfied the minimum building energy efficiency and energy self-sufficiency rates for the ZEB certification when the mandatory insulation and installation ratio of renewable energy are applied. This can be useful for revising the road map or extending the target buildings of the ZEB certification.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2021

In case of South Korea, the airspace which airlines can operate is extremely limited due to the military operational area located within the Incheon flight information region. As a result, safety problems such as mid-air collision between aircraft or Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System Resolution Advisory (TCAS RA) may occur with higher probability than in wider airspace. In order to prevent such safety problems, an mid-air collision risk detection model based on Detect-And-Avoid (DAA) well clear metrics is investigated. The model calculates the risk of mid-air collision between aircraft using aircraft trajectory data. In this paper, the practical use of DAA well clear metrics based model has been validated. Aviation safety data such as aviation safety mandatory report and Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast is used to measure the performance of the model. The attributes of individual aircraft track data is analyzed to correct the threshold of each parameter of the model.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.107-124
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• 2020

Purpose - We assess the trade remedies rules in a host of Korea's FTAs to explore the trade policies for the effective implementation of FTA trade remedies rules. Also we develop the strategies of the future FTA negotiations of trade remedies rules. Design/methodology - After we review the key features of FTA trade remedies rules, we examine whether the rules are WTO-consistent or not. Next, we touch upon the WTO-plus characteristics of some provisions. Our main methodology is to compare the trade remedies rules in the numerous Korea's FTAs. Another methodology is to link those rules to the relevant WTO agreements and WTO dispute cases with a view to drawing lessons for trade policies and FTA negotiations. Findings - We find that most of the trade remedies rules are WTO-consistent. Moreover, we find that notification and consultation requirment, mandatory lesser duty rule, explicit prohibition of zeroing method, and public interest clause are WTO-plus. We also find that there are limitiations in the application of some global safeguard exclusion rules because of their non-mandatory nature. Originality/value - While most of previous studies focus mainly on the unique aspects of specific FTAs, our study analyzes comprehensively the trade remedies rules in the various Korea's FTAs. Based on the comprehensive analysis, we figure out the areas to be clarified and improved for the effective implementation of FTAs and the strategies for the future FTA trade remedies negotiations. As a consequence, our paper is expected to contribute to the academic research on FTA policies as well as the national economy.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2019

Purpose: Children's swimming pools are picking up faster than the other types of swimming pool. Yet, safety law-related studies are still lack. This study is to review legal status of children's swimming pool in Korea and to discuss the related legal issues for safety management of children's swimming pool. Research design, data, and methodology: The study reviewed law and clauses for sport facility management and related legal clauses with chilren's swimming pool management, and sport facility-related articles. Results: Safety management of children's swimming pool should currently follow law for sport and physical education facility management because of no its own legal norm for children's swimming pool. Given this, specific law and clauses for children's pool management need to be legislated to prevent risks for children and to satisfy specific safety factors considering careless behavior of children. Conclusions: Regarding this, the study points out five suggestions. First, law should be established to make notification of safety rules mandatory and this notification should be placed in the pool. This notification would be better effective if it is visualized. Second, according to law, safety 7 rules of children' s swimming pool need to be legistrated and educated for pool managers to obey them. Pool managers could also add their own rules to the 7 rules. Finally, preparation of emergency kits and safety devices need to be mandatory in the pool. Further implications were discussed.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2023년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.162-163
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• 2023

As the development of the 4^th industiral revolution in the maritime industry has progressed, the technical development of autonomous ships, and the development of international regulations have been accelerated. In particular, the IMO Maritime Safety Committee(MSC) has established a road-map for the development of the non-mandatory goal-based MASS instrument(MASS Code) and started developing a non-mandatory MASS Code at MSC 105^th meeting. Many countries are actively participating in the Correspondence Group on the development of MASS Code, and the development of detailed requirements for MASS functions in the MASS Code is underway. Especially, the concept of "Mode of Operation" for MASS functions was mentioned in the Correspondence Group for the first time, and it is expected that discussions on these modes will be conducted from the IMO MASS JWG meeting to held in April 2023. The concept of "Mode of Operation" will be useful in explaining MASS and MASS functions and will be discussed in the future for the development of MASS Code. This paper reviews the contents of the IMCA M 220 document, which provides guidelines on operating modes, to conduct research on the benchmark for setting the operating modes of MASS.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.372-378
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• 1994

연구배경 : PSV는 시술자가 정해준 만큼의 양압으로 기관 삽관 환자의 자발적 흡기 노력을 도울 수 있는 새로운 기계 호흡 방식으로서 5~10cm $H_2O$로 적용시 기관내 삽관으로 인한 기도 저항 및 인공 호흡기 회로에서 발생하는 저항을 극복할 수 있다. 저자들은 기계호흡 이탈시 IMV 단독적용과 IMV에 10cm $H_2O$ 압력의 PSV 병용시 이탈성공률 및 이탈과정 중 나타나는 생리적인 변화를 비교하고자 하였다. 방법 : 기계호흡을 받는 환자로 기저질환이 안정되고 활력징후 및 동맥혈 가스교환 지표가 안정된 환자에게 IMV와 IMV + PSV를 무작위 적용하였다. 각 환자의 임상적 특성, APACHE II score 및 영양상태를 조사하였고 이탈시도 후 48시간까지 맥박수, 평균혈압 및 호흡수를 측정하였다. 결과 : 총이탈시도는 37회였고 이중 IMV 단독적용군은 18회, IMV+PSV 동시적용군은 19회의 이탈시도가 있었다. 양 군간에 연령, 총 기계 호흡시간, 평균 APACHE II score, 영양 상태에 있어 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었고, 이탈 성공률은 IMV군이 38.4%(7/18), IMV+PSV군이 42.1%(8/19)로 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(p value=0.84). 이탈 시도 중의 평균 혈압, 맥박수, 호흡수의 이탈 시도전 기저치에 대한 변동량 역시 양군간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결론 : IMV에 PSV 10cm $H_2O$를 병용하는 것은 IMV 단독 이탈 방법에 비하여 이탈 성공률에 있어 더 나은 점은 없었으며 10cm $H_2O$ PSV는 이탈과정 중 유의한 생리적 변화는 일으키지 않았다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2024

2023년 10월 31일 의료기사 등에 관한 법률의 개정에 따라 방사선사 면허를 취득하기 위해서는 현장실습과목을 필수로 이수하여야 한다. 이에 따라 의료기관 현장실습의 실태를 조사하여 개정된 의료기사법을 알리고, 현장실습의 실효성을 높이기 위한 개선방안을 제안하고자 한다. 2023년 3월부터 4월까지 의료기관에 종사하는 방사선사를 대상으로 설문을 시행하였다. 설문지는 국내 포털사이트인 N사의 폼을 통해 받았으며, 응답자는 120명이었다. 현장실습 학생의 교육을 담당한 경험이 있는 응답자는 68.3%인 82명이었다. 의료기사 등에 관한 법률 개정으로 방사선사면허를 취득하기 위해 현장실습이 의무화된 사실을 알고 있는 응답자는 58%로 나타났다. 의료기사 등에 관한 법률 제9조 무면허자의 업무 금지 등에 따라 대학 등에서 취득하려는 면허에 상응하는 교육과정을 이수하기 위하여 실습 중에 있는 사람의 실습에 필요한 경우는 해당 의료기사 등의 업무를 수행할 수 있다는 사실을 알고 있는 응답자는 50%로 나타났다. 현재 현장 실습 시 어떤 교육을 하는지 묻는 질문에 참관, 환자 안내 및 환자 자세 유지와 이동 외에 방사선을 발생시키는 행위를 하게 한다는 응답자는 6%로 나타났다. 면허 취득을 위한 현장실습이 의무화됨에 따라 앞으로의 교육 방향에 묻는 질문에 77%의 응답자가 현행보다 더 많은 것을 교육할 것이라고 응답하였다. 현장실습의 적절한 전체 시간을 묻는 질문에는 12주 480시간이 35%, 8주 320시간이 33%, 16주 640시간이 27%로 나타났다. 현행 현장실습은 각종 규제에 따라 부실한 교육여건이며, 학생들의 만족도 또한 낮음을 알 수 있다. 그러나 의료기사 등에 관한 법률이 개정됨에 따라 방사선사 면허를 취득하기 위해 현장실습이 의무화되었으며, 현장실습의 교육여건을 개선할 필요가 있다. 이에 따라 원자력안전법과 진단용방사선발생장치의 안전관리에 관한 규칙을 준수하며, 표준화된 실습 목표와 평가 시스템 도입, 수련 병원 지정과 교육 전담 방사선사 지정, 확대된 실습 기간과 모의실습을 도입하여 현장실습 교육의 내실화가 필요하다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2014

주거시설에서 환기횟수 0.7회 적용은 실내공기질 향상과 거주자의 쾌적성을 높이고자 100세대 이상은 의무적으로 적용하고 있다. 건축물에너지효율등급에서는 환기횟수를 기준으로한 기밀시험을 실시 하여 그결과 값을 효율등급결과치에 반영함으로서 창호주변의 정밀시공을 유도하고 침기로 인해 손실되는 에너지절감을 꾀하고 있다. 건축물엔지효율등급 현장실사 결과 환기횟수가 0.6~0.71까지 나타났으며 그차이가 에너지 절감량에 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 유럽의 패시브 하우스 기준이 0.6회 이하의 기밀을 요구하고 있고 우리나라도 2017년 패시브하우스, 2025년 제로하우스를 목표로 하고 있어 비주거 건물의 기밀진단의 의무확대와 고기밀 건물에 대한 연구와 시공방법이 시급한 실정이다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2014

Purpose - This study aims to investigate the process of political changes in Japan, which has introduced regulatory policies for large-scale retail stores since the 1930s, as well as the examples, and suggests improvement schemes for our policies in Korea, which imposes restrictions on business hours and forced holidays in accordance with the current Distribution Industry Development Act. Research design, data, and methodology - After examining the political change processes related to large-scale retail stores in japan, this study analyzes individually regulated cases based on the ordinances enacted by each local government. Through case analysis in Japan, this study makes political suggestions that may be helpful for our country substantially. Results - Since there is an obvious possibility that our economic restrictions on business hours and mandatory holidays do not coincide with WTO GATS, it is necessary for large-scale distributors to introduce new social and environmental regulations similar to Japan, rather than imposing controls to restrict free competition and also introduce a policy to induce cooperation with small businesses for the advancement of the distribution industry. Thus, it is desirable to take measures on noise, waste, traffic, and parking for the preservation of the living environment in the surroundings when building new large-scale retail stores. It is also important to establish measures to improve the welfare of neighborhood residents and consumers, create a pleasant urban environment, and make it mandatory to make presentations at public hearings among residents. Furthermore, it should be mandatory to establish regional contribution plans when a retail store is established, and take measures to solve various civil complaints or problems that may occur after entering the market. Moreover, it is desirable for large-scale retail stores that entered the market to induce cooperation in performing various activities in the area with a strong sense that they are all members of the local economy. Conclusions - If introducing social regulations like in Japan, there is probably an advantage that the conflicts seen when large-scale retail stores enter the market are absorbed by adjusting the persons concerned within the established institution in order to establish a field to solve such conflicts systematically. In contrast, there are still concerns regarding chaotic operation without any active attempts to have a conversation with large-scale retail stores and local small merchants due to a sharp conflict among the persons concerned, and if it is a briefing session without any decision of the restrictions on their opening itself, there may be doubts with regard to their effectiveness. Moreover, if the de facto opening is restricted by the introduction of such a briefing session procedure, the choice of whether to protect the existing rights of large-scale retail stores might become problematic. However, such problems could be minimized in a way by forming a separate consultative group for all persons concerned including residents, local governments, professionals, civic organizations, small merchants, and massive retail store-related persons.