• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify patterns and trends of studies of SMIs from 1999 to 2004, and to suggest the directions of future research activities. Method: 38 research studies of SMIs were selected and classified according to the sample characteristics, and the types of SMIs and outcome variables. Results: The number of SMIs studies has been increased since 1991, but it was more smaller than descriptive studies. They tended to be conducted more without the conceptual framework or randomization. Nurses were the most popular subjects and GHQ was more prevalent than other instruments. SMIs studies used confusedly in "job stress" terms. The outcome variables, most frequently measured were "anxiety and depression". 46 interventions were conducted in 38 studies. Most of them were individual worker-focused intervention and CBT was most frequently conducted. There were wide variations in duration, and intervals of SMIs. Conclusions: These results of this study will be used to guide the development of SMIs. And it was needed to identify and debate on 'stress' terms among the authors and to develop the SMIs. Also, it will be needed research that evaluate the effect of Job SMIs and experimental studies must be conducted rather than descriptive studies.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.47-55
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the outcome for CABG according to whether hospitals provided heart related surgeries. The 2011 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) and inpatient quality indicator principles from the Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) were used for analysis. Hospitals were divided into three groups according to the surgeries they provided. The length of stay and in-hospital deaths were adjusted for the differences in risks. ANOVA was performed to examine the differences for the risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality rate and risk-adjusted length of stay among the three groups. The analysis results showed that hospitals providing CABG, PTCA, and PHS had lower risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality rates or similar risk-adjusted lengths of stay compared to those of hospitals providing only CABG. However, the three groups did not have statistically significant differences in outcome indicators. Another study will be needed with a larger sample.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.445-453
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• 2002

Purpose: This study has been designed to evaluate occupational health services on workers with hypertension Method: Study participants were 108 workers having a diagnosed hypertension. The instrument used for this study was the questionnaire developed by Cho(1998). Analysis of the data was done with SPSS Win 10.0 for descriptive statistics, Correlation coefficient. Results: 1. The mean score of process domain was $3.77\pm.43$ The score of process domains were usefulness of health management$(3.98\pm.49)$, education or counselling$(3.87\pm.53)$, follow up in medical examination$(3.79\pm.58)$, usefulness of providing materials$(3.53\pm.62)$, perception of medical examination $(3.37\pm.80)$ 2. The mean score of outcome domain was $3.47 \pm.44$ The score of outcome domains were obstructiveness of social life$(3.90\pm.78)$, habits of living $(3.41\pm.76)$, blood pressure change $(3.25\pm.81)$, perception of seriousness$(3.02\pm.88)$. 3. Blood pressure change was significant correlated with education or counselling(r=.31) and usefulness of providing materials(r=.28).

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.89-116
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• 2013

The purpose of this research was to investigate relations among empowering leadership, knowledge sharing, intrinsic motivation and trust on supervisors. In addition, the purpose of this study was to investigate if trust on supervisors would mediate the effect of empowering leadership on outcome variables. A research model and hypotheses were developed to examine the theoretical research questions. To test the model proposed, survey data from 44 companies in various industries were collected by distributing 510 questionnaires to team member. The final set of data utilized to test hypotheses included 470 responses. The empirical results of the analysis are as follow. Empowering leadership was shown to influence followers' knowledge sharing. Meantime, empowering leadership was influencing intrinsic motivation and it was positively related to followers' trust on their supervisors. Finally, trust on supervisors partially mediated between empowering leadership and outcome variables. We found that empowering leadership was an important factor in a way that it closely related to variables of organizational competency, such as knowledge sharing, intrinsic motivation and trust in organization.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.49-69
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• 2013

In this study, we examined how the psychological safety influence expected image outcomes(image gain, image risk) and how expected image outcomes impact one's involvement in creative work. And, we examined the relationship between creative work involvement and job performance. We also investigated mediating role of expected image outcomes between psychological safety and creative work involvement. Survey data was collected from 271 employees working in a South Korea. The results of structural equation modeling using LISREL 8.50 indicate that psychological safety was positively related to expected image gain, but not significantly related to expected image risk. The result also expected image gain was positively related to creative work involvement, contrary to prediction of hypothesis 2-2, expected image risk was positively associated with creative work involvement. In addition, creative work involvement has positive effect on job performance. Finally, the relationship of expected image outcomes about psychological safety and creative work involvement was mediated by expected image gain partially. We extended the literature and contributed better understanding of the creativity research by answering calls for further research on involvement in creative work rather then the outcome of the creative process.

• The Korean journal of helicobacter and upper gastrointestinal research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.225-230
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• 2018

Upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (UGIB) is the most common GI emergency, and it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Early identification of low-risk patients suitable for outpatient management has the potential to reduce unnecessary costs, and prompt triage of high-risk patients could allow appropriate intervention and minimize morbidity and mortality. Several risk-scoring systems have been developed to predict the outcomes of UGIB. As each scoring system measures different primary outcome variables, appropriate risk scores must be implemented in clinical practice. The Glasgow-Blatchford score (GBS) should be used to predict the need for interventions such as blood transfusion or endoscopic or surgical treatment. Patients with GBS ${\leq}1$ have a low likelihood of adverse outcomes and can be considered for early discharge. The Rockall score was externally validated and is widely used for prediction of mortality. The recently developed AIMS65 score is easy to calculate and was proposed to predict in-hospital mortality. The Forrest classification is based on endoscopic findings and can be used to stratify patients into high- and low-risk categories in terms of rebleeding and thus is useful in predicting the need for endoscopic hemostasis. Early risk stratification is critical in the management of UGIB and may improve patient outcome and reduce unnecessary health care costs through standardization of care.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.230-237
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• 2021

Functional constipation is common in the paediatric population all over the world. Effective disimpaction to evacuate the impacted faecal matter forms an essential initial step in the management of constipation. Though different regimens of polyethylene glycol 3350 with electrolytes (PEG+E) are accepted as the prime medication for disimpaction, response is not always satisfactory. A randomised prospective study was undertaken, in a tertiary paediatric Gastroenterology centre to find out the outcome of a 2-day disimpaction when a stimulant laxative sodium picosulphate was added to PEG3350+E (PEG+E+PS group) and comparing it with the outcome using PEG3350+E (PEG+E group) alone. Hundred and one children were randomised into two groups to receive PEG+E+PS and PEG+E. Results revealed that PEG+E+PS group proved significantly superior to PEG+E group in most of the efficacy-parameters in terms of disimpaction as well as long-term management of constipation. Though stimulant laxatives are being used for disimpaction, comparative data are lacking. This was the 1st such comparative study looking at the efficacy of these two processes of disimpaction along with long term effect on treatment.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.625-633
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• 2021

Bangladesh's growing foreign aid has sparked controversy over whether it affects the country's economic performance. This review assesses foreign aid's influence on the country's economic growth with annual data covering the 1989-2018 period. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model is applied to achieve the research objective, and the empirical results indicate a substantial and robust impact of foreign assistance on economic growth. The outcome further reveal that domestic investment also contributes significantly to the country's economic evolution. However, trade openness plays a substantial positive role in the short run, although the impact is immaterial in the long run. The empirical findings indicate that the association between aid, domestic investment, and growth has a confident meaningful effect at 1 per cent level in the long run, whereas aid influences more than domestic investment. However, in the short run, aid, domestic investment, trade openness, and growth show positive and noteworthy response also at 1 percent level. This review undertakes a detailed analysis about the country's economic growth, and grounded on its outcome, this work suggests that focus should be placed more on creating domestic investment, promoting more export, and allocation of aid should be determined by the relative needs of the country.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.66-77
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• 2013

The purpose of this empirical study is to investigate the factors of self-leadership depending on individual characteristics, job characteristics, and qualities of leader-member exchange. Additionally, this study aims to discover the effect of self-leadership's outcome factors on organizational citizenship behavior and innovative activities. In order to verify research model and hypothesis, questionnaires were collected from department members working at general hospitals, hospitals, and clinics in metropolitan area of Seoul, which were 85 departments and 344 respondents. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS ver. 19.0 and Amos ver. 18.0 statistical package using Structural Equation Model. The results of the analysis showed that both individual characteristics and job characteristics have significant positive effect on self-leadership. Also, self-leadership had significant positive relationship on innovative action and organizational citizenship behavior. The implications of this study are as follow. First, this study empirically explained how self-leadership is applied in healthcare organizations. Second, it verified the relationship between causal factors and outcome factors of self-leadership. Also, prior researches of self-leadership have been conducted on business companies, but this study explored self-leadership at healthcare organizations, which increased external validity. Nowadays, many people are interested in the effect of leadership in order to overcome issues coming from enlarged organizations and to improve performance. Self-leadership will contribute to maximizing voluntary efforts of human resources and performance in a rapidly changing healthcare industry.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.sup1
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• pp.99-107
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• 2001

Objective : Hydrocephalus and vasospasm are the common complications following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In spite of development of perioperative management and operative technique, hydrocephalus cause neurological deficit and poor prognosis. Usually CSF drainage procedure(external ventricular drainage(EVD) or shunt) is needed in hydrocephalus following SAH. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the need for shunting and the outcome after shunting in hydrocephaus following SAH can be related to the duration, daily and total amount of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) drainage at EVD. Material and Method : IVH is one of several factors which cause hydrocephalus. In this retrospective study, firstly we investigated the incidence of IVH in total cases and frequency of IVH according to aneurysmal site and then prognosis of IVH following SAH. Among 629 patients with SAH, hydrocephalus was diagnosed by CT scan and symptoms. And then those 102 hydrocephalus following SAH were divided into two groups which were hydrocephalus with IVH group and without IVH group. In these two groups, we investigated and compared the incidence of hydrocephalus in all case, frequency of hydrocephalus according to aneurysmal site, the outcome according to H-H grade on admission and the need rate of shunt, etc. Of those hydrocephalus, 100 EVD procedures were done. The duration, daily and total amount of CSF drainage at EVD were investigated. Fifty cases expired during EVD was excluded. We analyzed whether the need rate of shunt and the final outcome after shunting can be related to IVH, the duration and daily and total amount of CSF drainage. Result : The incidence of hydrocephalus following SAH was 20%(with IVH group ; 64%, without IVH group ; 11%). As H-H grade on admission was better, the outcome of hydrocephalus was also better. The mortality rate of hydrocephalus with IVH was 64% which was higher than 40% that of hydrocephalus without IVH. The need rate of shunt in all cases of hydrocephalus following SAH was 20%, but those with IVH group excluding expired patients before shunt was 40%. This was very similar to 41% of the need rate of shunt in hydrocephalus without IVH. The total amount of CSF drainage was statistically related to the need rate of shunt(total amount : need rate of shunt/<1000cc : 15%, 1000-2000cc : 40%, >2000cc : 50%). The duration and daily amount of CSF drainage were not statistically related to the need rate of shunt, but as daily amount of CSF drainage was more and duration was longer, the need rate of shunt was increased(daily amount : need rate of shunt /<100cc : 16%, 100-200cc : 25%, >200cc : 40%//duration : need rate of shunt/<1week : 8%, 1-2weeks : 30%, >2weeks : 47%), and also the final outcome after shunting was poor. Especially the total amount of CSF drainage was significant related to the final outcome after shunting(total amount : GOS/<1000cc : I&II(3/4), 1000-2000cc : II(2/4), III(2/4), >2000cc : III&IV(6/7)). Conclusion : This study revealed that the incidence and mortality rate of hydrocephalus following SAH were influenced by IVH. So SAH associated IVH has the higher incidence of hydrocephalus and poor outcome. As the CSF drainage amount was more and duration of drainage was longer, the need rate of shunt was increased and the final outcome after shunting was poor. Especially the total amount of CSF drainage were strongly related to the need rate of shunt and the outcome after shunting.