• International Area Studies Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.43-60
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• 2010

This paper measures R&D efficiency and productivity changes of 24 nations including Korea, Japan and China by the non-parametric Malmquist productivity index. The principle findings of this study are as follows. First, R&D efficiency scores of Korea and Japan are 0.837 and 0.834 respectively. Meanwhile China shows 0.420, the worst performance among the selected countries. Second, Korea marked annual productivity increase of 25%, highest among the selected countries', for 2000-2005. R&D productivity in Japan and China, however, decreased 1.9% and 0.9% respectively. Third, annual rates of technology change and technical efficiency change in Japan are 0.6% and -2.5%. Therefore decrease of productivity in Japan is mainly due to technical inefficiency. In case of China, improvement of technical efficiency is the main contributor to productivity growth but technical progress has edged downward in the sample period. In Korea, with annual rate of technology change and technical efficiency change being 5.2% and 18.2% respectively, both efficiency improvement and technical progress has pulled the R&D productivity growth.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.277-300
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• 2009

By using data envelopment analysis(DEA) this research measures the efficiency of Korea's seven middle-sized seaports and their Malmquist productivity from 1998 to 2007. Under the assumption of CRS(constant returns to scale) and VRS(variable returns to scale), seaports' ranking of efficiency are measured. Kunsan Port is confirmed as a middle-performed port in the various measurements. Important finding facts are as follows. 1)Kunsan Port has the efficiency level from 53% to 57% of efficient ports' level under the assumption of CRS and VRS. 2)In terms of average efficiency level, the gap among these 7 seports' efficiency levels has been widened during the period from 1998 to 2007. 3)Kunsan Port has shown the characteristics of DRS more frequently in terms of returns to scale. 4) Kunsan Port's average total factor productivity has been lower at the rate of 0.7% during the period from 1998 to 2007. 5)Kunsan Port has shown technical progress at the rate of 3.1% in this period. In future research the more and better data will be expected to improve the understanding of Korean seaports' efficiency characteristics.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.61-90
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• 2016

This study aims to identify the sources of productivity change in export manufacturing firms. After estimating the Malmquist productivity index, a panel regression was used to calculate the source of productivity change. Upon conducting a literature review of this field, six variables were selected as explanatory variables. The results of an analysis of 355 export manufacturing firms operating from 2009 through 2015 are as follows: First, both innovation activity and total assets had a positive impact on productivity change. However, employment cost intensity, equity ratio, and current ratio had a negative impact on productivity change in export manufacturing firms. Second, innovation activity and intangible assets had a positive impact on productivity change, but employment cost intensity, selling expense intensity, and equity ratio had a negative impact on productivity change in large export manufacturing firms. Third, innovation activity had a positive impact on productivity change, but employment cost intensity and equity ratio had a negative impact on productivity change in small and medium export manufacturing firms. Fourth, intangible assets had a positive impact on productivity change, but employment cost intensity, selling expense intensity, and current ratio had a negative impact on productivity change in export manufacturing firms listed on the Korea Composite Stock Price Index. Fifth, innovation activity and total assets had a positive impact on productivity change, but employment cost intensity and equity ratio had a negative impact on productivity change in manufacturing firms listed on the Korean Securities Dealers Automated Quotations. The managerial implications of this study are also discussed.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.115-122
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• 2019

Under the Act No. 21 of 2008, Islamic banks in Indonesia as an intermediary institution are obligated to manage the resources simultaneously, the financial funds as well as the social funds, e.g. zakah, infaq, and sadaqah. This study aims to investigate the productivity change of social funds and financial funds of Islamic Banks in Indonesia. Non-parametric tests of Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) is applied to annual data from period 2012 to 2017, encompassing post-reform of banking authority from Bank Indonesia to The Financial Services Authority (OJK) at 2012. The samples are nine Islamic banks in Indonesia which were able to provide the data during observation period. The results indicate that social funds are more productive than financial funds and productivity change tends to trade off. The productivity of social funds is progressed by 8.2% while the financial funds is regressed by 5.4%. Overall, the productivity change of Islamic banks is influenced by technological aspect rather than the efficiency aspect. Besides, BRI Syariah is the best performer in managing financial funds while BCA Syariah as the best performer in social funds. It implies that the policymakers may strengthen the supervisory and coaching to increase the Islamic banks' productivity in both activities.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.186-197
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• 2016

This study applied the parametric bootstrapping method to analyze whether there was a change in the production efficiency of institutions under Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries. This study used input and output oriented productivity simultaneously. In particular, the productivity was estimated through 95% confidence interval derived by 2000 times re-sampling process. The results of the study showed us a reduction in overall total factor productivity by 24% between 2009 and 2013, and 7% of decreases in productivity annually. A recent conditions of an external economic shocks brought a 28% downward shift of production function. In this study, public institutions were divided into three types, which were public, quasi-government, and other public institutions. There were approximately 13%, 1%, and 5% decreases in total factor productivity per each. In analyzing the productivity each of 14 institutions, approximately DMU4 and DMU6 had 4%, and 5% increases in productivity per each. While DMU14 showed us no changes in productivity, all of the other 10 DMUs were estimated the decreases in productivities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.325-334
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• 2011

Market Environment around water work industry is rapidly changing. ISO, International Organization for Standardization, announced the international water work service standard for comparison and evaluation between nations and businesses. And developed countries in water work are introducing market principle for growth of nation's water industry and reinforcement of its competitiveness. Also, some local governments entrusted their water utilities for improvement of competitiveness of water work. However, as some failure cases from overseas came out with emphasis, there are many refuting perspective about entrusted operation achievements of domestic water market. Hence, this paper evaluated competitiveness of domestic local water utilities from the perspective of productivity. After evaluating productivity using Malmquist productivity index, the authors compared and analyzed whether there is a difference of productivity between two different operating types by using Mann-Whitney test. As a result of analysis, it has shown that local water utilities achieved higher productivity at entrusted operation type rather than direct operation type. The local water utilities which chose entrusted operation had increased the productivity 13.9% on total factor productivity(TFP) during experimenting period, while the local water utilities which chose direct operation had increased 0.2%. The background of achieving this high productivity in entrusted operation was analyzed as a result of the higher technological effectiveness of a special water company. The result of this study can be referred when local government needs to decide on what operating types they will use.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.255-262
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• 2013

Due to the competition between the various professional events, it is imperative for the team's management to improve efficiency by removing the inefficiencies of the professional team in order to gain a competitive edge. This study use different Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models to measure the efficiency of professional sport organizations. In this mathematical-analytical study, this study first reviews the related literature to analyze the input/output variables. In the end, the variables were detected and the data for this study were gathered from the Korean Basketball League (KBL). While previous studies examine relative efficiency of Korean Professional baseball teams by using CCR model, this study fully utilize the DEA method to investigate Korean professional sports organizations' operating problem. Thus, this study propose full results of DEA analysis such as efficiency score (overall, technical, and scale efficiency), slacks in inputs and outputs of inefficient organizations, Malmquist index) As a result, this study provides not only the exact productivity information of a team and a way of improving a firm's productivity with a decision maker.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.542-547
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• 2009

The objective of this paper is to measure the relative technical efficiency of Korean railway transport service. Previous studies on the efficiency in Korean railway service have carried out before the structural reform of Korean railway industry in 2004, whereas this study used the latest data which reflected the impact of reform. We analyzed the efficiency in Korean railway transport by means of measuring the technical efficiencies of other countries, these were estimated with data envelopment analysis. Using data from 22 railway operators over the period $2000{\sim}2006$, the results indicate that the Korean railway transport has been operated efficiently as compared with others.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.183-190
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• 2010

This paper selects length of berth, area of yard, unloading capacity and number of berth as the input indexes, and cargo turnover as output index to research the source of TFP(Total Factor Productivity) growth of 23 main ports in Korea. The major conclusions are as follows. The TFP of the trade ports in Korea is at the fluctuating stage, but it generally displays a rising trend, and it’s growth originate from the growth of technical efficiency. The Growth rates of TFP of trade ports in the different areas are different, and the sources of growth are also different, but the changing trends are basically the same. Four major factors to the increase of TFP are following: competition between ports, reform of property system, harbor-hinterland economic and international trade, modeling, imitation and innovation in management, technology and system.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.341-343
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• 2015

We present an analysis of the relation between star-formation (SF) and accretion luminosities of local type-2 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at $0.01{\leq}z<0.22$. We match type-2 AGNs found in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to current far-infrared (FIR) survey catalogues based on AKARI and Herschel. Estimating AGN luminosities from [$O{\small{III}}$]${\lambda}5007$ and [$O{\small{I}}$]${\lambda}6300$ emission lines, we find a positive linear trend between FIR and AGN luminosities over a wide dynamical range. This result appears to be inconsistent with recent reports that low-luminosity AGNs show no correlation between FIR and X-ray luminosities; this contradiction is likely due to Malmquist and sample selection biases. Moreover, we also find that pure-AGN candidates, for which the FIR radiation is thought to be AGN-dominated, show significant low-SF activities. These AGNs hosted by low-SF galaxies are rare in our sample. However, it is possible that the low fraction of low-SF AGN is caused by observational limitations, as recent FIR surveys are not sufficient to examine the population of high-luminosity AGNs hosted by low-SF galaxies.