• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.187-192
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• 2012

Objectives Although antipsychotic drug clozapine has superior efficacy, this is hampered by metabolic side effects such as weight gain and diabetes. Recent studies demonstrate that clozapine induces insulin resistance. However, the identity and location of insulin resistance induced by clozapine has not been clarified. In this study, the effect of clozapine on central insulin response was investigated in rats. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats received intraperitoneal injection of clozapine or vehicle, which was followed by intracerebroventricular injection of insulin or its vehicle. The effects of clozapine on insulin-induced changes in blood glucose level and Akt phosphorylation in hypothalamus were investigated. Results Intraperitoneal injection of clozapine (20 mg/kg) increased blood glucose in rats. Intracerebroventricular injection of insulin reduced blood glucose in rats, which was blunted by pretreatment of clozapine. Accompanied with the antagonistic effect of clozapine to central insulin action in terms of blood glucose, clozapine inhibited the insulin-induced phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473 in rat hypothalamus. Conclusion Administration of clozapine inhibited the central insulin-induced changes in blood glucose and Akt phosphorylation in rat hypothalamus. These findings suggest that hypothalamus could be the site of action for the clozapine-induced insulin resistance.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.88-102
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• 2003

In our culture, the term, "be like", is frequently used. There are expressions such as "feminine-looking dress" and "manly style" relating to this term when we describe the styles of clothing. This study addresses the question on which type of garment would be selected under the description of the term, "be-like", in relation to gender. This term reveals the preconception of gender as being feminine or masculine according to the styles and colors of clothes. A group of 362 college students from Seoul and Gyeonggi area was surveyed fur the study The statistical analysis of SPSS 10.0 was applied f3r analyzing the data, and the significant variances were reviewed by the basic statistics, multi-variate and T-test. The results are as follows: First, the details of clothes imply the preconceived idea of gender. As a result, women's blouses and skirts were selected as the most feminine upper and bottom garments. The Y-shirt and T-shirt were selected as the most masculine upper garments. However, in contrast to the . skirts being the most feminine bottom wear, the pants were not significantly recognized as the most masculine ,clothes. Second, the variances of the survey show that the female students are more conscious of the sexual identity expressed in clothes than the male students. Third, the styles of clothes reflect the general understanding of what is considered to be "feminine or not feminine" and "masculine or not masculine" In conclusion, this study has discovered that the certain characteristics of gender are predominantly implicated in the styles length, and color of clothes. Both men and women responded differently in defining their idea of "femininity" and "masculinity". Nevertheless, there still exists strong preconception of what is considered to be feminine or masculine, and it affects the choices people make in selecting clothes.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.446-462
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• 2020

The objectives of this study are to explore the information source, assessment, and preferred styles of 3D virtual influencers(VI), to investigate the expected impact of advertisements with 3D VIs on brands, and to explore ways of expanding the use of 3D VIs. In-depth interviews with 40 males and females in their 20s and 30s were conducted and qualitative data were analyzed. The study results are summarized as follows. First, the information source of the 3D VI was SNS, acquaintances, and broadcasting. Second, 3D VIs were considered positively due to their attractive appearance, wide utilization, innovative use, freshness, separation from private identity, and time and cost savings, while considered negatively due to their unrealistic appearance and antipathy against replacing a person's role. Third, the preferred appearance styles of the 3D VI differed according to the level of virtuality although the majority of interviewees preferred similar looks to real people with low virtuality. Fourth, diverse image qualities such as innovative, differentiated, trendy, high-value, professional, and future-oriented were considered as transferred to the brand advertised by 3D VIs. Fifth, advertisements with 3D VIs may help build positive perceptions of advertised brands that may lead to purchase behaviors for some consumers. Lastly, to expand the use of 3D VIs, the specific advantages of virtual models should be maximized with consideration of how to implement a variety of body types and images of models. Findings present an important foundation to generate strategies to better apply 3D VIs to the fashion market.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.30
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• pp.211-225
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• 1996

In this paper we discuss the corelation be-tween feminism and fashion and examine its influnce on mordern fashion. And we also try to infer what the fashion design will be like in the future by understanding the value of modern fashion from a new viewpoint. The Early Feminism which advocated the similarity between man and women held the thought that women could be equal to men only when they behaved in the same way as men did, In 1970s when the pendulum of the Early Feminism movement reached its highest point a manish look began to flourish. The manish look introduced the items once employed only for men such as trench costs tidy tailored suits shirts and ties to women clothes. It has taken root deeply in women's life and is still employed in various ways by many designers. From the late 1970s the pendulum of feminism movement began to swing toward the Essentialist Feminism which emphasized the differences between men and women. It focused not on the negative image of women seen from male-oriented viewpoints but on their positive image and stressed women's sexual characteristic to make distinction between two genders. in fashion the Essentialist Feminism played a role in bringing about a sexy look which stressed the erotic silhouette of woman's body. The latest feminism is the socio-cultural one. It sees the distinction between men and women as sexual discrimination and introduces the androgynous human which carries the characteristic of two sexes. it leads to ambiguity of sex roles and at the same time serves to make androgynous social atmosphere by admitting the coexistence of two genders. The androgynous idea in fashion is expressed as a new trend which crosses men and women's own beauty while keeping their own identity intact. As we have briefly reviewed feminism in fashion has been presented in various ways with regard to expressing the nature of men and women. And it has continuously indicated the ultimate message of the salvation of mankind such as the respect for humanity and recovery of humanism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.7
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• pp.1-13
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to review changes of gender identity of men as a sexual role changes and their cognition on fashion and to analyze changes and features of their fashion required in the diversified era and suggest implications for future men's fashion design. To understand a correlation between a change of men's gender styles and fashion and aesthetic features and differences by gender style, this study analyzed significant brands of the men's design market. The results of this study are as followings. First, metrosexual and uebersexual were mixed in the 1990's and the 2000's. The ratio of uebersexual in the 1990's was higher as three times as metrosexual. On the other hand, the ratio of metrosexual in the 2000's was higher than uebersexual by about 3.5%. It implicates that there were significant changes in design of men's clothes between the 1990's and the 2000's. Second, aesthetic properties and differences of metrosexual and uebersexual obtained from the survey. Metrosexual fashion uses almost all details and has no limit in using materials and accessories. The other side, uebersexual fashion rarely has details. In conclusion, this study showed that the relationship between male and fashion on the social and cultural phenomena. which have been recognized that there is a low correlation, is being newly established as a sexual role changes by gender.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.45-62
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• 2012

This study aims to examine the effect of talent types on the purchasing behaviour of beauty-service products in 367 adults(female and male). The present study is the first to consider both talent types and the purchasing behaviour of beauty-service products correlates to appearance management behaviour. Frequency analysis showed that the mean of 8 talent types of 367 participants was 3.324. The highest talent type of 367 participants was interpersonal talent, the lowest talent type was logical-mathematical talent among 8 talent types. There were statistically significant relationships between the talent types(specially, bodily-kinesthetic talent and interpersonal talent) and the purchasing criteria of beauty-service products on the correlation analysis. And the effects of 8 talent types on the purchasing frequency of 4 beauty-service products were significant on the regression analysis, specifically, the results showed that the most significant among 8 talent factors was the interpersonal talent, next, the bodily-kinesthetic was. Thus, the more purchasing frequency of beauty-services products, the higher interpersonal talent were, and the better affinity with others were. As a results, the interpersonal talent factor and bodily-kinesthetic talent factor among 8 talent factors were ultimately affecting the appearance management behaviour. The higher the score, it was concluded that the subject was more active in beauty-related behavior. Conclusively, the appearance is a form of personal asset for one's self-fulfillment, and strong and beautiful appearance is a medium to improve self-esteem and dominance. It is possessing a significant influence in personal satisfaction, self-identity, and social success.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.5 s.58
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• pp.193-201
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• 2006

In according as the social action of women is active, the average life span is longer than male, not only woman's social position is higher, but also the construction of the more professional woman special hospital Is increased. In occasion to the recent woman special hospital, give medical treatment about pediatrics and the breast surgery as well, and the sphere is increasing as compose the variety network, from the health medical center to check the woman's physical to the postpartum care center. The trend of the lobby is arranged the more service area as the concept of the woman hospital is changed, the sphere is increasing. Accordingly, this study research and analyze the service zone and design elements on the focus the lobby of the internal woman special hospital, have an intention of guideline about the interior design of the after woman hospital. As the subject of study, selected the hospital that lobby serves to show the identity of total space, and the woman special hospital that is introduced to the relation journal with architecture or interior design, is opened after 2000 years, below the 100 bed. As the study method, understand the composition of lobby space through floor analysis, examination by the visit, analyzed the arrangement constituent, the design trend. The direction of lobby space mentioned in the study result is that secure the publicness, guarantee the privacy zone, and is important that the adequate arrangement of commercial space contribute to client's mental stability, desire that inflected as the more positive communication place.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.88-96
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• 2014

This study attempts, based on the premise that gender roles and identity is a social construct, to show how TV portrayal of the male has changed through the years with changes in time and society, from the traditional depiction of hegemonic masculinity and ideal manhood as supported by the patriarchal system. A narrative analysis was conducted on popular variety shows "Dad, Where Are We Going?" and "Superman Returns". The results showed that both TV shows created a new type of masculinity by centering the narrative on the traditionally female roles of child rearing and housekeeping, and recreating the traditional strict and authoritative father figure into a non-authoritative and emotionally expressive father. However, as 'child rearing' and 'housekeeping' is expressed as 'play', there are limitations in that the actual daily lives and hardship of women is excluded from the narrative.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.67-81
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• 2009

Body shape of a child in elementary school is distinguished by physical differences in the form of low weight, normal weight and obesity, which are influenced by various periodic environments. In particular, there are hardly any patterns for obese children in elementary school to choose. To this end, the purpose of this study is to supplement the problems with the production lines of the companies for children's patterns as well as an analysis on the physical characteristics of obese children and to suggest the patterns appropriate to obese children. This study employed obese children from the 3rd- to 5th-grade elementary school students whose number has been rapidly increasing and conducted a questionnaire regarding the draft of the patterns for obese children on their mothers and the makers of children's clothing. Based on the results, the study compared and analyzed ordinary children's patterns to the patterns in question by suggesting a dimension system for Korean obese children. The results are as follows. The obesity rate of the children in elementary school has been grown in significant numbers every year, whereas obese children's sense of self-identity and degree of satisfaction with their patterns appeared to be much lower than other ordinary children in the peer group; also, the satisfaction level their mothers with their children's patterns appeared to be low. In order to verify the degree of the children's satisfaction with their patterns, the study suggested a dimension system for the obese children and displayed appropriateness by comparing the children patterns from ordinary companies and the patterns in question.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.24
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• pp.83-105
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• 2011

The term "ya-o-ii" which is referred as a homosexual comics in Korea came from Japan and it became one of popular genres in both Japan and Korea's comics market. People create yo-o-ii with their own idea or borrow male characters from the pre-existed comics or animation and create a whole new story. Homosexual comics which is based on teenage readers deals with sex and focuses on homosexuality. For that reason it reflects social phenomenon than general material for comics. Before we focus on influence of homosexual comics on teenagers and social phenomenon, this study is for fundamental understanding on homosexual comics itself. In order to look into current state of homosexual comics, the survey was conducted at "Comic World" which is well known as the biggest offline comic event in Korea. This study analyzes range of age and awareness of readers of homosexual comics on the basis of the survey. Hopefully, this study helps better understand an influence of homosexual comics on teenage readers with problem of sex identity and contribute to the study of market segmentations of homosexual comics.