• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.23 no.1 s.72
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• pp.86-91
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• 1995

Isoenzymatic analysis related with cadmium adaptation and detoxifying mechanism were carried out upon Rhizopus oryzae. When cadmium was added into R. oryzae culture, activities of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) related with carbohydrate metabolizing pathways were stimulated. Novel isoenzyme CAT-2 related with removing intracellular toxic peroxides, was induced lately and derepressed very highly. On the other hand, lactate-catabolizing enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) were repressed. These results strongly suggest that, under cadmium stress, much of derepression of enzymes relating with central metabolism such as TCA cycle that produces high yield of energy and relating with removal of toxic peroxides should be necessary.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.210-213
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• 1988

Several reversion colonies were obtained after induced transfer of the isolated nuclei from P. sapidus into protoplast of P. ostreatus$({Arg}^-)$. These colonies showed three distinct cultural characteristics, type 1 produced spontaneous segregants of both parental types, type 2 showed segregants of non parental types, and type 3 gave rise to homogeneous colonies. Isozyme patterns of esterase, malate dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase showed substantial differences between parents and nuclei transferred strains. This observation supported that the isolated nuclei of P. sapidus were transferred into protoplast of P. ostreatus and expressed in recipient cell.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.298-303
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• 2007

A halophilic bacterium, H. subglaciescola DH-1, grew at 2.0 M salinity, but did not grow at 0.8 M salinity when cultivated at higher temperature ($40^{\circ}C$) than optimum ($30^{\circ}C$). When the cell extract of strain DH-1 was heated at $50^{\circ}C$ for 60 min in the absence of NaCl, isocitrate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase lost their activities, but when it was heated in the presence of 2.0 M NaCl, the activity was maintained. Meanwhile, the cell extract of E. coli did not catalyze the reduction of $NAD^+$ to NADH coupled with the oxidation of isocitrate and malate at higher salinities than 1.0 M. The pH range for DH-1 was 7 to 10, and that for E. coli was 5 to 9. DH-1 was not grown in conditions with sodium salts other than NaCl.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.624-629
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• 2000

A simple and rapid homogeneous enzyme-linked binding assay for mistletoe lectin I(ML I) was developed using a coupled enzyme system of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and D-galactose. A highly substituted MDH-galactose conjugate was prepared by employing an isothiocyanate method for formation of thiourea bond. In the presence of ML I, ML I inhibits the activity of the conjugate based on the ML I/D-galactose specific interaction. Thus, the concentration of ML I can be related to the homogeneous inhibition of the MDH-galactose conjugate. Using this method. ML I can be measured at the level of microgram per milliliter within 10 minutes.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2008

The fsrA gene in Bacillus subtilis has an analogous role of ryhB in E. coli and is controlled under fur, the iron regulator gene. At high concentration of iron the transcription of ryhB is repressed by fur and ryhB is transcribed under low concentration of iron. To spare iron produced ryhB small RNA represses the expression of sdhCDAB (succinate dehydrogenase). This study shows the growth rate of Bacillus subtilis strain of fur and fur/fsrA deletion mutants using organic acids of TCA cycle as carbon source. Mutant strain of fur does not grow well with succinate carbon source, but further deletion of fsrA regain to the growth of wild type strain. Also, nearly same results were observed with citrate and fumarate. These results are consistent to those of E. coli system. But fur and fur/fsrA deletion mutants grow well as much as the growth of wild type with malate carbon source. These results showed that upstream genes of succinate of TCA cycle are repressed by fsrA, but downstream of succinate are not repressed by fsrA.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 1995

Embryogenic cell (EC) suspension cultures derived from mature seed-embryo of rice (Oryza sativa L cv. Kye Hwa) were used for the expression patterns of isozyme and enzyme activity. EC suspension cultures were composed of cells that were densely cytoplasmic, potentially embryogenic. However, nonembryogenic cell (NEC) cultures were composed of large, elongated and vacuolated cells. These cells were analyzed for the isozyme pattern and enzyme activity of EC and NEC. Isozyme patterns of peroxidase, esterase, acid phosphatase and malate dehydrogenase exhibited striking difference in the total number of bands, specificity and intensity of band. Also, these isozymes showed very high activity in the EC. Specific band, band activity and higher enzyme activity of isozyme in EC was absent or low in NEC, which may indicate an association of these specific isozymes with morphological characterization and totipotency of embryogenic cells. These results indicate that specific pattern and activity of enzyme in EC could probably be used as a biochemical marker of EC in rice.n rice.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.199-207
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• 1988

The study was intended to know any relations between the rice tolerance to oxyfluorfen and varietal speciation in seed protein composition or any enzymatical allelies with or without chemical treatment. Rice varieties used were Chokoto, Aichiasahi, Agabyeo, IR 3941 and Tablei as the tolerant group, and Mushakdanti, Weld Pally, HP 1033, HP 857, and HP 907 as the susceptible, respectively. Electrophoretic methods used were SDS-PAGE for seed protein, 7% PAGE for isozymes (acid phosphatase and peroxidase from rice seedling) and changes in isoenzyme activity (malate dehydrogenase, peroxidase and esterase) as affected by oxyfluorfen treatment ($10^{-4}M$) was also studied. The results are summarized as follows. -Among 19 bands separated in seed proteins, two different rice groups selected in terms of tolerance were clustered in dissimilarity. This was based on 2 facts in that G band was not present in susceptible varieties and that less activity of H, N, O, P, Q, Rand S band was shown. -Among 4 bands separated in acid phosphatase, the presence of (band and lower activity of B band was specific for tolerant varieties. For 4 minor bands separated in peroxidase, the tolerant varieties had no activity in B band and higher activity in A, C, D bands. -Time-course study of isozymes as affected by $10^{-4}M$ oxyfluorfen showed that Chokoto, the tolerant varieties, had little activity in A band and consistently higher activities in Band C bands for malate dehydrogenase. For 5 bands separated in peroxidase, B band was not found in Chokoto while A, C, D, and E bands were consistently present. Esterase was separated into about 4 bands in which Chokoto had maintained higher activities in A, C and D bands.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.81-92
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• 1996

This study was conducted to characterize mulberry varieties by the analysis of morphological characters as well as biochemical and molecular biological markers. As for the budding stage Geumsang, Chosang i and Yeongbyeonchuwoo were early, but Dangsang 6, Hwangchuwoo were late. The lowest varietiy in rate of death atop was Dangsang 8(0.0%). Suncheonppong was the highest leaf yields in spring and autumn rearing season. In biochemical isozyme analysis, peroxidase gave good zymogram patterns in isoelectric focusing electrophoresis. There were high variations in RAPD analysis among the mulberry trees. From the obtained peroxidase and RAPD variations, cluster phylogenetic analysis was carried out using NT-SYS PC program. There were no clear grouping patterns between native varieties and leading varieties. The highest similarity was observed between Suwonsang 1 and Suwonsang 2 at about 90% similarity level.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.331-340
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• 1995

Interstrain polymorphisms of isoenzyme profiles and mitochondrial (Mt) DNA fingerprints were observed among seven strains of Acnnthnmoeba isolated from different sources and morphologically assigned to A. polvphngn. Mt DNA ringerprints by eight restriction endonucleases (Bgl II, Sca I, Cla I, EcoR I, Xbo I, Kpn I, Sal I, and Sst I) revealed considerable interstrain polymorphisms . Isoenzyme profiles revealed considerable interstrain polymorphisms for acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase while those for glucose phosphate isomerase , leucine aminopeptidase , and malate dehydrogenase showed similarity Despite of the interstrain polymorphisms, the isoengyme profiles and Mt DNA fingerprints of the strain Ap were found to be identical with those of the strain .tones . Mt DNA fingerprinting was found to be highly applicable for the strain identification, characterization, and differentiation. Key words: Acanthnmoebn polyphcga, interstrain polymorphism, isoenzyme profiles , Mt DNA fingerprints, strain differentiation, strain identification.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.83-88
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• 1994

For the purpose of genetic stock indentification of three species of salmonid fishs and their hybrid, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), malate dehydrogenase(MDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase(IDH), a-gylycerophosphate dehydrogenase(a-GPDH), malic enzyme(ME), 6-phospho-gluconate dehydrogenase(6-PGD), phosphoglucose isomerase(PGI) and phospho-glucomutase(PGM) from skeletal muscle, liver, heart and gill tissues in all three species were analyzed. Chum and masu salmon showed no polymorphic patterns in all isozyme loci, however rainbow trout were found to have polymorphic patterns at MDH-B, LDH and IDH loci. Especially, significant differences were found at MDH-B loci between the three species and the IDH patterns of rainbow trout were also different from the other two species. These loci therefore can be utilized as efficient genetic markers for the identification of hybrids and improve the efficiency of fish breeding. There was no difference except PGI between diploid and triploid isozyme patterns but PGI showed some potential as a marker for triploid in masu salmon.