• Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.39-45
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• 2000

A small camera module fabricated by including bare chip bonding methods is utilized to realize advanced mobile devices. One of the driving forces is the TOG (Tape On Glass) bonding method which reduces the packaging size of the image sensor clip. The TOG module is a new thinner and smaller image sensor module, using flip chip interconnection method with the ACP (Anisotropic Conductive Paste). The TOG production process was established by determining the optimum bonding conditions for both optical glass bonding and image sensor clip bonding lo the flexible PCB. The bonding conditions, including sufficient bonding margins, were studied. Another bonding method is the flip chip bonding method for DSP (Digital Signal Processor) chip. A new AC\ulcorner was developed to enable the short resin curing time of 10 sec. The bonding mechanism of the resin curing method was evaluated using FEM analysis. By using these flip chip bonding techniques, small camera module was realized.

• BMB Reports
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.359-365
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• 2000

Ribozymes are catalytic RNAs that can cleave RNAs at specific sites, thus they have been employed to degrade a target mRNA in vivo. Development of allosterically controllable ribozymes is of great current interest, but it remained difficult to furnish such functions to ribozymes in cultured cells or in animals. Recently, we designed allosterically controllable ribozymes termed maxizymes, which have sensor arms that recognize target mRNA sequences and, in the presence of such target sequences only, they form a cavity that can capture catalytically indispensable $Mg^{2+}$ ions, cleaving the target. The maxizyme was applied to therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). It cleaved specifically the chimeric BCR-ABL mRNA, which caused CML, without damaging the normal ABL or BCR mRNA in mammalian cells and also in mice, providing the first successful example for allosteric control of the activity of artificial ribozymes in vivo.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1349-1364
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• 2006

An analytic approach that provides explicit estimates of risk on cataract and epilation data is evaluated by reasonableness of conceivable relative risk models regarding a simple, odds, logistic or Gompertz regression method, assuming a binomial distribution. In these analyses, we apply relative risk models with two thresholds between epilators and nonepilators from a highly characteristic lesion of which radiation cataract does not occur around 2 gray for a single acute exposure. The risk models are fitted to the data assuming 10 as a constant relative biological effectiveness of neutron. The likelihood of observing the entire data set in these models fitted is evaluated by an individual binary-response array. Estimation of a threshold with or without severe epilation and the 100 ($1-\alpha$)% confidence limits are derived from the maximum likelihood approach. The relative risk model with two thresholds can be expressed as a formula with structure of Background $\times$ RR, where RR includes threshold models with or without epilation. The radiosensitivity of ionizing radiation to cataracts has been examined for the relationship between epilators and nonepilators.

• BMB Reports
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.633-638
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• 2005

Biosynthesis of prostanoids is regulated by three sequential enzymatic steps, namely phospholipase $A_2$ enzymes, cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, and various lineage-specific terminal prostanoid synthases. Prostaglandin E synthase (PGES), which isomerizes COX-derived $PGH_2$ specifically to $PGE_2$, occurs in multiple forms with distinct enzymatic properties, expressions, localizations and functions. Two of them are membrane-bound enzymes and have been designated as mPGES-1 and mPGES-2. mPGES-1 is a perinuclear protein that is markedly induced by proinflammatory stimuli, is down-regulated by anti inflammatory glucocorticoids, and is functionally coupled with COX-2 in marked preference to COX-1. Recent gene targeting studies of mPGES-1 have revealed that this enzyme represents a novel target for anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer drugs. mPGES-2 is synthesized as a Golgi membrane-associated protein, and the proteolytic removal of the N-terminal hydrophobic domain leads to the formation of a mature cytosolic enzyme. This enzyme is rather constitutively expressed in various cells and tissues and is functionally coupled with both COX-1 and COX-2. Cytosolic PGES (cPGES) is constitutively expressed in a wide variety of cells and is functionally linked to COX-1 to promote immediate $PGE_2$ production. This review highlights the latest understanding of the expression, regulation and functions of these three PGES enzymes.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2005

Micro sensor is very useful for flow measurements in a number of engineering applications. Especially, it is necessary for the development of MEMS. This paper presents the 3D numerical simulation of flows around a micro flow sensor, which is mounted on a flat plate. The effects of the sensor configuration (i.e. bottom gap) and the Reynolds number on the flow field are numerically investigated. The numerical results indicate that the bottom gap clearly affects the flow fields over the top surface of the sensor. The Reynolds numbers also show a significant influence on the flow nature, especially on the recirculation zone at downstream of the sensor. The present results illustrate a certain improvement on the flow field for the sensor installed at O.5mm above the wall with four pillars, comparing with that directly mounted on the wall.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.317-342
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• 2017

The US dollar has kept as a position of key currency in the global economy in the changing international monetary system where the euro was introduced to some states of the EU in 1999. It is an evidence of inertia of the US dollar as a key currency. Our previous study (Ogawa and Muto, 2017b) conducted empirical analysis to investigate effects of several events on inertia of the US dollar. One of our findings was that the introduction of the euro increased utility of euro while utility of US dollar was kept unchanged. This paper examines the effects of the global financial crisis and the euro zone crisis as well as the introduction of the euro on the utility of the Japanese yen. The introduction of the euro significantly decreased the utility of the Japanese yen. It indicates that the introduction of the euro increased the utility of the euro while reducing the utility of the Japanese yen rather than the utility of the US dollar. The utility of the Japanese yen has significantly decreased while the global financial crisis and the euro zone crisis occurred. The Japanese yen has a declining trend in terms of its utility over time in the changing international monetary system.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2020

This study examines the effect of financial reporting opacity and audit quality on stock price crash risk using listed firms in Japan. This study is the first research to examine the effect of financial reporting opacity on crash risk using a Japanese listed company. Furthermore, the effect of audit quality on crash risk is verified. High level auditors can mitigate crash risk by playing a role as a corporate governance device mechanism to reduce agency costs. We use a logistic regression and linear regression model to test whether financial reporting opacity and audit quality affect crash risk using listed firms in the Japanese stock exchange market during the fiscal years 2015 January through 2017 February. The results of this study suggest that the financial reporting opacity variable shows a positive relationship with CRASH, which states that a firm with more opaque financial reporting increases crash risk. The results suggest also that the firms audited by Big4 auditors experience less crash risk, implying that the audit quality in Japan can be one of the factors mitigating firm's crash risk. This study provides implications for financial reporting and audit quality to external stakeholders who wants to avoid losses.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.394-397
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• 2006

Gridded products of surface wind/wind-stress over the world ocean have been constructed by using satellite scatterometer as the Japanese Ocean Flux data sets with Use of Remote-sensing Observation (J-OFURO) data. Our previous validation study in the tropical Pacific using TAO/Triton and NDBC buoys revealed high reliability of our products. In this study, the Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) buoy data are used for validation of other gridded wind-stress products including the NCEP-1 and 2 in the western North Pacific region where there have been few in-situ data. Results reveal that our J-OFURO product has almost zero mean difference and smallest root-mean-square (RMS) difference, while the NCEP-1 and 2 ones significantly positive biases and relatively high RMS difference. Intercomparison between the J-OFURO and NCEP products in a wide region of the North Pacific covered by the westerly winds exhibits that the NCEPs have larger magnitudes in the wind stress than the J-OFURO's, suggesting overestimation of the NCEPs.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.342-345
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• 2005

This paper describes dynamics analysis of a small training boat and a new type of ship's autopilot not only to keep her course but also to reduce her roll motion. Firstly, statistical analysis through multi-variate auto regressive model is carried out using the real data collected from the sea trial on an actual small training boat Sazanami after the navigational system of the boat was upgraded. It is shown that the roll motion is strongly influenced by the rudder motion and it is suggested that there is a possibility of reducing the roll motion by controlling the rudder order properly. Based on this observation, a new type of ship's autopilot that takes the roll motion into account is designed using the muti-variate modern control theory. Lastly, digital simulations by white noise are carried out in order to evaluate the proposed system and a typical result is demonstrated. As results of simulations, the proposed autopilot had good performance compared with the original data.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.163-170
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• 2004

The effect of immune activation by Echinacea purpurea was investigated by measuring total immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM. and the radioprotective effect of immune activation by Echinacea purpurea was investigated by measuring T lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of mice following whole body irradiation. Echinacea purpurea activated macrophages to stimulate $IFN-{\gamma}$ production in association with the secondary activation of T lymphocytes, resulting in a decrease in IgG and IgM production. Cytokines released from macrophages in mouse peripheral blood after Echinacea purpurea administration activated helper T cells to proliferate. In addition, activated macrophages in association with the secondary T lymphocyte activation increased $IFN-{\gamma}$ production and stimulated proliferation of cytotoxic T cells and suppressor T cells, indicating the activation of cell-mediated immune responses.