• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.283-290
• /
• 2015

Crack control remains a primary concern for mass concrete structures, where the majority of cracking is caused by temperature changes during the hydration process. One-time pouring is a useful construction method for mass concrete structures. The suitability of this method for constructingon of the Shanghai Tower's mass concrete foundation slab of Shanghai Tower is considered here by a numerical simulation method based on a 6- meter- thick slab. Some of the conclusions, which can be verified by monitoring results conducted during construction, are as follows. The temperature gradient is greater in the vertical direction than in the radial direction, therefore, the vertical temperature gradient should be carefully considered for the purpose of crack control. Moreover, owing to cooling conditions at the surfaces and the cement mortar content of the slab, the temperatures and temperature gradients with respect to time vary according to the position within the slab.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.11-24
• /
• 1976

This study was a part of large scale of a prospective study on attitudes of professional students in medicine, nursing and teaching toward population related issues in Korea. The study was first conducted in May 1974 and then in May 1975 for the 1974 class cohot using a questionaire consisted of attitude scales and other items developed by Lee. The purpose of stuay was twohold, namely, to determine the difference in students among specializations on one hand and between the first and second years in the 1974 class cohot regarding tile subject matter. A one-way analysis of variance was used for attitude scale, and absolute and relative frequency were computed for the analysis of non-attitude scale items by employing Fishers' Ratio and Duncan's multiple range test at 5% level and chi square test at 5% level as significance tests. The hypothesis 'students in health profession are more likely to have positive attitudes toward population related issues progressively as class year advances than students in teaching profession' was tested and the following results were obtained: 1) Nursing students were more likely to display favarable attitudes toward family planning than medical or teaching students although the class cohot showed slightly negative improvement in the second year. Medical and teaching students apperaed to have slightly improved attitudes in the second year. 2) Respondents in general perceived national family planning program as a means of population control and this tendency was more true among nursing students as the class year advances than two other professional groups of students. Students in teaching profession appeared to perceive it more as a means to improve individual family welfare while health students were likely to see as to improve maternal and child health. This tendency was progressively improved as the class year advanced. 3) The majority of students regardless of their respective specializations believed that family planning program should be directed toward the improvement of individual family welfare. No progressive changes in the class cohot were observed. 4) About the plan to use contraceptives in future, no singnificant differences were observes among different specializations nor in different class years. However, the majority was confirmed to have a plan to use contracepives in future. An increasing proportion of the undecided category was observed, as class year advanced among health students. 5) Students in health profession were found to be more favorable about 'more leisure opportunities' as motive for limiting number of children whereas education students indicated the reasons as 'facilitate ambitions' and 'economic base' The progressive changes toward positive direction in both groups were observed as the class years advanced. 6) Attitudes toward induced abortions of the health students were observed to be positively related to class years while an inverse relationship was found in teaching students who showed much less favor in the subject matter than health students. This phenomenon may be due to the different exposure to learning environments unique to respective specializations. 7) Health students were found to have more favorable attitudes toward population education in general than the teaching students. The teaching students appeared to have changed more to the negative direction when they became the second year while no such development was observed in health students. The teaching students seemed to hold a very conservative position with regard to sex education in schools. 8) About the equality of sexes, the nursing group was found to be most favorable while the reverse was true in the teaching group. A change in the negative direction as the class year advanced was found in the teaching group. 9) About questions related to fertility values-the 10 percent of respondents regardless of specialization indicated that they would maintain their single status in future, however no change was observed in the second year. The desired number of children was found to be two by the majority of students in nursing, medicine and teaching in order of high proportion. No changes in a different class year were observed. The childless marriage was seen by nursing students as a problem more than other students, but a slight change in positive direction was found when the nursing students became the second year. In summing, as data supported in the above, students in health profession demonstrated more favorable attitudes toward population related issues than the teaching students and this tendency became more apparent in the second year. It was noticed that health students were more conscious about the health aspect of population and family planning program while the teaching students gave more attention to the socioeconomic aspect. The sex variable seemed to have operated in the item related to the equality of sexes. In conclusion, as data presented in the above, the hypothesis of this study was accepted except in the few items. It should be noted that the limitation of this study is the short duration of the observation in measuring the possible attitude changes. It should include curriculum analysis for the respective specializations in order to indentify the area of curriculum impact on students in future study.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.345-360
• /
• 2002

This study was for analysing the sedimentary rock slope stability and providing the reinforcement method that can heighten stability. The study area consists of Cretaceous basalt or basaltic tuff belonging to Hak-Bong Basalt Formation in Ha-Yang Group. Nature of geological structure confirmed in this area ars bedding, joint and fault. Majority of geological structure that affect most relationship rock slope stability is bedding. It is shown that dip direction is 120~160/15~25. In other structure, joint sets are shown that dip direction of set 1 is 310~330/65~85 and set 2 is 230~250/70~85. Joint set 3 shows above 85$^{\circ}$ high angle on NE trend although do not show clear. Stability analysis about rock slope used kinematic analysis, limit equilibrium method and FLAC by numerical analysis method. FLAC is continuum model that use Fintie Defferentce Method, but could use Interfaces Module and get discrete model's analysis effect such as UDEC.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
• /
• 1996.06a
• /
• pp.195-198
• /
• 1996

In this paper, we introduce the notion of the smoothly perfect 8-connected (SP8C) contour and propose a coding technique for the SP8C contours. Based on the contour simplification using the majority filter proposed by Gu[6], SP8C contours are extracted on the contour lattice from the segmented image. By noting that, unlike the perfect 8-connected contours, the SP8C contours are restricted to travel in only 3 different directions along the contours, we also propose two techniques for encoding the SP8C contours. The one is the modified version of the neighbouring direction segment coding by Kandeko[2], while the other is to employ the notion of the entropy coding. From the comparison in terms of the entropy, it is shown that the proposed SP8C contours require les bits in encoding the diagonal contours than the 4-connected contours employed by Gu. And computer simulations reveal that the contours can be efficiently encoded by the proposed technique.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.17 no.8
• /
• pp.1875-1882
• /
• 1993

Variable thickness plates are commonly used as structural members in the majority of industrial sectors. Previous fracture mechanics researches on variable thickness plates were limited to mode I loading cases. In practice, however, cracks are usually located inclined to the loading direction. In this respect, combined mode(mode I/II) stress intensity factors $K_{I}$ and $K_{II}$ at the crack tip for a variable thickness plate were obtained by 3-dimensional finite element analysis. Variable thickness plates containing a slant edge crack were chosen. The parameters used in this study were dimensionless crack $length{\lambda}$, slant $angle{\alpha}$, thickness $ratio{\beta}$ and width ratio{\omega}$. Stress intensity factors were calculated by crack opening displacement(COD) and crack sliding displacement(CSD)method proposed by Ingraffea and Manu.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.69-86
• /
• 1999

One of the conclusions from the researches of the last 40 years on the relationship between technological development and economic growth is that technology is an essential factor in economic growth. A majority of firms in developing countries, including Korea, are small to medium sized, so technology transfers is an alternative to developing in those technologies. Such firms prefer technology transfers over self-development because of time and money savings. This paper analyzes the types and processes of technology transfers and suggests a direction and tasks to establish a technomart through an examination of domestic and foreign case studies. Laws, organizations and institutional aspects which are related to establishing technomart are also discussed.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.76-93
• /
• 1999

One of the conclusions from the research of the last 40 years on the relationship between tech-nological development and economic growth is that "technology is an essential factor in economic growth" A majority of firms in developing countries including Korea are small and medium size so technology transfer is an alternative to developing their own technologies. Firms in developing countries prefer technology transfers over self-development of technology because the former is less costly in time and money. The aim of this paper is to analyse the type and process of the tech-nology transfer and too suggest a direction and tasks in establishing technomart through the domes-tic and foreign case studies. Laws organizations and institutional aspects which are related to es-tablishing technomary were analyzed also in this paper.his paper.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.135-162
• /
• 2013

The majority of experiments to characterize the turbulence in the surface layer have been performed in flat, open expanses. In order to characterize the turbulence in built-up terrain, two mobile towers were deployed during Hurricane Ike (2008) in close proximity, but downwind of different terrain conditions: suburban and open. Due to the significant non-stationarity of the data primarily caused by changes in wind direction, empirical mode decomposition was employed to de-trend the signal. Analysis of the data showed that the along-wind mean turbulence intensity of the suburban terrain was 37% higher than that of the open terrain. For the mean vertical turbulence intensity, the increase for the suburban terrain was as high as 74%, which may have important implications in structural engineering. The gust factor of the suburban terrain was also 16% higher than that of the open terrain. Compared to non-hurricane spectral models, the obtained spectra showed significantly higher energy in low frequencies especially for the open terrain.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.642-649
• /
• 2016

This paper presents a method for conversion of muscular sense into both visual and auditory senses based on synesthetic perception. Muscular sense can be defined by rotation angles, direction changes and motion degrees of human body. Synesthetic interconversion can be made by learning, so that it can be possible to create intentional synesthetic phenomena. In this paper, the muscular sense was converted into both color and sound signals which comprise the great majority of synesthetic phenomena. The measurement of muscular sense was performed by using the AHRS(attitude heading reference system). Roll, yaw and pitch signals of the AHRS were converted into three basic elements of color as well as sound, respectively. The proposed method was finally applied to a wearable device, Samsung gear S, successfully.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.03a
• /
• pp.204-207
• /
• 2008

Stochastic molecular dynamics simulation is a variation of standard molecular dynamics simulation that basically omits water molecules. The omission of water molecules, occupying a majority of space, enables flow simulation at microscale. This study reports our stochastic molecular dynamics simulation of particles diffusing in rectangular microchannels. We interestingly found that diffusion patterns in channels with a very small aspect ratio differ by dimensions. We will also discuss the future direction of our research toward a more realistic simulation of micromixing.