• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.26-34
• /
• 2018

Objectives : This study tried to explore the prevalence of chronic physical diseases in patients with schizophrenia and its effects on total medical costs. Methods : The Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service data in 2014-2015 was employed. Only the injuries and diseases, identically diagnosed 3 times or more as a major or minor injury and disease, were classified into chronic physical diseases to improve data accuracy. Total medical costs included out-of-pocket and insurer's costs from health care system perspective. Results : It was shown that 24.5%, 17.3% and 23.4% of schizophrenia patients had one, two and three or more chronic physical diseases, respectively. There was a high prevalence of not only metabolic, but also musculoskeletal, diseases in those patients. The amount of 2015 total medical costs of patients with schizophrenia in 2014 was about 1.08 trillion won. The factors affecting the costs included sex, age, number of chronic physical diseases, and health insurance status. Conclusions : It is considered that clinical practice guidelines based on personal diseases may not sufficiently solve the problems for comorbidities in schizophrenia patients. Accordingly, it should be required to develop models for new types of medical systems capable of treating and caring varied illnesses at the same time.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.90-96
• /
• 2018

Design techniques for minimizing the damage caused by leakage of $H_2S$ gas, contained in natural gas and petroleum, have been widely studied abroad in chemical plants that purify and process natural gas and petroleum. However, there is no domestic engineering practice and regulation of $H_2S$. In accordance with the circumstances, this study proposes the quantitative criteria of process equipment to install $H_2S$ toxic gas detector as 500 ppm and explains the valid basis. The $H_2S$ gas dispersion radius up to IDLH 100 ppm is calculated by ALOHA under previous $H_2S$ gas leak accident scenario. The weather conditions of modeling include the conditions of Ulsan, Yeosu and Daesan, the three major petrochemical complexes in Korea. The long radius up to 100 ppm was derived in order of Ulsan, Daesan, Yeosu. For emergency safety the dispersion radius up to 100 ppm of the $H_2S$ gas obtained in this study should be extended to apply the additional $H_2S$ toxic gas detector, and local climate conditions should be considered.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.21 no.7
• /
• pp.583-589
• /
• 2020

This study investigated perceptions and opinions on medical personnel related to dental hygienists. The subjects of this study were 25 students, including dentistry students, dental hygiene students, dental technology students, and nursing students. The survey items consisted of general information, the pros and cons of medical hygienists and their reasons, the scope of legal work, medical practice, and the professionalism of dental hygienists. Frequency analysis and 𝑥²-tests were used for the analysis method. As a result of the study, the pros and cons of the dental hygienist's medicalization were 56.2% in favor and 40% in opposition. There were significant differences in the opinions of the dental hygienists involved with medical hygiene by 90% and 25% in nursing students. In addition, there was a significant difference in the perception of the legal work of dental hygienists and the rate of recognition of medical activities among the departments. In conclusion, it is expected that understanding and support for dental hygienists will be achieved only if proper knowledge and education about dental hygienists are made available in other departments.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.124-134
• /
• 2004

The major results of this study were as follows : 1. The percentage of nurses who know the complementary and alternative therapies was 50.1% Most of them(70.6%) acknowledged the therapies from newspapers, television and magazines. 2. The complementary and alternative therapy was perceived as effective by 64.9% of the nurses and as trusted by 60.2% of them The effective methods of the therapy are acupuncture herb medicine and massage. 3. Most of the nurses 93.4% experienced getting inquiries from patients or their guardians whether to use the therapies. 4. The complementary and alternative therapies was experienced by 38.9% of nurses and 7.1% of them use the therapies frequently 92.9% of patients and families were satisfied with the result 'Massage Therapy' was used the most with no side-effects and thus higher need of education for nurses. 5. They wanted to be trained for massage therapy finger-pressure, music therapy, acupuncture, aroma therapy in order. 6. Reliance on the complementary and alternative therapies, 75.2% of nurses completed the course trusted the therapies and the result of others uncompleted was similar as 52.2% Moreover both 79.5% of nurses completed it and 61.6% of the others said that the complementary and alternative therapy's nursing interventions is possible to develop. 7. It shows high relation to recognition having possibilities for applying and developing as the nursing intervention. if the confidence is as high as about the complementary and alternative therapies. Based of the results of this study as above this study proposes as follows. First, The nurses should understand mentality of the patients so that the nurses have to put in operation appropriate nursing intervention as accurate knowledge of the alternation therapies using to cancer patients for having on damages to patients from their rash using way. Furthermore, it is necessary to supply the special place and the professional nurses taking complete charge at them. Next politic interest and support from government are required to develop and practice systematic and resonable education programs for the complementary and alternative therapies. Moreover, it is necessary for nurses to be educated about the therapies continually. Finally, it is compulsory that the research and development for complementary and alternative therapies is needed. In addition, it has to be made standard and legal equipment for safety efficacy and theory about the therapies.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.31-41
• /
• 1986

Knowledge of the degree of yield reduction due to water stress at different crop growth stages in rice production is important for rational scheduling of irrigation during periods of insufficient water supply. Previous studies to determine the degree of yield reduction duo to water stress suffered from interruptions by rain during experiment. Also the findings did rot relate the degree of water stress to the soil water potential and water deficit status of rice plants. In this study, two years experiments were conducted using the high yielding rice varieties, an Indica x Japonica (Nampoong) and a Japonica variety(Choochung). These were grown in 1/200$^{\circ}$ plastic pots placed under a rainfall autosensing, sliding clear plastic roof facility to control rainfall interruptions. The results obtained were as follows. 1.The two varieties differed in the growth stage most sensitive to water stress as well as the degree of yield reductions. When rice plants were stressed to the leaf rolling score 4 and soil water potential of about - 20 bar at major crop growth stages which included heading, booting, non-effective tillering, panicle initiation and early tillering stages, the yield reductions in the Indica x Japonica variety were 58%, 34%, 27%, 22%, and 21%, respectively, whereas in the Japonica vairety they were 23%, 36%, 1%, 13% and 22%, respectively. This result show that the recommended drainage during non-effective tillering is valid only for the Japonica variety. Sufficient irrigation at booting, heading and early tillering stages are necessary for both varieties. 2.The two varieties showed visible wilting symptoms when the soil water potential dropped to about - 3.0 bar. The Japonica variety showed more leaf rolling than the Indica X Japonica. However, it had a higher retention of leaf water content and greater stomatal diffusive resistance. When the soil water potential dropped, the Japonica variety showed leaf rolling score (LRS) 1 at 0 soil-5. 0 bar and LRS 2 at 0 soil -6.0 bar while the Indica X Japonica showed LRS 1 at 0 soil - 5.5 bar and LRS 2at 0 Soil - 9.0 bar. The stomatal diffusive resistance was maximum at the second top leaf blade in both varieties at intermediate water stress of 0 soil - 4.5 bar. 3.The number of days that was required for the soil water potential to drop to-3. 0 bar and to - 20.0 bar after drainage of irrigation water from the 20cm deep silty clay loam soil in the pots were 6 and 13 days, respectively for booting stage, and 7 and 11 days, respectively for heading stage, 9 and 12 days, respectively for panicle initiation stage, and 12 and 19 days, respectively for early tillering stage. 4.Water stress during the early tillering stage recorded the longest delay in beading time, the largest reduction in panicle numbers and a substantial yield decrease of 20%. This calls for better water management to ensure the availability of water at this stage, particularly during drought periods. In addition, a reexamination of the conventional inter-drainage practice during the non-effective tillering stage is necessary for the high yielding Indica X Japonica varieties.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.258-276
• /
• 1998

This study was conducted to justify the "prescribed shelf life" currently used in Samsung Medical Center and give recommendations based on scientific data to adopt for safe and cost-effective storage times for sterile goods Since the early 1970's, predetermined expiration dating policy has been used in Korea on all in-house sterilized products like any other countries; six months for the supplies wrapped in polyethylene peel pouches and two weeks for the rest. Recently, however, the studies suggest that current standards for preserving the sterility can be changing. It looks like we unnecessarily have too-short expiration date of sterilized supplies, that is far from being cost effective. Certainly, this research is an exciting project, especially in Korea, and will be leading and contributing to the paradigm shift of the conservative concept of shelf life for sterile supplies in Korean healthcare facilities. The major goal of this study was placed on the measurement of the recontamination time in packs wrapped in all kinds of wrapping materials used in S.M.C and stored in various conditions for periods ranging from three months to six months, and then develop a practical standard of "shelf life" based on the analyzed data. Objectives: To measure and compare the recontamination time of sterile packs among wrapppers and storage conditions, and develop a practical standard for the shelf life and storage conditions of sterile products. Samples and Method: The sterile integrity was investigated of the total 1,440 sterile sample packs containing gauze strip($1.5cm{\times}0.5cm$) we prepared and wrapped in nine wrapping materials (randomized reprocessed linens, linens reprocessed 99 times, linens reprocessed 120 times, new kraft paper, used kraft paper, new nonwoven fabrics, 6-time reprocessed nonwoven fabrics, new polyethylene peel pouches, used polyethylene peel pouches), and stored in four locations(closed cabinet of one of the typical wards, open shelf of one of ICUs, open shelf of separate storage room in ER, open shelf in OR), for three to six months, respectively in 1998. Each type of packs were opened weekly and the gauze strips inoculated into Brewer's thioglycollate broth at $35^{\circ}C$ for seven days. Results: There was no growth found for any types of the pack and storage conditions studied. Discussion: This study was conducted in an attempt to identify the possibility of extending the current shelf life for sterile goods we use in a sense of cost effectiveness. The findings suggest that we could extend our expiration dates, that means we can save a lot of materials and personnel time meeded for resterilizing, outdating, recleaning, wrapping, and reshelving. Then it will initiate a great reform in the field of healthcare in Korea, and now we are looking forward to this valuable revolution. We are going to continue this study and take all steps need to apply this new concept to our practice, and then trying to extend to other hospitals.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.17 no.11
• /
• pp.18-28
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study to understand attitude toward smart education of preliminary special teachers who major in special education and provide a foundation for establishing a systematic support strategy for preliminary teachers after graduation for applying smart education to their students. To this end, 230 students enrolled in special education programs were studied. The questionnaire to measure attitude toward smart education of preliminary teachers consisted of a total of 38 questions including cognitive, affective and behavioral attitudes. The questionnaire was analyzed using the SPSS Win 20.0 Program to calculated general statistic analysis such as mean and standard deviation, and the t-test, ANOVA and a post-verification method, Turkey were performed to determine if there was a difference between the individual variables. The analysis showed that the level of smart education behavior of prospective special teachers was 'moderate', and behavioral attitudes showed the highest level of behavior, and the affective attitude was the lowest. The result showed that the differences between grade is significant and attitude scores of seniors is higher than freshmen's. and there was a statistically significant difference in 'cognitive attitude' and 'behavioral attitude'as sub-factors of attitude by whether the practice teaching was conducted.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.18 no.8
• /
• pp.646-657
• /
• 2018

Purpose: This study is to investigate factors affecting depression in nursing students. Methods: A survey was conducted with 216 nursing students in college at P city, D city, and K province. Data was collected from April 15 to May 21, 2018, and analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA and hierarchical regression with IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between verbal violence and depression(r=.261, p<.001), between physical threat and depression(r=.291, p<.001). Also, Self-esteem had a significant positive correlation with resilience(r=.685, p<.001) and negative correlation with depression(r=-.590, p<.001). Moreover, resilience had a significant negative correlation with depression(r=-.612, p<.001). In the hierarchical analysis, factors affecting the nursing students' depression were resilience(${\beta}=-.337$, p<.001), self-esteem(${\beta}=-.279$, p<.001), physical threat(${\beta}=.177$, p=.001). The variable that had the highest impact on depression was resilience and the explanatory power of the regression model was 51.5%(F=17.965, p<.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that the major factors influencing nursing students depression are physical threat, self-esteem and resilience. Therefore, it suggests that an intervention program will be required to prevent violence during the clinical practice, enhances self-esteem and improves resilience in order to reduce depression of nursing students.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.281-293
• /
• 2020

This study examines the effect of a counselor's supervision experience on counselor development, and verifies the moderating effect of supervision satisfaction on the relationship between the counselor's supervision experience and counselor development. Data were collected via survey administered to 299 counselors who were actively engaged in counseling practice for institutions and public organizations in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Gangwon, and Jeolla regions, such as schools, universities, and professional counseling services. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 21.0. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, the amount of participation in individual supervision and group supervision had a significant effect on counselor development. Second, age and years of counseling experience had major effects on counselor development. Third, when the moderating effect of supervision satisfaction on the relationship between the amount of participation in individual or group supervision and counselor development was verified, it was found that supervision satisfaction had a moderating effect on the relationship between the amount of participation in group supervision and counselor development (regarding the level of understanding with cases). The result can be interpreted as meaning that a counselor's positive supervision experience has a direct influence on the outcome and quality of counseling services. Based on these results, proposed implications are presented regarding counseling supervision.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.685-689
• /
• 2016

Opisthorchiasis is still a major health problem in rural communities of Thailand. Infection is associated with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), which is found frequently in Thailand, particularly in the northeastern. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of health intervention in the population at risk for opisthorchiasis and CCA. A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Meuang Yang district, Nakhon Ratchasima province, northeastern Thailand, between June and October 2015. Participants were completed health intervention comprising 4 stations; 1, VDO clip of moving adult worm of liver fluke; 2, poster of life cycle of liver fluke; 3, microscopy with adult and egg liver fluke; and 4, brochure with the knowledge of liver fluke containing infection, signs, symptoms, related disease, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control. Pre-and-post-test questionnaires were utilized to collect data from all participants. Students paired t-tests were used to analyze differences between before and after participation in the health intervention. Knowledge (mean difference=-7.48, t=-51.241, 95% CI, -7.77, -7.19, p-value =0.001), attitude (mean difference=-9.07, t=-9.818, 95% CI=-10.9, -7.24, p-value=0.001), and practice (mean difference=-2.04, t=-2.688, 95% CI=-3.55, -0.53, p-value=0.008), changed between before and after time points with statistical significance. Community rules were concluded regarding: (1) cooked cyprinoid fish consumption; (2) stop under cooked cyprinoid fish by household cooker; (3) cooked food consumption; (4) hygienic defecation; (5) corrected knowledge campaign close to each household; (6) organizing a village food safety club; (7) and annual health check including stool examination featuring monitoring by village health volunteers and local public health officers. The results indicates that the present health intervention program was effective and easy to understand, with low cost and taking only a short time. Therefore, this program may useful for further work at community and provincial levels for liver fluke prevention and control.