• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.10-26
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• 2019

This study is exploratory research on a relationship between changes in cultivated area of major crops and farm income by regions. We investigated level of income, volatility of income, and migration of suitable region by climate changes as factors influencing changes in cultivated area. Research processes are as follows. First, we classify the regions where cultivated areas are expanded or reduced through the trends of cultivated area by region and crop during recent 10 years. Second, we compare the changes in income related factors between groups during the same periods. Finally, the results from portfolio analysis show changes in stable income-based optimal crops. From these procedures, we found that the changes in cultivated area are not simply explained by income-related factors. In cases of vegetables, however, we also found that high volatility of income could contribute to reduce cultivated area of the crops. The results from portfolio analysis are not always consistent in all of cases. This means that crop selection can be decided by other factors than stable income.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.210-218
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• 2018

This study was conducted to examine the influence of different transplanting dates on rice quality and starch properties (morphology and pasting properties) of rice varieties that may be used for the production of rice flour. Three rice flour varieties, 'Seolgaeng', 'Hangaru', and 'Milyang317', were transplanted on May 20, May 30, June 10, and June 20. The peak viscosity decreased with a delay in the transplanting date. However, the amylose content increased with a delay in the transplanting date, whereas that of protein decreased. Amylopectin short-branch chain content increased in the rice varieties that were transplanted on May 30. The morphology of the starch granule of the varieties was determined by SEM. No apparent external difference in the starch granules was observed for the different transplanting dates. These results indicate that the transplanting date influenced the amylopectin structure and pasting properties, which led to changes in the physicochemical characteristics of rice starch.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.636-640
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• 2007

In order to investigate the major metabolite patterns of aged Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer roots, the ginsenoside contents for white ginseng roots of various ages were compared. The 1-year to 6-year old roots were extracted with methanol, and then the methanol-soluble metabolites were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The metabolite contents of the 1-year and 2-year roots, including the ginsenosides and minor components, were not different, but the $Rg_1$, Re, and Rc ginsenoside contents between the 2-year and 3-year roots showed significant differences. $Rg_1$ and Rc increased significantly in the 1-year to 2-year roots, and Re increased significantly from the 3-year root age. Rd increased slightly until the 2-year age and decreased from the 3-year age. Based on the ginsenoside distributions and contents at various root ages, we have suggested 2 biogenesis schemes using the ginsenosides that have been isolated from the roots of P. ginseng so far.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.387-397
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• 2003

During the first half of twentieth century, even though the importance of non-calorie essential micronutrients of 13 vitamins and 17 minerals has been known to alleviate nutritional disorder; the primary objective of agriculture and plant breeding programs has been to increase the productivity and seed yields, and macronutrients of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates made up the bulk of foodstuff which were used primarily as an energy source. In the last decade it has been found that non-essential micronutrients encompass a vast group of phytochemicals including antioxidants that are not strictly required in the diet but when present at sufficient levels work as health-promoting chemicals. Nowadays agricultural crops are grown for health rather than for food or fiber, and modifying the nutritional compositions of plant foods has become an urgent health issue. To ensure an adequate intake of essential vitamins and minerals, and to increase the consumption of health-promoting phytochemicals, the researches on plant secondary metabolism have been made. The attempt to improve nutritional quality of crops has been blocked by a lack of basic knowledge of plant metabolism. The advent of genomics era enabled new approaches to make crossing regardless of species, family, or phylum barriers, and the accumulation in our basic knowledge on plant secondary metabolism during the coming decade would be tremendous. As the major staple crops contain insufficient amount of many micronutrients, fortification strategy will be a necessary practice. Elevated intake of specific vitamins, C, E, and $\beta$-carotene, mineral selenium, antioxidants, and phytochemicals significantly reduces the risk of chronic disease such as cancer, cardiovascular disorder, diabetis, and other degenerative disease associated with aging. As the attempt to improve the nutritional quality of crops requires the basic knowledges on plant metabolism, plant biochemistry, human physiology, and food chemistry, strong interdisplinary collaboration among plant biotechnologists, human nutritionists, and food scientists will be needed. Inhibition of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other degenerative disorder may be the biggest goal facing nutritional plant breeders. But the assumption that simply increasing dietary level of any compound will necessarily improve human health is a dangerous idea because many plant secondary products and dietary contaminants have paradoxical (hermetic) effects. Before biotechnical manipulation is undertaken to elevate or reduce any individual constituent of crops, the contribution of the micronutrient to human health must first be investigated.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: ${\gamma}$-Oryzanol, a mixture of ferulic acid esters of triterpene alcohols and sterols, are a nutritionally important group of rice secondary metabolites. The ${\gamma}$-Oryzanol content and composition were found to vary with enviromental factors such as growth temperature, varietal origin, and cultivation method. Therefore, the effect of green manure treatments will be also be an important factor in their content. METHODS AND RESULTS: The ${\gamma}$-Oryzanols extracted using dichloromethane/methanol were analyzed equipped liquid chromatography with a diode array detector. A total of ten components of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol including ${\Delta}7$-stigmastenyl ferulate were isolated of which, cycloartenyl ferulate, 24-methylenecycloartanyl ferulate, campesteryl ferulate and sitosteryl ferulate were identified as the major components in Korean rice variety, Unkwang. The ${\gamma}$-oryzanol content in rice, in the presence of nitrogen fertilization using green manure was similar to conventional nitrogen fertilization, but was higher than the control(no fertilizations). The ${\gamma}$-oryzanol ontent in rice, in the presence of hairy vetch as green manure crop was the highest compared to other crops (opium-poppy, crimson clover, cornflower). As a result of PLS-DA using SIMCA 11.0 ver. as multivariate analysis program on the basis of total data, in all samples, the specific pattern and cluster of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol scores according to green manure crops and conditions were confirmed with possible distinguishing nitrogen effects. CONCLUSION: The nitrogen contained in the green manure crops is considered to play a major role in the formation of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol. Hairy vetch which contains higher nitrogen increased the concentration of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol in rice.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.500-506
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• 2017

본 연구는 자가제조퇴비를 사용하는 유기농가와 관행농가로 구분하여 생산되는 배추와 토양의 위생지표세균(Aerobic plate count, coliform count, yeast & mold)과 식중독발병 가능성이 있는 유해미생물(Staphylococcus aureus, Environmental listeria, Bacillus cereus)의 밀도를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 토양과 식물체 모두 식품에서 위해균 허용한계치인 5.0 Log CFU/g 이하로 검출되었다. 또한 토양에서 위해균 검출량과 식물체 표면의 위해균 검출량간의 상관 관계를 분석한 결과 정의 상관관계에 있었다. 또한 토양과 식물의 중금속 오염도를 조사한 결과 검출되지 않거나 허용한계치 이하로 검출되었다.

• 분석과학
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.172-179
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• 2021

Oleanane-type triterpenoids exist as secondary metabolites in various plants. In particular, soyasaponin, an oleanane-type triterpenoid, is abundant in the hypocotyl of soybean, one of the most widely cultivated crops in the world. Depending on their chemical structure, soyasaponins are categorized as group A saponins or group DDMP (2,3-dihydro-2,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one) saponins. The different soyasaponin chemical structures present different health functionalities and taste characteristics. However, conventional phenotype screening of soybean requires a substantial amount of time for functionality of soyasaponins. Therefore, we attempted to use liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-PDA/MS/MS) for accurately predicting the phenotype and chemical structure of soyasaponins in the hypocotyl of five common soybean natural mutants. In this method, the aglycones (soyasapogenol A [SS-A] and soyasapogenol B [SS-B]) were detected after acid hydrolysis. These results indicated that the base peak and fragmentation differ depending on the chemical structure of soyasaponin with aglycone. Thus, a fragmentation database can help predict the chemical structure of soyasaponins in soyfoods and plants.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2013

Due to the fact that possible risk associated with soil-crop-food chain transfer, metal contamination in croplands has become a major topic of wide concern. Accumulation of toxic metals in edible parts of crops grown in contaminated soils has been reported from number of crops including rice, soybean, wheat, maize, and vegetables. Therefore, in order to ensure food safety, measures are needed to be taken in mitigating metal pollution and subsequent uptake by crop plants. Present paper critically reviewed some of the cost effective remediation techniques used in minimizing metal uptake by crops grown in contaminated soils. Liming with different materials such as limestone ($CaCO_3$), burnt lime (CaO), slaked lime [$Ca(OH)_2$], dolomite [$CaMg(CO_3)_2$], and slag ($CaSiO_3$) has been widely used because they could elevate soil pH rendering metals less-bioavailable for plant uptake. Zn fertilization, use of organic amendments, crop rotation and water management are among the other techniques successfully employed in reducing metal uptake by crop plants. However, irrespectively the mitigating measure used, heterogeneous accumulation of metals in different crop species is often reported. The inconsistency might be attributed to the genetic makeup of the crops for selective uptake, their morphological characteristics, position of edible parts on the plants in respect of their distance from roots, crop management practices, the season and to the soil characteristics. However, a sound conclusion in this regard can only be made when more scientific evidence is available on case-specific researches, in particular from long-term field trials which included risks and benefits analysis also for various remediation practices.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.394-394
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• 2023

The world's sustainable growth is being severely hampered by the inefficient use of water resources. Despite the widely acknowledged importance of trade in global and regional water and food security, societal reliance on local production as well as international trade remains inadequately assessed. Therefore, using South Korea as a case study, this study fills in this research gap by applying the virtual water concept, the logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) method, and the Tapio decoupling model. The virtual water concept was used to estimate South Korea's net virtual water trade for major grain crops from 1992 to 2017. Then, the LMDI method was utilized to assess the driving factors causing changes in net virtual water trade. Lastly, the Tapio decoupling model was used to investigate the decoupling relationships between economic growth and the driving factors of net virtual water trade. Results showed that South Korea remains a net importer of virtual water flows with respect to grain crops, with an average import of 16,559.24 million m³ over the study period. In addition, the change in net virtual water trade could be attributed to water intensity effect, product structure effect, economic effect, and population effect. However, water intensity and economic effects were the major decisive factors for decrease and increase in net virtual water trade respectively, while the population and product structure effects had minor positive influences on the net virtual water trade. Furthermore, water intensity and economic growth showed a strong decoupling in most periods, while the decoupling state between product structure and economic growth was observed as expansive negative decoupling. Likewise, population size and economic growth showed a weak decoupling in most periods. The results reveal South Korea's status as it concerns the virtual water trade of grain crops, thus providing valuable insights into the sustainability of trade activities for the management of local water resources.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.301-328
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were to classify the silver farming types and to investigate proper crops for silver farmers. Data were collected from 408 farmers returned from the urban area. Descriptive statistics were employed using SPSS/PC windows program. After then, researchers discussed the silver farming patterns and their proper crops, and tried to analyze the silver farming model. Major results were as follows: The farming aims of retirees, urban residents as well as farmers returned from the urban area were various from hobby/ leisure to income generating activities. Fourteen types of silver farming were classified by farming aim and residential area of retirees. Retirees in the hobby/leisure-oriented silver farming type can select and enjoy the various plants, animals, and insects as well as crops due to their small scale. Silver farmers in the self-sufficiency type may select crops for their food. Income-oriented silver farmers may have difficulties in choosing the proper crop. They must consider their income needs, health status and field location. Profit-oriented silver farmers with venture mind can have some business opportunities in the agricultural sectors in spite of severe competition. As the aged silver farmers have poor health, they must keep work safety rules, use the proper work-aids, and utilize the labor-saving farming system.